A influência dos elementos da primeira série de transição nas propriedades eletrônicas de aglomerados de paládio: um estudo baseado na Teoria do Funcional de Densidade (TFD)

Na área da catálise, interações de moléculas pequenas como H2,N2,O2, CO, NO etc, com aglomerados metálicos, têm nas suas adsorções químicas etapa fundamental nas atividades catalíticas. O paládio está entre os metais mais empregados em catalisadores usados em muitos processos catalíticos heterogêneos. Neste presente trabalho foi realizada uma série de cálculos baseado na Teoria do Funcional de Densidade (TFD ou DFT) empregando o método BP86/LANL2DZ/6-311+G(d,p) para estudar a adsorção da molécula NO que foi utilizada como protótipo molecular para interagir sobre aglomerados de paládio puros e dopados com metais de transição da primeira série de transição (Pd3M e Pd9M). Neste contexto, o escopo deste trabalho foi: (i) obter informações a respeito das possíveis alterações estruturais e eletrônicas ocorridas em aglomerados de paládio quando dopados com metais da primeira série de transição (MT), (ii) estudar as alterações no comportamento do átomo de paládio, nos seus respectivos aglomerados puros, frente aos aglomerados dopados com metais de transição da primeira série,(iii) buscar possíveis padrões de influência dos MT nas propriedades de aglomerados de paládio (ex: energias dos orbitais de fronteira, transferências eletrônicas de doação e retrodoação, densidades de spin, hibridizações dos orbitais responsáveis pelas ligações com moléculas adsorventes etc). Após a realização dos cálculos baseados na DFT, os resultados mostram que, para o estudo sobre os aglomerados contendo quatro átomos, foi obtida correlação direta entre a carga adquirida pelo metal M dentro do aglomerado metálico e os orbitais moleculares de fronteira LUMO calculados para Pd3M. Esta correlação direta não se mantém quando o tamanho do aglomerado de paládio é aumento de quatro para dez átomos. A energia de adsorção apresentada pela molécula de NO apresenta boa correlação com a energia do LUMO, independentemente do número de átomos e da geometria do aglomerado e da natureza do metal dopante. A molécula de NO adsorve mais favoravelmente no modo Bridge, independentemente de qual metal está dopando o aglomerado de Pd9M. Entretanto, para o aglomerado de Pd3M, o modo de adsorção dependerá da natureza do metal dopante. A mudança na geometria e no número de átomos de paládio existentes no aglomerado provoca mudanças no modo e na energia de adsorção da molécula de NO adsorvente. Uma investigação mais aprofundada deve encontrar outras possíveis correlações entre propriedades dos metais da primeira série e aglomerados de paládio dopados com os mesmos

Estudo da adsorção de hidrogênio e sulfeto na superfície de paládio: aspectos experimentais (eletroquímica) e teóricos (ab initio e Teoria do Funcional da Densidade)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Propriedades eletrônicas e estruturais do PbTiO3: teoria do funcional de densidade aplicada a modelos periódicos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A teoria do funcional da densidade na caracterização de fases intermetálicas ordenadas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Índice de aromaticidade baseado na deslocalização, degenerescência e densidade (D3BIA) para acenos e moléculas homoaromáticas

The aromaticity index is an important tool for the investigation of aromatic molecules. This work consists on new applications of the aromaticity index developed by teacher Caio Lima Firme, so-called D3BIA (density, delocalization, degeneracy-based index of aromaticity). It was investigated its correlation with other well-known aromaticity indexes, such as HOMA (harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity), NICS (nucleus independent chemical shielding), PDI (para-delocalization index), magnetic susceptibility (), and energetic factor in the study of aromaticity of acenes and homoaromatic species based on bisnoradamantanyl cage. The density functional theory (DFT) was used for optimization calculations and for obtaining energetic factors associated with aromaticity and indexes HOMA and NICS. From quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) it was obtained the indexes D3BIA, PDI and . For acenes, when the over-mentioned indexes were applied it was observed no correlation except for D3BIA and HOMA (R2=0.752). For bisnoradamantenyl dication and its derivatives, it was obtained a good correlation between D3BIA and NICS. Moreover, it was evaluated solely one of the factors used on D3BIA calculation, the delocalization index uniformity (DIU), so as to investigate its possible influence on stability of chemical species. Then, the DIU was compared with the formation Gibbs free energy of some pairs of carbocations, isomers or not, which each pair had small difference in point group symmetry and no difference among other well-known stability factors. The obtained results indicate that DIU is a new stability factor related to carbocations, that is, the more uniform the electron density delocalization, the more stable the is carbocation. The results of this work validate D3BIA and show its importance on the concept of aromaticity, indicating that it can be understood from degeneracy of atoms belonging the aromatic site, the electronic density in the aromatic site and the degree of uniformity of electron delocalization

Interacções intermoleculares fracas em materiais funcionais avançados: um estudo espectroscópico e computacional

