(99m)Tc-DPD-SPECT/CT predicts the outcome of imaging-guided diagnostic anaesthetic injections: A prospective cohort study

We hypothesized that bone SPECT combined with multiplanar reconstructed CT can identify and target the pain-inducing focus in the foot and can be used to successfully guide anaesthetic infiltrations. Therefore we prospectively investigated feasibility and predictive value of bone SPECT/CT for image guided diagnostic infiltrations in patients with chronic foot pain.

Predicting 5-fluorouracil toxicity: DPD genotype and 5,6-dihydrouracil:uracil ratio

AIM Decreased DPD activity is a major cause of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) toxicity, but known reduced-function variants in the DPD gene (DPYD) explain only a part of DPD-related 5-FU toxicities. Here, we evaluated the baseline (pretherapeutic) plasma 5,6-dihydrouracil:uracil (UH2:U) ratio as a marker of DPD activity in the context of DPYD genotypes. MATERIALS & METHODS DPYD variants were genotyped and plasma U, UH2 and 5-FU concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 320 healthy blood donors and 28 cancer patients receiving 5-FU-based chemotherapy. RESULTS Baseline UH2:U ratios were strongly correlated with generally low and highly variable U concentrations. Reduced-function DPYD variants were only weakly associated with lower baseline UH2:U ratios. However, the interindividual variability in the UH2:U ratio was reduced and a stronger correlation between ratios and 5-FU exposure was observed in cancer patients during 5-FU administration. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the baseline UH2:U plasma ratio in most individuals reflects the nonsaturated state of DPD and is not predictive of decreased DPD activity. It may, however, be highly predictive at increased substrate concentrations, as observed during 5-FU administration.

Verifying scalings for bending rigidity of bilayer membranes using mesoscale models

The bending rigidity kappa of bilayer membranes was studied with coarse grained soft repulsive potentials using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. Using a modified Andersen barostat to maintain the bilayers in a tensionless state, the bending rigidity was obtained from a Fourier analysis of the height fluctuations. From simulations carried out over a wide range of membrane thickness, the continuum scaling relation kappa proportional to d(2) was captured for both the L-alpha and L-beta phases. For membranes with 4 to 6 tail beads, the bending rigidity in the L-beta phase was found to be 10-15 times higher than that observed for the L-alpha phase. From the quadratic scalings obtained, a six fold increase in the area stretch modulus, k(A) was observed across the transition. The magnitude of increase in both kappa and k(A) from the L-alpha to the L-beta phase is consistent with current experimental observations in lipid bilayers and to our knowledge provides for the first time a direct evaluation of the mechanical properties in the L-beta phase.

Incremento de la productividad de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) a nivel de finca mediante la inoculación con Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Phaseoli

En el presente trabajo experimental se evaluó la respuesta a la inoculación de dos variedades de frijol común Phaseolus vulgaris L. con el objetivo de incrementar los rendimientos unitarios. Las variedades fueron DOR-364 y EST-90B, inoculadas con tres cepas de Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli (CR-477, KIM-5 y CIAT-613) bajo condiciones de labranza convencional en la localidad de San Lorenzo, ubicada a 1O km del municipio de La Trinidad en el departamento de Estelí. Este estudio se realizó en dos etapas, postrera (1993) y primera (1994). En la primera etapa experimental se aplicó el inoculante al suelo al momento de la siembra y en la segunda etapa la inoculación se hizo a la semilla. En la primera etapa se utilizaron dos inoculantes (KIM-5 y CR-477) comparados con dos testigos sin inocular, con bajo nitrógeno (20 kg/ha de N) y el testigo sin inocular y el otro con alto nitrógeno (90 kg/ha de N en forma fraccionada). En la segunda etapa experimental, los tratamientos inoculados (KIM-5, CR-477, CIAT-613 y mezcla de las tres cepas), se compararon siempre con dos testigos sin inocular, uno sin nitrógeno y otro con alto nitrógeno (50 kg/ha de N). El diseño utilizado para ambas fases fue el de parcelas divididas (DPD). En el primer ensayo las variables medidas fueron número y peso seco de nódulos, peso seco de la parte aérea en las etapas R6 y R8 así como el rendimiento de grano. En el segundo ensayo se hicieron las mismas mediciones con la excepción del peso seco de la parte aérea en la etapa R8 del cultivo. En el primer experimento hubo respuesta significativa a la inoculación con las cepas evaluadas en la etapa R8 del cultivo, mientras que en el segundo experimento no hubo respuesta significativa en el peso seco de la parte aérea en esta etapa, en donde el mejor tratamiento fue el fertilizado con alto nitrógeno en el primer ensayo. En la primera fase del estudio, el rendimiento aunque no significativo, se vio favorecido con la fertilización nitrogenada para ambas variedades. En el segundo experimento se observó diferencias significativas en el rendimiento de grano, obteniéndose los más altos rendimientos con el tratamiento CR-477 en ambas variedades. En este estudio los tratamientos fertilizados presentaron menor rendimiento comparado con los tratamientos sin nitrógeno.

