Learning in the working place: the educational potential of a multihead microscope in pathology postgraduate training.

Training future pathologists is an important mission of many hospital anatomic pathology departments. Apprenticeship-a process in which learning and teaching tightly intertwine with daily work, is one of the main educational methods in use in postgraduate medical training. However, patient care, including pathological diagnosis, often comes first, diagnostic priorities prevailing over educational ones. Recognition of the unique educational opportunities is a prerequisite for enhancing the postgraduate learning experience. The aim of this paper is to draw attention of senior pathologists with a role as supervisor in postgraduate training on the potential educational value of a multihead microscope, a common setting in pathology departments. After reporting on an informal observation of senior and junior pathologists' meetings around the multihead microscope in our department, we review the literature on current theories of learning to provide support to the high potential educational value of these meetings for postgraduate training in pathology. We also draw from the literature on learner-centered teaching some recommendations to better support learning in this particular context. Finally, we propose clues for further studies and effective instruction during meetings around a multihead microscope.

Comparison of methods in oral health education from the perspective of adolescents.

To investigate whether teenagers' knowledge about oral health is influenced by educational methods and to verify the most effective method according to their perception. The study was performed in Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, with 127 teenagers from a vocational school. It was realised in 3 steps: 1. An evaluation of knowledge about oral health using a self-applied questionnaire. 2. An application of educational methods, where the students were divided into two groups (A and B). Group A participated in three educational activities that involved lectures, individual demonstration, and participatory activity. Group B was divided into three subgroups (B1, B2, B3) and each of them participated in only one of the methods. 3. The acquired knowledge was evaluated. Group A created a focus group to give their opinion about strategies. With regards to knowledge after the application of the different methods in all groups, there was a statistically significant difference concerning periodontitis, gingivitis and herpes. In group A, after the three activities, and in group B2 after the individual demonstration, an association was found between 'healthy teeth' and 'general health' (P = 0.004 and P = 0.022, respectively). After the individual demonstration, an association was shown between variables of acquired knowledge about 'harmful diet' and 'dental caries' (P = 0.002) as well as 'good diet' and 'prevention of oral diseases' (P = 0.032). The favourite method was individual demonstration, due to the contact with educational materials, followed by participatory activity because it encouraged learning in a more dynamic way. Educational methods influenced knowledge about oral health, with individual demonstration proving to be the most effective method for acquiring knowledge. In the adolescents' view, the participatory activity was the preferred method.

O processo ensino-aprendizagem: relatório de estágio

I - Inserido no Concelho de Odivelas, cuja realidade e contexto sócio cultural realçam a problemática da diversidade cultural, colocando ao professor dúvidas e dificuldades emrelação às suas práticas educativas, o Conservatório de Música D. Dinis é a escola na qual leciono desde 1993. É também local de reflexão permanente quanto aos critérios e condições que devem nortear a prática pedagógica contemporânea na área da música, cujo objetivo assenta na formação integral do aluno através da utilização de estratégias de ensino que o responsabilizem na própria aprendizagem. Considerando estes desafios, o seguinte trabalho será realizado no contexto da minha classe de violino e incidirá sobre três alunos em particular, que frequentam os seguintes graus, a saber: 1 - Iniciação (1º ciclo do ensino básico); 2 - 2º grau (2º ciclo do ensino básico); 3 - 5º grau (3º ciclo do ensino básico). Apesar de acreditar nas suas capacidades de aprendizagem e ter um cuidado especial sobre as minhas ações e os efeitos destas na aprendizagem académica e social dos meus alunos, os resultados finais são reveladores da importância da motivação, do apoio parental e da responsabilidade dos alunos na obtenção do seu próprio sucesso escolar.

Revisión de los trabajos publicados sobre promoción de la salud en jóvenes españoles.

The objective of this study is to review the health promotion interventions on spanish youths published in Spanish in the 1995-2000 period and to describe them in accordance with the scope within which they have been carried out, the topics addressed, the methodology, the evaluation design used and the results obtained. Two hundred and fourteen intervention were identified. Illegal drugs were the topic on which the largest number of interventions were focused (29.8%), followed by alcohol (15.9%), the risk-related sexual behaviours (14.6%) and leisure time (12.6%). The activities carried out most often were: participation-based educational methods (30.7%), explanatory education methods (11.5%) and the preparation of educational materials (11%). In 80.8% of the cases, some evaluation of the health promotion activities was found. The type of evaluation employed most often was the process evaluation (73.7%), and the medium-long term results evaluation being those employed the least (2.2%). The evaluation methodologies used most often were questionnaires (28.2%). A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was employed in 13.2% of the cases. The four interventions in which the medium-long term impact was gauged had the purpose of preventing and reducing cigarette smoking and/or drinking and or marijuana smoking, all of these initiatives achieving a reduction in cigarette smoking. In conclusion, it seems necessary to improve the design of the evaluations of the health promotion initiatives addressed to young people in Spain and to increase the dissemination of the same by way of their publication.

Contribución del "e-Diario compartido", como experiencia pedagógica, para el desarrollo de las competencias transversales de pensamiento crítico-reflexivo y aprendizaje autónomo, en el Prácticum de la especialidad de maestros de Educación Física.

Este trabajo pretende ser, la exhibición de las competencias adquiridas en materia de investigación, a través de la integración coherente entre la reelaboración teórica, y el diseño de instrumentos de valoración que aporten evidencias válidas y confiables sobre la contribución del "e-Diario compartido", en el desarrollo de las competencias transversales de pensamiento crítico-reflexivo y aprendizaje autónomo.El trabajo representa una primera fase de elaboración, que debe ser profundizada en el futuro inmediato, y por ello plantea un marco general para la evaluación de la experiencia pedagógica: Uno, desde sus elementos conceptuales como innovación educativa que es, y; Dos, a través de sus resultados, en términos del aprendizaje de los participantes competencias desarrolladas.

Ensenyament presencial a l'aula. Anàlisi metodològica i avaluació dels coneixements adquirits

El treball que es presenta gira a l'entorn de la classe teòrica presencial, dissenyada segons les possibilitats d'aquesta classe quan es planteja per a un nombre elevat d'alumnes i es pretén la màxima implicació de l'estudiant. Analitza l'assistència a classe, el tipus de classe teòrica que s'imparteix i els resultats de les iniciatives preses per incentivar la participació activa. Els resultats demostren que els plantejaments didàctics són globalment adients en aquest context, fet que es reflecteix en la bona acceptació per part de l'alumne de les iniciatives proposades i en la millora notable del rendiment acadèmic, objectiu primordial del projecte REDICE-06 titulat Deconstrucció/construcció de l'ensenyament presencial, del qual forma part.

L’atenció a la diversitat i la inclusió a l’escola rural a la comarca de la Garrotxa: el cas de l’aprenentatge cooperatiu

L’estudi que es presenta a continuació pretén indagar en una part concreta i en auge constant del món educatiu: l’atenció a la diversitat mitjançant l’estructura cooperativa d’aprenentatge. L’estudi ha estat realitzat a partir d’un estudi de cas, l’objectiu del qual és analitzar, comprendre i plantejar pràctiques educatives dirigides a promoure la inclusió satisfactòria de tot l’alumnat; siguin quines siguin les seves característiques individuals vers l’aprenentatge. Els resultats observats mostren l'existència d'un fort vincle entre la millora de la cohesió del grup i la capacitat de rebre i donar ajudes per part de l'alumnat.

Ensenyament presencial a l'aula. Anàlisi metodològica i avaluació dels coneixements adquirits

El treball que es presenta gira a l'entorn de la classe teòrica presencial, dissenyada segons les possibilitats d'aquesta classe quan es planteja per a un nombre elevat d'alumnes i es pretén la màxima implicació de l'estudiant. Analitza l'assistència a classe, el tipus de classe teòrica que s'imparteix i els resultats de les iniciatives preses per incentivar la participació activa. Els resultats demostren que els plantejaments didàctics són globalment adients en aquest context, fet que es reflecteix en la bona acceptació per part de l'alumne de les iniciatives proposades i en la millora notable del rendiment acadèmic, objectiu primordial del projecte REDICE-06 titulat Deconstrucció/construcció de l'ensenyament presencial, del qual forma part.

Discursos crítics, pràctiques ètiques. Repensant la funció docent a la Universitat

El nexe d'unió com a professores va ser a partir de la preocupació i reflexió que anavem compartint sobre les nostres practiques a l'aula. El que sovint ens preguntavem era com podíem assumir el compromís perqué els nostres pressuposits educatius no ens tra'issin a I'hora de posar-los a la practica. La recerca d'aquesta coheréncia va fer-nos plantejar, analitzar i compartir els nostres suposits, sobretot pel que fa al sentit i a la visió del coneixement que transmetem relacionats amb un tipus determinat d'entendre la practica, és a dir, d'entendre les relacions amb I'alumnat, el tipus de tasques que es realitzen a classe i els processos d'avaluació que portem a terme. El que plantejarem a continuació és fruit, com hem dit, de les converses i reflexions que periodicament compartíem, pero també de les valoracions que, de manera anomina, realitzava I'alumnat de les nostres classes i d'algunes observacions que ens féiem mútuament. Agruparem les nostres reflexions a partir d'explorar tres temes: la transmissió del saber, I'enfocament pedagogic de la practica i les dificultats o limitacions d'uns estils determinats d'ensenyanya.