A utilização combinada de espectroscopia vibracional e de cálculos envolvendo a teoria do funcional de densidade (DFT) possibilita o estudo de ligações de hidrogénio em fase condensada, assim como a análise da estrutura molecular dos sistemas em estudo. Por um lado, a espectroscopia vibracional permite a detecção de associações moleculares, enquanto os métodos computacionais auxiliam na obtenção de informação referente aos mecanismos de associação, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à possível estrutura de dímeros e compostos de inclusão em ciclodextrinas e às energias de interacção e de inclusão. O estudo que originou a presente dissertação pretende contribuir para o reforço da aplicação de estudos espectroscópicos e computacionais na elucidação de diversos fenómenos químicos, com especial destaque para o papel desempenhado por interacções intermoleculares fracas na estrutura e propriedades de materiais moleculares. No âmbito desta tese foram investigados os seguintes tópicos: polimorfismo e pseudopolimorfismo em sólidos farmacêuticos, transições de fase em misturas binárias de ácidos gordos, inclusão em ciclodextrinas, interacção de compostos farmacêuticos com superfícies metálicas e formação de agregados de água em materiais híbridos orgânicos-inorgânicos. Os sistemas foram analisados utilizando a espectroscopia vibracional – particularmente a espectroscopia de difusão de Raman – como técnica fundamental. Para uma melhor caracterização de processos envolvendo transições de fase, foram efectuados estudos com variação de temperatura, variação de humidade relativa e substituição isotópica. O estudo da interacção com superfícies metálicas foi realizado por espectroscopia de Raman intensificada à superfície. Dada a complexidade dos sistemas em estudo, a informação obtida por espectroscopia vibracional foi complementada por resultados de cálculos mecânico-quânticos. Em particular, os cálculos DFT foram utilizados para a optimização de geometrias e previsão de frequências vibracionais de moléculas e associações moleculares, permitindo assim a análise e interpretação de espectros vibracionais e a caracterização da estrutura de materiais.

Modelagem molecular na caracterização eletrônica de oligopeptídeos e na descrição quântica da interação fármaco-receptor

In this dissertation, the theoretical principles governing the molecular modeling were applied for electronic characterization of oligopeptide α3 and its variants (5Q, 7Q)-α3, as well as in the quantum description of the interaction of the aminoglycoside hygromycin B and the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome. In the first study, the linear and neutral dipeptides which make up the mentioned oligopeptides were modeled and then optimized for a structure of lower potential energy and appropriate dihedral angles. In this case, three subsequent geometric optimization processes, based on classical Newtonian theory, the semi-empirical and density functional theory (DFT), explore the energy landscape of each dipeptide during the search of ideal minimum energy structures. Finally, great conformers were described about its electrostatic potential, ionization energy (amino acids), and frontier molecular orbitals and hopping term. From the hopping terms described in this study, it was possible in subsequent studies to characterize the charge transport propertie of these peptides models. It envisioned a new biosensor technology capable of diagnosing amyloid diseases, related to an accumulation of misshapen proteins, based on the conductivity displayed by proteins of the patient. In a second step of this dissertation, a study carried out by quantum molecular modeling of the interaction energy of an antibiotic ribosomal aminoglicosídico on your receiver. It is known that the hygromycin B (hygB) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that affects ribosomal translocation by direct interaction with the small subunit of the bacterial ribosome (30S), specifically with nucleotides in helix 44 of the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA). Due to strong electrostatic character of this connection, it was proposed an energetic investigation of the binding mechanism of this complex using different values of dielectric constants (ε = 0, 4, 10, 20 and 40), which have been widely used to study the electrostatic properties of biomolecules. For this, increasing radii centered on the hygB centroid were measured from the 30S-hygB crystal structure (1HNZ.pdb), and only the individual interaction energy of each enclosed nucleotide was determined for quantum calculations using molecular fractionation with conjugate caps (MFCC) strategy. It was noticed that the dielectric constants underestimated the energies of individual interactions, allowing the convergence state is achieved quickly. But only for ε = 40, the total binding energy of drug-receptor interaction is stabilized at r = 18A, which provided an appropriate binding pocket because it encompassed the main residues that interact more strongly with the hygB - C1403, C1404, G1405, A1493, G1494, U1495, U1498 and C1496. Thus, the dielectric constant ≈ 40 is ideal for the treatment of systems with many electrical charges. By comparing the individual binding energies of 16S rRNA nucleotides with the experimental tests that determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of hygB, it is believed that those residues with high binding values generated bacterial resistance to the drug when mutated. With the same reasoning, since those with low interaction energy do not influence effectively the affinity of the hygB in its binding site, there is no loss of effectiveness if they were replaced.