Dissipative particle dynamics simulation of wettability alternation phenomena in the chemical flooding process

Wettability alternation phenomena is considered one of the most important enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mechanisms in the chemical flooding process and induced by the adsorption of surfactant on the rock surface. These phenomena are studied by a mesoscopic method named as dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). Both the alteration phenomena of water-wet to oil-wet and that of oil-wet to water-wet are simulated based on reasonable definition of interaction parameters between beads. The wetting hysteresis phenomenon and the process of oil-drops detachment from rock surfaces with different wettability are simulated by adding long-range external forces on the fluid particles. The simulation results show that, the oil drop is liable to spread on the oil-wetting surface and move in the form of liquid film flow, whereas it is likely to move as a whole on the water-wetting surface. There are the same phenomena occuring in wettability-alternated cases. The results also show that DPD method provides a feasible approach to the problems of seepage flow with physicochemical phenomena and can be used to study the mechanism of EOR of chemical flooding.

A 1Gb/s silicon photo-receiver in standard CMOS for 850-nm optical communication

A monolithic silicon CMOS optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) was designed and fabricated with standard 0.6 mu m CMOS technology. This OEIC circuit consisted of an integrated double photodiode detector (DPD) and a preamplifier. The DPD detector exhibited high bandwidth by screening the bulk-generated diffusion carriers and suppressing the slow diffusion tail effect. The preamplifier exploited the regulated cascode (RGC) configuration as the input stage of receiver, thus isolating the influence of photodiode capacitance and input parasitic capacitance on bandwidth. Testing results showed that the bandwidth of OEIC was 700MHz, indicating the bit rate of 1Gb/s was achieved.

胶体体系的固化及分离过程的计算机模拟

胶体体系是自然界很重要的组成部分，广泛应用于工业生产和日常生活中。胶体体系在固化的过程中，会形成有序的晶体结构或无序的玻璃态结构。对胶体的结晶和玻璃化的认识对研究相变理论，纳米材料以及自组装有着重要的意义。事实上，在这一领域存在着许多悬而未决的问题。另一方面，胶体的分离也是胶体科学研究中不可或缺的步骤。特别是近年来微流器件技术的进步为流体动力学色谱分离方法带来了进一步发展的机会，这为胶体的分离提供了非常有效的实验手段。然而，由于实际应用过程的复杂性，理论方法还不足以深入探讨胶体粒子体系固化和分离的本质。作为一种可以直接反映物理过程的研究方法，计算机模拟成为一种有效的研究胶体粒子固化和分离的手段。 硬球模型是一种最简单的胶体粒子体系，能够很好地描述具有体积排斥作用的胶体粒子的行为，因此，对于胶体粒子体系固化问题，我们采用分子动力学方法研究了硬球粒子体系的固化过程。此外，对于胶体和高分子体系的分离过程，我们主要采用耗散分子动力学（dissipative particle dynamics DPD）进行研究。论文的主要内容包括： 1)采用硬球分子动力学模型，研究了胶体颗粒在不同的压缩速率下得到的堆积态的结构异质性。我们应用Lubachevsky-Stillinger方法，在不同的压缩速率下得到了一系列的结构受限的硬球堆积状态。这些体系的有序度随着压缩速率的减小而增加，而体系的密度则是先增加后减小又增加，在中间压缩速率时出现最小值。通过测量体系中的局域序参量分布，粒子位置的均方根涨落分布和直接观察受限粒子的位置，发现这些状态中包含有无规区域和结晶区域，存在显著的结构异质性。特别的是低密度状态中许多小的有序区域互相连接成贯穿体系的逾渗网络，说明晶区之间的结构不匹配是生成这些状态的重要机理。 2)用DPD方法模拟了线性高分子链和星形高分子链在穿越纳米孔道的输运过程。对复合管道中小管的半径分别为2.5 和2.0 的两种情况进行了研究。在各种情况下我们都发现了存在一个临界流量Jc，只有当流量大于Jc的时候高分子才能进入纳米孔洞。对于线性高分子，长链的高分子进入同样粗细的小管所需要的临界流量比短链大。线性链和星形链在半径是2.0小管子中的临界流量比通过半径2.5的管子的临界流量大，或者近似相同。在半径2.5的小管中，星形高分子的临界流量要大于同等尺寸的线性高分子。此外，我们没有观察到不同接枝数的星形高分子的临界流量之间的差异。出现这种情况的原因可能是DPD模型中粒子间的相互作用势能很软，所以不能很好地体现出不同接枝数的星形高分子在位阻上的差异。 3）我们利用DPD方法模拟了圆柱形管道中线性高分子链的输运过程。比较了模拟得到的高分子保留时间和DG理论预测值之间的差异。发现分子量越大的高分子对DG理论的偏离越显著。计算了高分子链在流动过程中伸长的情况，发现了链的伸长率S与Weissenberg number 有着明确的标度关系。与狭缝中的情况类似，对于圆柱型管道中流动的线性高分子，如果采用修饰过的Peclet number，则能够更好地满足Aris-Taylor分散的标度关系。 4)我们建立了纳米粒子在DPD模拟的动力学模型，研究了在本体溶液中纳米粒子的自扩散系数和速度关联函数对与胶体粒子的半径定性关系。发现纳米粒子的扩散系数随粒子半径的增加而减小。纳米粒子的半径越大，其速度关联函数的衰减越慢，同样大小纳米粒子的质量越大，其速度关联函数衰减得越慢。我们进一步模拟了在狭缝中纳米粒子的输运过程。通过观察流体受限方向的流速曲线，我们发现由于与器壁之间的体积排斥作用，使得纳米粒子远离流体的边界。对Aris-Taylor分散的研究结果表明，在λ不大的时候，应用不同的Peclet numbers 对分散方程结果的影响不大。

