A corretagem de imóveis no Rio Grande do Norte: das práticas históricas à emergência como segmento integrante da fração imobiliária do capital

This research proposed to question the development of what was defined as historical practices (commercial, social and political institutions), of the economic activity of the real estate brokerage in the Rio Grande do Norte from the progressive institutionalization of economic agents - individuals (realtors) and legal (real estate) - based on two main approaches: a) the development of economic activity as an integral segment of a fraction of capital (POULANTZAs, 1985; LESSA, 1981). This work set out from a socio-historical approach of the historical practices development the of real estate brokerage in Brazil started in the Southeast, especially in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo as a result of the "expansion of capitalist relations by the housing sector" (RIBEIRO , 1996). especially the real estate capital ; b) the historical development of relations between labor and capital within the activity, in other words, the development of the relationship between realtors and Real Estate in relation to "group of interests" and their "collective actions" (OFFE, 1984). These historical practices are defined in this research as: 1) mercantile practices, times when there was no distinction between the activity of real estate brokerage and other forms of mercantile capital; 2) social practices, which began in the 1930s, when agents of real estate are to be distinguished from each other within the activity through Taylorist division of labor between workers realtors and developers of real estate; 3) political and institutional practices, initiated in 1962, characterized by State action, in the individualization and distinction of the agents of real estate brokerage as socioprofessional category regulated throughout Brazil by Law 4.116/62 and 6.530/78. The results achieved by the present study showed that in Rio Grande do Norte, due to the specifics as to the peripheral processes of urbanization of the constitution of the land market, as well as the process of conservative modernization of the oligarchic State from the 1960s (CLEMENTINE, 1995; FERREIRA, 1996, 2010, TRINDADE, 2004), the State was led to the development of a late manifestation of the historical practices of real estate brokerage. In other words, it was a process in which historical practices, in particular social practices, not fully developed, mitigating, thus the perception of realtors from his position in the process of exploitation of labor by the Real Estate. And, as a result, of their collective interests front of them.

"Choque de capital": criminalização da pobreza e (re)significação da "questão social" no Rio de Janeiro (2009-2012)

O tema que nos propomos a estudar é Choque de Capital: criminalização da pobreza e (re)significação da questão social no Rio de Janeiro. A delimitação espaço temporal de nosso estudo situa-se na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, de 2009 a 2012. O período selecionado corresponde a primeira gestão do prefeito Eduardo Paes (PMDB) e os primeiros anos de execução das denominadas ações de Choque de Ordem. A proposta apresentada tem como pressuposto a centralidade do estudo da metrópole e a relação entre especulação imobiliária e capital financeiro, como um dos motivadores da criminalização da pobreza na contemporaneidade, cujo principal objetivo é tornar os espaços "ordenados" fonte de lucro, não importando as consequências impostas às classes subalternas. Considerando que este paradigma evidencia um processo de criminalização das classes subalternas e a necessidade compreendermos o modo específico de enfrentamento à pobreza por parte da prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro considerando suas implicações para o Serviço Social, optamos pelo seguinte caminho de estudo traduzido na forma dos capítulos assim identificados: I-Barbárie e passivização: aportes para compreensão da banalização da violência no Brasil, II- Das bases de tradição autoritária ao Esplendor do Estado de Polícia e III- Reordenamento urbano, mídia e consenso no Rio de Janeiro: Choque de Ordem para quem?. Acreditamos que o estudo aprofundado desses temas propiciarão um entendimento acerca da realidade, base insuprimível para sua transformação.

Social democracia e colonial-bonapartismo no Brasil: apontamentos sobre a autocracia burguesa no período 1995-2006

A análise que ora apresentamos busca compreender a particularidade da social democracia brasileira no momento por nós identificado como o processo de sua consolidação. Ao discutirmos as determinações desta particularidade, analisamos a forma pela qual a autocracia burguesa se reproduz no país, desdobrando-se historicamente em uma forma específica de bonapartismo. Assim, compreendemos o período de 1995 a 2006 como o momento histórico de consolidação do projeto social democrata no Brasil, onde a legalidade burguesa se consolida sob a hegemonia da fração financeira do capital, reproduzindo o colonial bonapartismo no país.