Estudo in silico da interação da albumina de soro humano com o ibuprofeno

Currently, computational methods have been increasingly used to aid in the characterization of molecular biological systems, especially when they relevant to human health. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory or broadband use in the clinic. Once in the bloodstream, most of ibuprofen is linked to human serum albumin, the major protein of blood plasma, decreasing its bioavailability and requiring larger doses to produce its antiinflamatory action. This study aimes to characterize, through the interaction energy, how is the binding of ibuprofen to albumin and to establish what are the main amino acids and molecular interactions involved in the process. For this purpouse, it was conducted an in silico study, by using quantum mechanical calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT), with Generalized Gradient approximation (GGA) to describe the effects of exchange and correlation. The interaction energy of each amino acid belonging to the binding site to the ligand was calculated the using the method of molecular fragmentation with conjugated caps (MFCC). Besides energy, we calculated the distances, types of molecular interactions and atomic groups involved. The theoretical models used were satisfactory and show a more accurate description when the dielectric constant ε = 40 was used. The findings corroborate the literature in which the Sudlow site I (I-FA3) is the primary binding site and the site I-FA6 as secondary site. However, it differs in identifying the most important amino acids, which by interaction energy, in order of decreasing energy, are: Arg410, Lys414, Ser 489, Leu453 and Tyr411 to the I-Site FA3 and Leu481, Ser480, Lys351, Val482 and Arg209 to the site I-FA6. The quantification of interaction energy and description of the most important amino acids opens new avenues for studies aiming at manipulating the structure of ibuprofen, in order to decrease its interaction with albumin, and consequently increase its distribution

Cálculos AB initio de propriedades estruturais, eletrônicas e ópticas de colmpostos CaXo3 (X=Si, Ge, Sn)

In this work we present a study of structural, electronic and optical properties, at ambient conditions, of CaSiO3, CaGeO3 and CaSnO3 crystals, all of them a member of Ca-perovskite class. To each one, we have performed density functional theory ab initio calculations within LDA and GGA approximations of the structural parameters, geometry optimization, unit cell volume, density, angles and interatomic length, band structure, carriers effective masses, total and partial density of states, dielectric function, refractive index, optical absorption, reflectivity, optical conductivity and loss function. A result comparative procedure was done between LDA and GGA calculations, a exception to CaSiO3 where only LDA calculation was performed, due high computational cost that its low symmetry crystalline structure imposed. The Ca-perovskite bibliography have shown the absence of electronic structure calculations about this materials, justifying the present work

Sistemas Nanoestruturados: Heteroestruturas Quasi-Periódicas de Nitretos e Cálculos Ab initio em Polimorfos CaCO3

The physical properties and the excitations spectrum in oxides and semiconductors materials are presented in this work, whose the first part presents a study on the confinement of optical phonons in artificial systems based on III-V nitrides, grown in periodic and quasiperiodic forms. The second part of this work describes the Ab initio calculations which were carried out to obtain the optoeletronic properties of Calcium Oxide (CaO) and Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) crystals. For periodic and quasi-periodic superlattices, we present some dynamical properties related to confined optical phonons (bulk and surface), obtained through simple theories, such as the dielectric continuous model, and using techniques such as the transfer-matrix method. The localization character of confined optical phonon modes, the magnitude of the bands in the spectrum and the power laws of these structures are presented as functions of the generation number of sequence. The ab initio calculations have been carried out using the CASTEP software (Cambridge Total Sequential Energy Package), and they were based on ultrasoft-like pseudopotentials and Density Functional Theory (DFT). Two di®erent geometry optimizations have been e®ectuated for CaO crystals and CaCO3 polymorphs, according to LDA (local density approximation) and GGA (generalized gradient approximation) approaches, determining several properties, e. g. lattice parameters, bond length, electrons density, energy band structures, electrons density of states, e®ective masses and optical properties, such as dielectric constant, absorption, re°ectivity, conductivity and refractive index. Those results were employed to investigate the confinement of excitons in spherical Si@CaCO3 and CaCO3@SiO2 quantum dots and in calcium carbonate nanoparticles, and were also employed in investigations of the photoluminescence spectra of CaCO3 crystal

Efeito do campo elétrico em nanocones formados por aln e BN: um estudo por primeiros princípios

The development of computers and algorithms capable of making increasingly accurate and rapid calculations as well as the theoretic foundation provided by quantum mechanics has turned computer simulation into a valuable research tool. The importance of such a tool is due to its success in describing the physical and chemical properties of materials. One way of modifying the electronic properties of a given material is by applying an electric field. These effects are interesting in nanocones because their stability and geometric structure make them promising candidates for electron emission devices. In our study we calculated the first principles based on the density functional theory as implemented in the SIESTA code. We investigated aluminum nitride (AlN), boron nitride (BN) and carbon (C), subjected to external parallel electric field, perpendicular to their main axis. We discuss stability in terms of formation energy, using the chemical potential approach. We also analyze the electronic properties of these nanocones and show that in some cases the perpendicular electric field provokes a greater gap reduction when compared to the parallel field

Propriedades estruturais e optoeletrônicas dos compostos SrSnO3, SrxBa1-xSnO3 e BaSnO3

In this work we present a study for the structural, electronic and optical properties, at ambient conditions of SrSnO3, SrxBa1

Determinação de diagramas de bandas de energia e da borda de absorção em SnO2, depositado via sol-gel, sobre quartzo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Métodos periódicos aplicados à determinação e análise de propriedades eletrônicas e elásticas em peroviskitas do tipo BaZrO.3 e BaTiO.3

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Modelagem em simulação computacional do cristal e superfícies do BaZr'O IND. 3' e SrZrO IND. 3': propriedades eletrônicas e estruturais

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC