Movimientos nacionalistas en el fútbol: de las paredes a las canchas. estudio de caso: F.C Barcelona y Plataforma Som una Nació 1982 – 1996

El Catalanismo es un fenómeno sociopolítico que ha sido analizado por académicos de todos los niveles, documentado de manera mediática y debatido en múltiples espacios multidimensionales; pero las relaciones entre el nacionalismo catalán con espacios alternativos como el Fútbol, su posterior transformación del escenario deportivo, aterrizándolo en un escenario con dimensiones y unidades típicas de una arena sociopolítica convencional, es un tema que carece de profusión académica. Es en esta penumbra cognoscitiva, donde este trabajo recurre a las definiciones multidisciplinares alrededor de espacios de Baja Cultura como el Fútbol, conjugándolas con las teorías de creación de movimientos sociopolíticos excluidos como el separatismo catalán, existentes en las perspectivas teóricas de Ernesto Laclau, Jacob Torfing y Armando Durán. Dicho ejercicio permitirá el entendimiento de cómo la lucha identitaria, la acción política no violenta y la reivindicación nacionalista en Cataluña colonizó un escenario incluyente, hasta los días que se viven hoy.

A territorial model of commuting in Catalonia, 1986-1996

Commuting consists in the fact that an important fraction of workers in developed countries do not reside close to their workplaces but at long distances from them, so they have to travel to their jobs and then back home daily. Although most workers hold a job in the same municipality where they live or in a neighbouring one, an important fraction of workers face long daily trips to get to their workplace and then back home.Even if we divide Catalonia (Spain) in small aggregations of municipalities, trying to make them as close to local labour markets as possible, we will find out that some of them have a positive commuting balance, attracting many workers from other areas and providing local jobs for almost all their resident workers. On the other side, other zones seem to be mostly residential, so an important fraction of their resident workers hold jobs in different local labour markets. Which variables influence an area¿s role as an attraction pole or a residential zone? In previous papers (Artís et al, 1998a, 2000; Romaní, 1999) we have brought out the main individual variables that influence commuting by analysing a sample of Catalan workers and their commuting decisions. In this paper we perform an analysis of the territorial variables that influence commuting, using data for aggregate commuting flows in Catalonia from the 1991 and 1996 Spanish Population Censuses.These variables influence commuting in two different ways: a zone with a dense, welldeveloped economical structure will have a high density of jobs. Work demand cannot be fulfilled with resident workers, so it spills over local boundaries. On the other side, this economical activity has a series of side-effects like pollution, congestion or high land prices which make these areas less desirable to live in. Workers who can afford it may prefer to live in less populated, less congested zones, where they can find cheaper land, larger homes and a better quality of life. The penalty of this decision is an increased commuting time. Our aim in this paper is to highlight the influence of local economical structure and amenities endowment in the workplace-residence location decision. A place-to-place logit commuting models is estimated for 1991 and 1996 in order to find the economical and amenities variables with higher influence in commuting decisions. From these models, we can outline a first approximation to the evolution of these variables in the 1986-1996 period. Data have been obtained from aggregate flow travel-matrix from the 1986, 1991 and 1996 Spanish Population Censuses

A territorial model of commuting in Catalonia, 1986-1996

Commuting consists in the fact that an important fraction of workers in developed countries do not reside close to their workplaces but at long distances from them, so they have to travel to their jobs and then back home daily. Although most workers hold a job in the same municipality where they live or in a neighbouring one, an important fraction of workers face long daily trips to get to their workplace and then back home.Even if we divide Catalonia (Spain) in small aggregations of municipalities, trying to make them as close to local labour markets as possible, we will find out that some of them have a positive commuting balance, attracting many workers from other areas and providing local jobs for almost all their resident workers. On the other side, other zones seem to be mostly residential, so an important fraction of their resident workers hold jobs in different local labour markets. Which variables influence an area¿s role as an attraction pole or a residential zone? In previous papers (Artís et al, 1998a, 2000; Romaní, 1999) we have brought out the main individual variables that influence commuting by analysing a sample of Catalan workers and their commuting decisions. In this paper we perform an analysis of the territorial variables that influence commuting, using data for aggregate commuting flows in Catalonia from the 1991 and 1996 Spanish Population Censuses.These variables influence commuting in two different ways: a zone with a dense, welldeveloped economical structure will have a high density of jobs. Work demand cannot be fulfilled with resident workers, so it spills over local boundaries. On the other side, this economical activity has a series of side-effects like pollution, congestion or high land prices which make these areas less desirable to live in. Workers who can afford it may prefer to live in less populated, less congested zones, where they can find cheaper land, larger homes and a better quality of life. The penalty of this decision is an increased commuting time. Our aim in this paper is to highlight the influence of local economical structure and amenities endowment in the workplace-residence location decision. A place-to-place logit commuting models is estimated for 1991 and 1996 in order to find the economical and amenities variables with higher influence in commuting decisions. From these models, we can outline a first approximation to the evolution of these variables in the 1986-1996 period. Data have been obtained from aggregate flow travel-matrix from the 1986, 1991 and 1996 Spanish Population Censuses

An analysis of the evolution of hydrometeorological extremes in newspapers: the case of Catalonia, 1982-2006

This contribution analyzes the evolution of perception of certain natural hazards over the past 25 years in a Mediterranean region. Articles from newspapers have been used as indicator. To this end a specific Spanish journal has been considered and an ACCESS database has been created with the summarized information from each news item. The database includes data such as the location of each specific article in the newspaper, its length, the number of pictures and figures, the headlines and a summary of the published information, including all the instrumental data. The study focused on hydrometeorological extremes, mainly floods and droughts, in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. The number of headlines per event, trends and other data have been analyzed and compared with "measured" information, in order to identify any bias that could lead to an erroneous perception of the phenomenon. The SPI index (a drought index based on standardized accumulated precipitation) has been calculated for the entire region, and has been used for the drought analysis, while a geodatabase implemented on a GIS built for all the floods recorded in Catalonia since 1900 (INUNGAMA) has been used to analyze flood evolution. Results from a questionnaire about the impact of natural hazards in two specific places have been also used to discuss the various perceptions between rural and urban settings. Results show a better correlation between the news about drought or water scarcity and SPI than between news on floods in Catalonia and the INUNGAMA database. A positive trend has been found for non-catastrophic floods, which is explained by decrease of the perception thresholds, the increase of population density in the most flood-prone areas and changes in land use.

Sobre las novelas de Andrés Rivera (1982-1996)

El trabajo adopta como corpus las novelas publicadas por Rivera a partir de Nada que perder y procura clasificar ese corpus de nueve novelas en cuatro grupos. Caracteriza las 'políticas de la escritura' de esas novelas a partir de la diferenciación creciente respecto del 'redentorismo social', de la herencia romántica del color local, y de la síntesis con el lenguaje periodístico que postula la non-fiction. Desde esta caracterización se plantea la compleja relación entre ciertos textos de Rivera y la novela histórica como género canonizado; con ese fin, se sitúa a esos textos en una genealogía reciente en la literatura argentina que parte de Zama y llega hasta El farmer. Con relación a las causas que originan la proliferación de textos ficcionales que recuperan la materia histórica, el trabajo arriesga una hipótesis de doble distanciamiento: respecto de las vanguardias y respecto de la historiografía, ya que en ambos casos se constata el abandono del relato como modo de exposición de la experiencia histórica. Por último, se agrega una nota sobre la 'imagen de escritor' de Rivera y la eventual conexión de esa imagen con la génesis de su estética

Sobre las novelas de Andrés Rivera (1982-1996)

El trabajo adopta como corpus las novelas publicadas por Rivera a partir de Nada que perder y procura clasificar ese corpus de nueve novelas en cuatro grupos. Caracteriza las 'políticas de la escritura' de esas novelas a partir de la diferenciación creciente respecto del 'redentorismo social', de la herencia romántica del color local, y de la síntesis con el lenguaje periodístico que postula la non-fiction. Desde esta caracterización se plantea la compleja relación entre ciertos textos de Rivera y la novela histórica como género canonizado; con ese fin, se sitúa a esos textos en una genealogía reciente en la literatura argentina que parte de Zama y llega hasta El farmer. Con relación a las causas que originan la proliferación de textos ficcionales que recuperan la materia histórica, el trabajo arriesga una hipótesis de doble distanciamiento: respecto de las vanguardias y respecto de la historiografía, ya que en ambos casos se constata el abandono del relato como modo de exposición de la experiencia histórica. Por último, se agrega una nota sobre la 'imagen de escritor' de Rivera y la eventual conexión de esa imagen con la génesis de su estética

Sobre las novelas de Andrés Rivera (1982-1996)

El trabajo adopta como corpus las novelas publicadas por Rivera a partir de Nada que perder y procura clasificar ese corpus de nueve novelas en cuatro grupos. Caracteriza las 'políticas de la escritura' de esas novelas a partir de la diferenciación creciente respecto del 'redentorismo social', de la herencia romántica del color local, y de la síntesis con el lenguaje periodístico que postula la non-fiction. Desde esta caracterización se plantea la compleja relación entre ciertos textos de Rivera y la novela histórica como género canonizado; con ese fin, se sitúa a esos textos en una genealogía reciente en la literatura argentina que parte de Zama y llega hasta El farmer. Con relación a las causas que originan la proliferación de textos ficcionales que recuperan la materia histórica, el trabajo arriesga una hipótesis de doble distanciamiento: respecto de las vanguardias y respecto de la historiografía, ya que en ambos casos se constata el abandono del relato como modo de exposición de la experiencia histórica. Por último, se agrega una nota sobre la 'imagen de escritor' de Rivera y la eventual conexión de esa imagen con la génesis de su estética

Online versus postal questionnaires: a comparison between two data collection methods

Objectives : The purpose of this article is to find out differences between surveys using paper and online questionnaires. The author has deep knowledge in the case of questions concerning opinions in the development of survey based research, e.g. the limits of postal and online questionnaires. Methods : In the physician studies carried out in 1995 (doctors graduated in 1982-1991), 2000 (doctors graduated in 1982-1996), 2005 (doctors graduated in 1982-2001), 2011 (doctors graduated in 1977-2006) and 457 family doctors in 2000, were used paper and online questionnaires. The response rates were 64%, 68%, 64%, 49% and 73%, respectively. Results : The results of the physician studies showed that there were differences between methods. These differences were connected with using paper-based questionnaire and online questionnaire and response rate. The online-based survey gave a lower response rate than the postal survey. The major advantages of online survey were short response time; very low financial resource needs and data were directly loaded in the data analysis software, thus saved time and resources associated with the data entry process. Conclusions : The current article helps researchers with planning the study design and choosing of the right data collection method.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of the new targeted anticancer agents imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, sunitinib, sorafenib and lapatinib by LC tandem mass spectrometry.

The treatment of some cancer patients has shifted from traditional, non-specific cytotoxic chemotherapy to chronic treatment with molecular targeted therapies. Imatinib mesylate, a selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinases (TKIs) is the most prominent example of this new era and has opened the way to the development of several additional TKIs, including sunitinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, sorafenib and lapatinib, in the treatment of various hematological malignancies and solid tumors. All these agents are characterized by an important inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability, are at risk for drug interactions, and are not devoid of toxicity. Additionally, they are administered for prolonged periods, anticipating the careful monitoring of their plasma exposure via Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) to be an important component of patients' follow-up. We have developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) requiring 100 microL of plasma for the simultaneous determination of the six major TKIs currently in use. Plasma is purified by protein precipitation and the supernatant is diluted in ammonium formate 20 mM (pH 4.0) 1:2. Reverse-phase chromatographic separation of TKIs is obtained using a gradient elution of 20 mM ammonium formate pH 2.2 and acetonitrile containing 1% formic acid, followed by rinsing and re-equilibration to the initial solvent composition up to 20 min. Analyte quantification, using matrix-matched calibration samples, is performed by electro-spray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry by selected reaction monitoring detection using the positive mode. The method was validated according to FDA recommendations, including assessment of extraction yield, matrix effects variability (<9.6%), overall process efficiency (87.1-104.2%), as well as TKIs short- and long-term stability in plasma. The method is precise (inter-day CV%: 1.3-9.4%), accurate (-9.2 to +9.9%) and sensitive (lower limits of quantification comprised between 1 and 10 ng/mL). This is the first broad-range LC-MS/MS assay covering the major currently in-use TKIs. It is an improvement over previous methods in terms of convenience (a single extraction procedure for six major TKIs, reducing significantly the analytical time), sensitivity, selectivity and throughput. It may contribute to filling the current knowledge gaps in the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics relationships of the latest TKIs developed after imatinib and better define their therapeutic ranges in different patient populations in order to evaluate whether a systematic TDM-guided dose adjustment of these anticancer drugs could contribute to minimize the risk of major adverse reactions and to increase the probability of efficient, long lasting, therapeutic response.

