Export Supply Chain Organization and Food Safety and Quality Standards: a case study of the Moroccan Fruit and Vegetable Sector

Agri-food supply chains extend beyond national boundaries, partially facilitated by a policy environment that encourages more liberal international trade. Rising concentration within the downstream sector has driven a shift towards “buyer-driven” global value chains (GVCs) extending internationally with global sourcing and the emergence of multinational key economic players that compete with increase emphasis on product quality attributes. Agri-food systems are thus increasingly governed by a range of inter-related public and private standards, both of which are becoming a priori mandatory, especially in supply chains for high-value and quality-differentiated agri-food products and tend to strongly affect upstream agricultural practices, firms’ internal organization and strategic behaviour and to shape the food chain organization. Notably, increasing attention has been given to the impact of SPS measures on agri-food trade and notably on developing countries’ export performance. Food and agricultural trade is the vital link in the mutual dependency of the global trade system and developing countries. Hence, developing countries derive a substantial portion of their income from food and agricultural trade. In Morocco, fruit and vegetable (especially fresh) are the primary agricultural export. Because of the labor intensity, this sector (especially citrus and tomato) is particularly important in terms of income and employment generation, especially for the female laborers hired in the farms and packing houses. Hence, the emergence of agricultural and agrifood product safety issues and the subsequent tightening of market requirements have challenged mutual gains due to the lack of technical and financial capacities of most developing countries.

The Export Insurance System and Export Supply of Britain

This paper examines whether or not the export insurance subsidy provided by the British government has promoted Britain.s export supply. Unlike previous studies on the effectiveness of export subsidy in export supply, the current study examines the stationarity nature of the concerned variables. The unit root tests show that all concerned variables are integrated of order one. According to Johansen cointegration test, the concerned variables are not cointegrated. The empirical evidences using the first differenced data show that the export subsidy in terms of provision of export insurances by the government is not statistically significant in increasing export supply.

Explaining the Shifts of International Trade in Pulp and Paper Industry

The pulp and paper industry is currently facing broad structural changes due to global shifts in demand and supply. These changes have significant impacts on national economies worldwide. In this paper, we describe the recent trends in the pulp and recovered paper (RP) production, and estimate augmented gravity models of bilateral trade for chemical pulp and RP exports with panel data. According to our results, there is some variation in the effects of the traditional gravity-model variables between pulp grades and RP. The results imply also that, in comparison to export supply, import demand plays a larger role in determining the volume of exports. Finally, it is evident that Asia, particularly China, is the most important driver of chemical pulp and RP trade: China is hungry for fiber, and must import to satisfy its growing needs. Moreover, the speed of China’s growth in chemical pulp and RP imports has been driving the increased significance of planted forests in the exports of hardwood pulp (BHKP) as well.

Diagnóstico y solución del proceso de exportación de café, vía marítima

Este trabajo es un acercamiento de cómo se lograría un adecuado proceso de exportación de café, vía marítima. Para ello se desarrollaron las siguientes fases. Como primera fase para la elaboración de este trabajo, se realizó una recopilación de información acerca de las características principales del café en Colombia. La segunda fase se basó en el análisis del proceso general que se debe realizar para poder exportar el café en Colombia, a nivel de documentación, tramitología y logística. Para la tercera fase, se realizó un diagnóstico de la cadena de distribución física internacional del café. Por último, como cuarta fase se procedió a generar las posibles soluciones y recomendaciones. Lo anterior, con el fin de que el café Colombiano, pueda competir en mercados internacionales, al mejorar el proceso logístico.