Elearning y la educación postmoderna: trayectorias y experiencias del estudiantado virtual

La emergencia y dinámica del Elearning, en los actuales escenarios de educación superior, evidencia una importante transformación acontecida en el marco de la sociedad de la información: la utilización de las TIC en los procesos de construcción del conocimiento. Este cambio ha ido de la mano, en primer lugar, de la mejora en la calidad y la oferta formativa existente, una oferta que ha buscado ser más inclusiva y representativa de las actuales demandas sociales. Y en segundo lugar, se trata de una modalidad que ha intentado adaptarse a las actuales características del estudiantado digital y del digitalizado (Prensky, 2006), cuyo rol en los proceso de enseñanza, tiende a ser más activo que en los modelos de formación tradicional. El presente artículo, se focaliza en esta segunda dimensión, analizando como el Elearning intenta ser un elemento de mediación entre las transformaciones actuales que se dan en la educación superior y la emergencia de un nuevo estudiantado virtual, cada vez más activo y autónomo.

Els codis QR: una eina per millorar l'hàbit lector dels alumnes

Les pràctiques educatives que es basen en una metodologia on s’integren les noves Tecnologies de la Informació i la Comunicació (TIC) són cada cop més influents en l’àmbit educatiu, ja que, ens acosten a la realitat de l’època en què vivim, la societat de la informació i l’alfabetització digital. Així, en aquest estudi s’investiga la motivació i l’adquisició de l’hàbit lector a través dels codis QR en un grup d’infants d’edats compreses entre cinc i sis anys d’Educació Infantil. A partir dels instruments de recollida de dades, com ara, l’entrevista, l’observació, els qüestionaris i la pròpia intervenció educativa, podem saber que la motivació de llegir contes i d’utilitzar les noves tecnologies augmenta en l’actitud dels infants. Pel que fa a l’aprenentatge i adquisició de l’hàbit lector, arribem a la conclusió que és un procés llarg i, segons l’entorn que té l’infant, hi influeix de manera positiva o negativa.

Patient education to support self-management of patients with mental illness

This study explores areas which need to be improved to develop the quality of patient education to support self-management of patients with mental illness in psychiatric hospitals. The study was conducted in five phases during the period 2000 – 2007. First, patients‘ (n = 313) satisfaction with patient education were investigated. Second, patients' (n = 51) experiences of patient education were explored. Third, a national survey was conducted to investigate realisation of patient education from the staff (n = 55) viewpoint. Fourth, outcomes of patient education were investigated by evaluating the impacts of different patient education methods on patients‘ (n = 311) attitudes towards medication, knowledge level and importance of information. Fifth, patients‘ (n = 16) perceptions of different patient education methods were explored. Patients reported poor satisfaction with patient education (Phase I), and they have considerable need to receive information during their hospital stay (Phase II). Described by staff, the content of patient education covered almost all informational areas investigated. However, discrepancies related to the realisation of patient education were found. (Phase III.) Evaluation of different patient education methods indicate that patients derived benefits from structured patient education with supportive methods (Phase IV) and patients also perceived that these methods supported their information receiving (Phase V). In order to improve the quality of patient education to support self-management of patients with mental illness patient education should be systematically and individually provided to all patients by using different educational methods. Realisation of this should be ensured by providing written instructions, improving nurses‘ knowledge and skills as well ensuring operating conditions.

Virtuaalisimuloinnin käytettävyys PF-suodattimien hydraulijärjestelmien koulutuksessa, analysoinnissa ja vianmäärityksessä

Tämän työn tavoitteena oli luoda koulutusmateriaalia PF-suodattimien hydraulijärjestelmien koulutusta varten sekä selvittää Automation Studio-ohjelmiston soveltuvuutta PF-suodattimien analysointiin ja vianmääritykseen. Työssä tutkittiin myös aktivoivien koulutusmenetelmien vaikutusta oppimisprosessiin. Työn tärkeimpinä tuloksina saatiin opetusvideot PF-suodattimien hydraulijärjestelmissä käytettävistä peruskomponenteista sekä järjestelmien toimintaa kuvaavat opetusvideot. Työssä käytettyä mallinnus- ja simulointiohjelmistoa ei voida nykyisellä ohjelmaversiolla täysin soveltaa PF-suodattimien vianmääritykseen tai analysointiin. Työssä selvennettiin menestyksekkään vianmäärityksen ja analysoinnin kannalta tarvittavat laajennustarpeet ohjelmistoon. Koulutuksesta kerätyn palautteen perusteella opetusvideot yhdistettynä aktivoiviin koulutusmenetelmiin helpottavat PF-suodattimien hydraulijärjestelmien koulutusta sekä edistävät oppimisprosessia. Aktivoivia koulutusmenetelmiä voidaan pitää erityisesti soveltuvina aikuiskoulutukseen.