El discurso sobre el actual proceso de paz en la revista Semana (2012-2014)

Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre el discurso del actual proceso de paz en la revista Semana entre los años 2012 a 2014, dada la relevancia de la participación de los medios de comunicación en un proceso trascendental para el futuro del país y la reconciliación de la sociedad. El objetivo es describir qué estrategias argumentativas usa la revista a partir de las noticias sobre el proceso de paz durante este periodo. La metodología utilizada se basó en los esquemas argumentativos (topoi), los cuales se identificaron de acuerdo con la estrategia argumentativa que propone Ruth Wodak. Partiendo del análisis de los topoi se encontró que de manera general el discurso de la revista frente a los diálogos de paz maneja un tono positivo y a favor del proceso, incluso antes de que se hiciera el anuncio formal de las negociaciones, además se evidenció que frecuentemente se trata de resaltar y visualizar la labor del gobierno del presidente Juan Manuel Santos.

La investigaci??n educativa financiada por el CIDE desde su creaci??n : an??lisis bibliogr??fico de las revisiones publicadas por este Centro entre 1993 y 1997

Contiene: 'D??ez a??os de investigaci??n sobre profesorado'; 'D??ez a??os de investigaci??n e innovaci??n en ense??anza de las Ciencias'; 'Historia de la educaci??n en la Espa??a contempor??nea. D??ez a??os de investigaci??n'; 'Evaluaci??n de programas y de centros educativos. D??ez a??os de investigaci??n'; 'D??ez a??os de investigaci??n educativa. Cat??logo 1983-1994'; 'Investigaci??n y did??ctica de las Matem??ticas'; 'Las desigualdades en educaci??n. Catorce a??os de investigaci??n (1982-1996)'

Civilian labor force estimates for Maine and its substate areas.

"A statistical data series developed by the Labor Market Evaluation and Planning Section."

Aperfeicoamento do sistema de producao de melancia em areas irrigadas.

A cultura da melancia, variedade Charleston Gray, vem se comportando muito bem no submedio Sao Francisco, no Nordeste do Brasil, a producao estilar vem limitando o desenvolvimento da cultura na regiao, provocando perdas que podem atingir 40% da produtividade. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo conduzido com dois tratamentos, um modificado e outro tradicional. Este representou a temologia dos produtores, aquele utilizou as inovacoes tecnologicas recomendades pela pesquisa. O principal resultado obtido com o tratamento diz respeito a reducao da podridao estilar.

Desempenho operacional de chassis porta-implementos para aracao e sulcamento.

O desempenho operacional dos tres tipos de chassi porta-implementos denominados Multicultor CPATSA, Multicultor CPATSA II e Policultor PONTAL foi avaliado para as operacoes de aracao e sulcamento no Campo Experimental do Bebedouro, do Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Tropico Semi-Arido, da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (CPATSA-EMBRAPA) Petrolina,PE. Os fatores quantificados foram a velocidade de operacao, tempo de giro e capacidade de campo, usando a mesma junta de bois e operador para cada chassi e operacao. A capacidade de campo variou de 436 a 742 m2/h por aracao e de 2.664 a 3.428 m2/h por sulcamento sem efeito significativo do tipo de chassi usado. As medias gerais de velocidade de operacao e tempo de giro foram de 0,926 m/s e 23 s, respectivamente, nao havendo diferenca significativa entre as operacoes, os tipos de chassis e varias etapas durante o trabalho diario. Os valores da capacidade de campo estimados pelas medias gerais de velocidade de operacao e o tempo de giro variaram em relacao aos valores observados durante a experimentacao, em media de + 15,2% para a aracao e - 15,67% para o sulcamento.