A produção imobiliária e a reestruturação das cidades médias: Londrina e Maringá/PR

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O papel do capital incorporador e do Estado na produção de moradias e reestruturação urbana do bairro de Campo Grande - Rio de Janeiro

A presente pesquisa busca compreender o papel do Estado e do Capital Incorporador no processo de reestruturação urbana do bairro de Campo Grande, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, através da produção de moradias. Para isto, parte das reflexões sobre a atuação destes dois agentes. O incorporador como responsável pela construção e comercialização de habitações, e o Estado apresentado como medidor de conflitos e provedor de políticas públicas voltadas para a requalificação urbana e solução da questão habitacional. Ambos, também agem no processo de valorização, onde a produção da mercadoria solo urbano e a renda da terra são atributos herdados pela ação destes agentes. Neste sentido, a expansão do capital de incorporação com o auxilio do Estado, principalmente com o advento do Programa Minha Casa, Minha vida, estimulou o crescimento da atuação do mercado imobiliário no bairro. Como fatores atrativos estimulado pelos investidores estão a importante centralidade construída ao longo do tempo e o atual e futuro subcentro planejado, ou seja, os shoppings West Shopping e o ParkShopping Campo Grande. Contudo, este processo de expansão imobiliária em curso no bairro vem atraindo novos moradores e maior atuação do capital privado, como a construção de torres empresariais.

Desafios na avaliação de incorporadoras imobiliárias brasileiras de capital aberto

Primeiramente, além de fazer análise resumida do setor de incorporação imobiliária brasileiro, a dissertação argumenta porque métodos tradicionais de valuation são inapropriados para avaliar incorporadoras e construtoras brasileiras. Entre os pontos levantados estão: as regras contábeis do setor, o modelo de negócios de incorporação no Brasil, a natureza cíclica do negócio, o descasamento entre geração de caixa e reconhecimento de receitas, e o tipo de informação disponibilizada pelas empresas listadas na bolsa de valores. Em seguida, o estudo sugere um método mais adequado, partindo de um conceito de Soma das Partes, onde calcula-se separadamente o valor líquido dos ativos, do banco de terrenos e dos projetos futuros. Metodologias semelhantes começaram a ser utilizadas por alguns bancos de investimento em anos recentes, porém nunca foram discutidas de forma mais acadêmica. Argumenta-se que o método proposto parece adequado, pois não só produz resultados compatíveis com a intuição econômica, como também permite que o usuário faça análises de sensibilidade de forma simples e direta. Finalmente, ao comparar a evolução no período entre 2008 e 2014 dos preços das ações de algumas incorporadoras imobiliárias listadas, discute-se quais ações estariam subavaliadas e quais estariam superavaliadas.

O Litoral e a metrópole dinâmica imobiliária, turismo e expansão urbana na região metropolitana de Natal-RN

The metropolitan regions of Northeast Brazil are being gradually included in a scenario of international investments, which are motivated by the restructuring of both touristic and real-estate sectors. The new capital, real-estate developers and space configurations that result from this process indicate the need for the creation and implementation of public tools which should, at least, allow the mitigation of the urban impacts and environmental losses resulting from this situation. The effects on landscape and on the socio-spatial configuration result from the intensification caused by the dynamism of the "real estate-tourism" sector. There is a regional integration as an expression of the urban expansion of the metropolitan area of Natal. This study investigates the uniqueness of the restructuring and territorial integration of coastal areas and the strategies of the circuit of capital accumulation formed by linking the real estate to tourism. It is intended to increase the understanding about the strategies of tourism, real estate and public policy agents involved in this territorial reconfiguration and in the fund-raising needed for the investments, to understand the existing social and environmental effects and their future trends and also to understand the forms of spatial production as results from the practices of approaching the land transformation and the tourism valorization of the landscape, in a synchronous manner, first in the Northeast region and, as a focal study, in the Metropolitan Area of Natal. Likewise, it is intended to apprehend the current processes of metropolization of the eastern coast of Rio Grande do Norte, in addition to indicate its physical-territorial transformation and the types of projects/developments promoted by the market in the recent period. Based upon analysis undertaken for the Metropolitan Region of Natal RN, this piece of work presents some considerations on possible legal instruments that can be adjusted to the municipalities which are experiencing the impact of this peculiar and recent phenomenon in the region, caused by the arrival of the real estate-touristic capital. It is also intended to point out basic proposals to the forms of public intervention, in a speculative way, starting from a Metropolitan Planning project within a medium and long term

Habitus e territorialidade na composição da dinâmica imobiliária em Natal/RN

Many have sought to understand the spatial processes, which originate from land development and real estate dynamics, seeking also to build new categories of analysis to put some light on the less evident aspects of this process. The discussion about production of space has been adopted in this study, but has proved insufficient to explain this complex urban reality. Here, it is analysed the ways that, in Natal, the market fosters the material basis for capital accumulation. The research had as methodological basis, the analysis of discourse, having full interviews with institutional agents as background. It aimed at understanding the complex, material configuration in urban space. It thus investigates the theory of practices of existing (private and public) agents towards the real estate market, using several concepts, like production of space (Lefèbvre and Harvey); habitus (Bourdieu); spatial fix (Harvey); and territoriality (Haesbaert). Evidence shows that there has been a process of ‗naturalization of certain practices in the market that has had implications for the production of an urban space that is both segmented and segregated, giving rise also to complex material configurations, including different forms of heterotopies (Foucault). These spaces result from capital s own creative dynamics and of the reach for social realization for different groups of people making a living under different economic conditions of income.