Un análisis de la relación comercial entre Colombia y Estados Unidos en el marco de los acuerdos comerciales

Estados Unidos es el principal socio comercial de Colombia: es el país de destino del 36% de las exportaciones colombianas y el país de origen del 25% de las importaciones colombianas (DANE, 2011). La relación entre ambos profundizó sus lazos con el programa arancelario ATPA, luego ATPDEA, en virtud del cual al 80% de la oferta exportable de Colombia se le ofrecía ya sea con libre acceso al mercado estadounidense, o entrada con pago de arancel reducido. Posteriormente, la entrada en vigencia del TLC generó las bases para una relación comercial más profunda aún, que también incluyera beneficios para Estados Unidos y prolongara y profundizara los beneficios que Colombia ya recibía. Este trabajo se enfoca en analizar paso a paso el comportamiento del comercio entre ambos países a través de los años y, por supuesto, el comportamiento actual del comercio, teniendo siempre en cuenta el contexto económico mundial, así como el contexto económico bilateral.

Plan de negocios para la exportación de tarjetas de felicitación e internacionalización de la empresa alternativas expresión

Este trabajo muestra el plan de internacionalización de la empresa Alternativas Expresión, la cual está dedicada a la fabricación y comercialización de productos de expresión social como tarjetas, chocolates y empaques. De esta forma, el estudio se enfocó principalmente en la exportación de Tarjetas de Felicitación, se desarrollaron varias metodologías como el análisis del potencial exportador de la empresa y el estudio de la competencia nacional e internacional. Posteriormente se evaluaron variables macro económicas, comercio internacional y de selección, en once países del norte, centro y sur de América, de los cuales se seleccionaron tres mercados Estados Unidos, Chile y Panamá. Después de la fase de selección de mercados, se elaboró una descripción detallada de cada país seleccionado y se procedió a realizar el trabajo de campo para el país potencial, Estados Unidos. En donde se consideraron diferentes factores como demanda, producto, precio, canales de distribución, competencia, y distribución física internacional. Finalmente, se propuso un plan de mejoramiento para la empresa Alternativas Expresión, con el propósito de minimizar las debilidades que se identificaron en el estudio del potencial exportador y maximizar las oportunidades detalladas en el análisis de la competencia y el trabajo de campo en Estados Unidos.

Brand protection and the globalization of British business

In expanding on earlier analyses of the evolution of multinational business that have drawn from concepts of competition and innovation, this study examines the strategies used by British multinationals, between 1870 and 1929, to protect the global reputation of their brands, which were crucial to their survival and success. Even after the passage of new trademark legislation in 1876, enforcement of trademarks remained expensive, and often firms preferred to negotiate, rather than to prosecute violations. Many trademark imitators were based in the newly industrializing countries of the time—the United States, Germany, and Japan—and were part of the British export supply chains as licensees, franchisees, or wholesalers. British firms responded to infringements by lobbying governments, appointing local agents to provide intelligence, and collaborating with other firms.

The Export Base Model with a Supply-Side Stimulus to the Export Sector

Paper delivered at the Western Regional Science Association Annual Conference, Sedona, Arizona, February, 2010.

Report on the beef supply of the United States and the export trade in animal and meat products /

Mode of access: Internet.

British Columbia timber (and other forest products) for export : a world supply for a world market.

Mode of access: Internet.

Photosynthesis, Chlorophylls, and SPAD Readings in Coffee Leaves in Relation to Nitrogen Supply

The export of nitrogen (N) from senescent plant parts is important for the efficient use of this macronutrient. The objective of this study was to establish correlations among the photosynthetic pigment content, total N, and the photosynthetic variables with the SPAD-502 readings in Coffea arabica leaves. Correlations were established among the chlorophyll content, N content, and chlorophyll a and b with SPAD-502 readings taken on coffee leaves at different months. The results show that all variables decreased with time. However, correlation increased linearly with N doses. Total chlorophyll presented a direct linear correlation with readings of the portable chlorophyll meter. The SPAD readings have shown to be a good tool to diagnose the integrity of the photosynthetic system in coffee leaves. Thus, the portable chlorophyll SPAD-502 instrument can be used to evaluate the N status and can also help to evaluate the photosynthetic process in coffee plants.

Should Unilever JM export Cornettos to emergent countries?

Field Lab in Entrepreneurial Innovative Ventures