School funding and education policy-making models in Ontario /

The purpose of this thesis is to examine various policy implementation models, and to determine what use they are to a government. In order to insure that governmental proposals are created and exercised in an effective manner, there roust be some guidelines in place which will assist in resolving difficult situations. All governments face the challenge of responding to public demand, by delivering the type of policy responses that will attempt to answer those demands. The problem for those people in positions of policy-making responsibility is to balance the competitive forces that would influence policy. This thesis examines provincial government policy in two unique cases. The first is the revolutionary recommendations brought forth in the Hall -Dennis Report. The second is the question of extending full -funding to the end of high school in the separate school system. These two cases illustrate how divergent and problematic the policy-making duties of any government may be. In order to respond to these political challenges decision-makers must have a clear understanding of what they are attempting to do. They must also have an assortment of policy-making models that will insure a policy response effectively deals with the issue under examination. A government must make every effort to insure that all policymaking methods are considered, and that the data gathered is inserted into the most appropriate model. Currently, there is considerable debate over the benefits of the progressive individualistic education approach as proposed by the Hall -Dennis Committee. This debate is usually intensified during periods of economic uncertainty. Periodically, the province will also experience brief yet equally intense debate on the question of separate school funding. At one level, this debate centres around the efficiency of maintaining two parallel education systems, but the debate frequently has undertones of the religious animosity common in Ontario's history. As a result of the two policy cases under study we may ask ourselves these questions: a) did the policies in question improve the general quality of life in the province? and b) did the policies unite the province? In the cases of educational instruction and finance the debate is ongoing and unsettling. Currently, there is a widespread belief that provincial students at the elementary and secondary levels of education are not being educated adequately to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century. The perceived culprit is individual education which sees students progressing through the system at their own pace and not meeting adequate education standards. The question of the finance of Catholic education occasionally rears its head in a painful fashion within the province. Some public school supporters tend to take extension as a personal religious defeat, rather than an opportunity to demonstrate that educational diversity can be accommodated within Canada's most populated province. This thesis is an attempt to analyze how successful provincial policy-implementation models were in answering public demand. A majority of the public did not demand additional separate school funding, yet it was put into place. The same majority did insist on an examination of educational methods, and the government did put changes in place. It will also demonstrate how policy if wisely created may spread additional benefits to the public at large. Catholic students currently enjoy a much improved financial contribution from the province, yet these additional funds were taken from somewhere. The public system had it funds reduced with what would appear to be minimal impact. This impact indicates that government policy is still sensitive to the strongly held convictions of those people in opposition to a given policy.

Le sensemaking collectif dans une équipe virtuelle

Les équipes virtuelles font l’objet de beaucoup d’attention depuis près de deux décennies. Elles font désormais partie des organisations qui ont dû s’ajuster à l’internationalisation des marchés. Elles sont aussi de plus en plus présentes dans les universités qui mettent en place des cours en environnement virtuel pour préparer leurs étudiants aux nouvelles réalités du marché du travail. Elles sont aussi le fruit des modes nées sous l’impulsion de l’approche constructiviste de la pédagogie. Les recherches qui s’intéressent a elles ont des préoccupations principalement téléologiques et utilitaristes qui donnent le point de vue des gestionnaires et des enseignants sur le phénomène. Peu de recherches se sont penchées sur l’expérience vécue par les membres de ces équipes. Par ailleurs, la volonté de dégager les lois générales des équipes virtuelles amène les chercheurs à l’amputer d’une partie de sa complexité. Notre recherche propose d’observer la manière dont des étudiants ont vécu leur expérience de collaboration en équipe virtuelle. Nous adoptons une posture interprétative et une approche narrative pour observer leur «sensemaking». Cette perspective nous permet de tenir compte de la complexité du phénomène. Nos questions de recherche sont : comment les étudiants font-ils sens de leur collaboration? Comment le «sensemaking» individuel contribue-t-il à construire le «sensemaking» collectif? Nos résultats nous renseignent sur l’importance que revêt le «sensegiving», pour les équipes virtuelles, dans la création de «sensemaking» collectif.