Reprodução do capital e metamorfoses espaciais : um estudo da verticalização de Ponta Negra, Natal/RN

The broach presented in this dissertation, linked to post graduate Geography´s of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, more exactly about the research group entitled interdisciplinary studies unit on space and housing built . The research developed through this study has this central theme on vertical grounding of the construction in the neighborhood of ponta negra in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Realizing this momentum as a way of accumulation of capital in city. Rio Grande do Norte´s city. During the 2000 s , the neighborhood of Ponta Negra went through an intense process of vertical integration of its ground, Provided by many factor of conditions created from new economic, political and social functions which start to be outlined mainly from the tourism development in this neighborhood since the 80´s decade. The Tourism development and the landing planning of the ponta negra´s neighborhood promoted for the government by using order to police the city´s urbanization, beyond the sense of the civilian building actors. They enabled this neighborhood to become propitious to the real estate investments. Many ventures were built before the year of 2010 while another are on building, which, over the years, changed the sociospatyal dinamics of the neighborhood. Considering the urban space is socially built, product and condition for the reproductive process of the capitalist society, the goal of this research is to investigate the verticalization of the ground, for capital reproduction purposes. This research aims to analyze the vertical this quarter through the theory of social production of space by Henri Lefebvre. The Methodology adopted pervades for secondary and primary research, compound for bibliographic research, documentary, journal, magazines, camp research and interview, to reach the best way to analyse the dynamics of the refered neighborhood

Formação, sustentação ou implosão de uma bolha imobiliária? A dinâmica de preços no mercado de imóveis de Natal no período 2005-2010

A motivação para a realização deste artigo foi a percepção de que o movimento de preços dos imóveis em Natal apresentava componentes que precisavam ser investigados, notadamente o influxo de capital estrangeiro, sobretudo para aplicação nos setores de turismo e imobiliário e o comportamento do crédito imobiliário. O objetivo do trabalho é examinar a evolução dos preços no mercado de imóveis da cidade no período 2005; 2010. Os indicadores levantados permitiram uma coleta de evidências suficiente para ampliar o grau de confiança nas hipóteses de que, de fato: a) ocorreu uma bolha no mercado de imóveis no triênio 2005; 2007; b) a bolha não implodiu no biênio 2009; 2010, após a crise financeira de 2008, pois o movimento de alta de preços se manteve tanto nos imóveis vendidos na planta quanto nos imóveis prontos.

A Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo e as inflexões do capital na década de 1990

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

Expansão imobiliária na cidade de João Pessoa, no período de 2009-2013: um caso de formação de bolha?

The housing boom recorded in recent years in the city of João Pessoa contributed decisively to the increase in housing supply across the all territory. This advance, however, was accompanied by a significant increase in property prices, which in itself generates enormous expectations on the support of the same medium and long term. From this apparent frame heating the housing market of this Capital. This study empirically examined whether this enhancement configured a typical process of bubble formation between the years 2009 and 2013 in this part of Capital. The empirical price dynamics of the housing market , was based on the indicators of price, rent and cost developed by Bezerra et al. (2013). The results of these local indicators increase the degree of confidence in the hypothesis seen, whatever, that the movement of prices in the main districts of the city of João Pessoa is a real estate bubble

Investimentos internacionais e a valorização imobiliária dos municípios de Maxaranguape e Rio do Fogo