Bandwidth Design for CMOS Monolithic Photoreceiver

A monolithic photoreceiver which consists of a double photodiode (DPD) detector and a regulated cascade(RGC) transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is designed. The small signal circuit model of DPD is given and the band width design method of a monolithic photoreceiver is presented. An important factor which limits the bandwidth of DPD detector and the photoreceiver is presented and analyzed in detail. A monolithic photoreceiver with 1.71GHz bandwidth and 49dB transimpedance gain is designed and simulated by applying a low-cost 0. 6um CMOS process and the test result is given.

耗散粒子动力学处理复杂固体壁面的一种有效方法

耗散粒子动力学(dissipative particle dynamics,DPD)作为一种介观尺度拉格朗日型粒子方法,已经成功地应用于微纳米流动和生化科技的研究中. 复杂固体壁面的处理和壁面边界条件的实施一直是DPD方法发展及应用的一个障碍. 提出了处理复杂固体壁面的一种新的方法. 复杂固体区域通过冻结随机分布并且达到平衡状态的DPD粒子代表;所冻结的DPD粒子位于临近流动区域的一个截距内;在靠近固体壁面的流动区域中设置流动反弹层,当流动DPD粒子进入此流动层后反弹回流动区域. 应用这种固体壁面处理方法.

Manejo integrado da traça-do-tomateiro (Tuta absoluta) em sistema de produção integrada de tomate indústria (PITI).

2009

Avaliação do sistema radicular e de rizomas de um campo natural diferido em Bagé, RS.

A utilização do Campo Sulino natural na pecuária de forma cada vez mais intensa e constante tem provocado a diminuição da sua condição produtiva. A excessiva remoção da parte aérea afeta o desenvolvimento das raízes. Um sistema radicular bem desenvolvido permite às plantas forrageiras explorar maior volume de solo, melhorando a absorção de água e nutrientes. As raízes também funcionam como órgão de reserva, assegurando rápida rebrota e produtividade das plantas forrageiras. O diferimento é uma prática de manejo de pastagens que pode ajudar a recuperar o campo por meio de descanso programado durante um tempo determinado. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito do tratamento de diferimento sobre o sistema radicular de campo natural após três anos de aplicação (agosto de 2000 a julho de 2003) na Embrapa Pecuária Sul (Bagé, RS). As avaliações foram realizadas no campo com presença animal durante todo o ano e sob diferimento de verão/outono (sem animais na área de março a junho). Foram coletadas 18 amostras de solo em cada tratamento, nas profundidades de 0?10 cm e 10?20 cm. As raízes e os rizomas foram separados do solo e entre si, secos e pesados. Houve diferença (p<0,05) para a porcentagem de raízes e a massa da matéria seca de rizomas. A testemunha apresentou 83,98% das raízes na camada de 0?10 cm e o diferimento, 77,5%. Na camada de 10?20 cm, sob diferimento houve aumento de 35% de raízes em relação à testemunha. A maior massa de matéria seca de rizomas foi obtida em pastagem sob diferimento, com 106% a mais em comparação à testemunha. Os resultados indicam vantagem do descanso da pastagem dos Campos Sulinos, tanto no acúmulo de reservas (maior quantidade de rizomas) voltado à propagação de gramíneas rizomatosas de interesse, quanto também no desenvolvimento de raízes na camada de 10?20 cm.

A murcha-bacteriana (Ralstonia solanacearum) em pimenta longa (Piper hispidinervium).

A murcha-bacteriana é a principal doença vascular de plantas em todo o mundo. É causada pela bactéria Ralstonia solanacearum e ocorre em todas as regiões do Brasil, principalmente nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste em que predominam temperaturas e umidades elevadas

Avaliação do comportamento de genótipos de bananeira à sigatoka-negra no estado do Acre.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar 33 genótipos de bananeira presentes na coleção da Embrapa Acre, quanto à resistência à sigatoka-negra.

Protocolo para determinação de açúcares totais em hortaliças pelo método de DNS.

2013