Since the middle of 1970´s the world has been undergoing significant transformations, comes in a new era of global capital accumulation, and starts the called productive restructuring. This restructuring is materialized spatially through the reconfiguration of territory, redefining its uses and providing a new spatial structure. With regard to native of Rio Grande do Norte territory, there is, from the 1980s, the emergence of new economic activities, among which stand out tourism, which become stimulated from government policies. In this context, has stood the east coast of the state, because its beaches have recognized scenic appeal and environmental quality. Therewith business opportunity, international investors ended up investing in this portion of Rio Grande do Norte´s territory, especially over the last decade. The expansion of this process, to the north coast, resulted in the emergence of intense property dynamics in the municipalities of Maxaranguape and Rio do Fogo. The low value of the property and buildings, compared to the European market and the availability of real property, were the main factors that explain the attraction of such investors, who are now seen as new business opportunities with high rates of profitability, in tropical areas, hitherto remote geographical location of the economic system. Therefore, the objective of the research is to analyze to what extent the International Investment promoted the appreciation of property in the municipalities of Maxaranguape and Rio do Fogo. The time frame covers the period among 2000- 2013. The methodology consisted of the following proceedings: surveys and analysis of data collected in the property registry office of the Maxaranguape and Rio do Fogo municipalities; interviews with public and private officials that were important for the analysis of spatial transformations and the recovery of the property that occurred in the municipalities studied; collection of secondary data from official bodies, such as IBGE, MTUR, SETUR, BNB etc. Analyzing the information and data that have been cataloged, it was concluded that this investments are reinforcing old leisure and tourism practices existing in the past in those territories and, shifted (creating new territorial arrangements) a significant part of the eastern coast zone areas of the state. Another consequence connected to this recent phenomenon refers to property’s increase in value that has occurred in this part of the state, episode which is directly connected to that event. Therefore, it is realize that the expansion and the incorporation of the capital territories reveal, in part, the strategies of the capitalist mode of production, which are evident in the search for better conditions of accumulation, expanding the alternative of use of the properties which occurs in selective way and uneven in the geographic space form. It is observed that the mechanisms that capital makes use to impose their practices can happen through the property’s increase in value market, meaning, thereby, that the reproduction of imbalances happens, often, through the marked property speculation with the fast increase in value of properties.

O Litoral e a metrópole dinâmica imobiliária, turismo e expansão urbana na região metropolitana de Natal-RN

The metropolitan regions of Northeast Brazil are being gradually included in a scenario of international investments, which are motivated by the restructuring of both touristic and real-estate sectors. The new capital, real-estate developers and space configurations that result from this process indicate the need for the creation and implementation of public tools which should, at least, allow the mitigation of the urban impacts and environmental losses resulting from this situation. The effects on landscape and on the socio-spatial configuration result from the intensification caused by the dynamism of the "real estate-tourism" sector. There is a regional integration as an expression of the urban expansion of the metropolitan area of Natal. This study investigates the uniqueness of the restructuring and territorial integration of coastal areas and the strategies of the circuit of capital accumulation formed by linking the real estate to tourism. It is intended to increase the understanding about the strategies of tourism, real estate and public policy agents involved in this territorial reconfiguration and in the fund-raising needed for the investments, to understand the existing social and environmental effects and their future trends and also to understand the forms of spatial production as results from the practices of approaching the land transformation and the tourism valorization of the landscape, in a synchronous manner, first in the Northeast region and, as a focal study, in the Metropolitan Area of Natal. Likewise, it is intended to apprehend the current processes of metropolization of the eastern coast of Rio Grande do Norte, in addition to indicate its physical-territorial transformation and the types of projects/developments promoted by the market in the recent period. Based upon analysis undertaken for the Metropolitan Region of Natal RN, this piece of work presents some considerations on possible legal instruments that can be adjusted to the municipalities which are experiencing the impact of this peculiar and recent phenomenon in the region, caused by the arrival of the real estate-touristic capital. It is also intended to point out basic proposals to the forms of public intervention, in a speculative way, starting from a Metropolitan Planning project within a medium and long term

O Litoral e a metrópole dinâmica imobiliária, turismo e expansão urbana na região metropolitana de Natal-RN

The metropolitan regions of Northeast Brazil are being gradually included in a scenario of international investments, which are motivated by the restructuring of both touristic and real-estate sectors. The new capital, real-estate developers and space configurations that result from this process indicate the need for the creation and implementation of public tools which should, at least, allow the mitigation of the urban impacts and environmental losses resulting from this situation. The effects on landscape and on the socio-spatial configuration result from the intensification caused by the dynamism of the "real estate-tourism" sector. There is a regional integration as an expression of the urban expansion of the metropolitan area of Natal. This study investigates the uniqueness of the restructuring and territorial integration of coastal areas and the strategies of the circuit of capital accumulation formed by linking the real estate to tourism. It is intended to increase the understanding about the strategies of tourism, real estate and public policy agents involved in this territorial reconfiguration and in the fund-raising needed for the investments, to understand the existing social and environmental effects and their future trends and also to understand the forms of spatial production as results from the practices of approaching the land transformation and the tourism valorization of the landscape, in a synchronous manner, first in the Northeast region and, as a focal study, in the Metropolitan Area of Natal. Likewise, it is intended to apprehend the current processes of metropolization of the eastern coast of Rio Grande do Norte, in addition to indicate its physical-territorial transformation and the types of projects/developments promoted by the market in the recent period. Based upon analysis undertaken for the Metropolitan Region of Natal RN, this piece of work presents some considerations on possible legal instruments that can be adjusted to the municipalities which are experiencing the impact of this peculiar and recent phenomenon in the region, caused by the arrival of the real estate-touristic capital. It is also intended to point out basic proposals to the forms of public intervention, in a speculative way, starting from a Metropolitan Planning project within a medium and long term