Epidemiological and environmental aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in children under 15 years of age between 2007 and 2012 in the City of Aragua��na, State of Tocantins, Brazil

Introduction Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) stands out as a zoonosis observed on four continents and also in urban expansion zones in several regions of Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological study of VL cases in children under 15 years of age in the period from 2007 to 2012. Clinical data were gathered from medical reports; meteorological data were obtained at the Meteorological Measurement Department of UFT. Environmental variables were divided into two periods, rainy and dry. Results The study revealed no difference by gender (p=0.67) among the 821 patients. However, the most affected age group was between one and five years of age (58.6%; p<0.01); the highest prevalence of the disease (99.03%; p<0.01) occurred in urban zones; and the most affected ethnic group (85.5%; p<0.01) was mixed race. The highest incidence coefficients in this population occurred in 2007 and 2008 (578.39/100,000 inhabitants; 18.5/100,000 inhabitants, respectively), whereas the highest lethality coefficients occurred in 2008 and 2011 (0.85/100 deaths). There was no significant correlation between average rainfall and the number of VL cases. The correlation between temperature and number of VL cases was negative (r = -0.4039; p<0.01). Conclusions In Aragua&#237;na, visceral leishmaniasis in children under 15 years is an urban-based endemic disease distributed across all districts of the city wherein temperature as an environmental factor, a higher prevalence in mixed race children between one and five years of age, and a high incidence coefficient all strongly contribute to child mortality.

Harmonization ofsignificant environmental aspects and their risk assessment in UPM paper and pulp mills

Ty��n tavoite onharmonisoida yhten��iset rakenteet UPM:n paperi- ja sellutehtaiden merkitt��villeymp��rist��n��k��kohdille sek�� niiden ymp��rist��riskienhallintaj��rjestelmille. N��in saavutetaan yhtenev��iset tavoitteet ja analysointikeinot yrityksen yksik��ille. Harmonisointiprosessi on osa koko yrityksen ymp��rist��hallintaj��rjestelm��n kehitt��mist��. Ja konsernin EMS -prosessi puolestaan konvergoi konsernin integroidun johtamisj��rjestelm��n kehityst��. Lis��ksi ty��n tapaustutkimuksessa selvitettiin riskienhallintaj��rjestelmien integroitumispotentiaalia. Sen avulla saavutettaisiin paremmin suuren yrityksen synergia-etuja ja vuorovaikutteisuutta toimijoiden kesken, sek�� parannettaisiin riskienhallintaj��rjestelm��n mukautuvuutta ja k��ytett��vyytt��. Ty��ss�� k��sitell����n kolmea esimerkki��, joiden pohjalta tehd����n esitys harmonisoiduille merkitt��ville ymp��rist��n��k��kohdille sek�� riskienhallintaj��rjestelmien parametreille. Tutkimusongelmaa l��hestyt����n haastattelujen, kirjallisuuden, yrityksen PWC:ll�� teett��m��n selvityksen sek�� omien p����telmien avulla. Lis��ksi ty��ss�� esitet����n ymp��rist��hallintaj��rjestelm��n tehokkuuden todentaminen ymp��rist��suorituskyvyn muuttujiin suhteutettuna. Pohjana jatkuvan kehityksen p����m����r��lle on organisaatio-oppiminen, niin yksitt��isen ty��ntekij��n, tiimien kuin eri yksik��iden kesken. Se antaa sys��yksen aineettoman omaisuuden, kuten ymp��rist��-osaamisen, hy��dynt��miseen parhaalla mahdollisella tavalla. T��rkeimpin�� lopputuloksina ty��ss�� ovat ehdotukset harmonisoiduille merkitt��ville ymp��rist��n��k��kohdille sek�� ymp��rist��riskienhallintaj��rjestelm��n m����ritetyille komponenteille. Niit�� ovat m����ritelm��t ja skaalat riskien todenn��k��isyydelle, seurauksille sek�� riskiluokille. Ty��n viimeisen�� osana luodaan pohja tapaustutkimuksen avulla Rauman tehtaan j��tevedenpuhdistamon kahden erilaisen riskienhallintaj��rjestelm��n integroitumiselle.

Integrating environmental aspects into product development process

Various regulations and customer requirements have made it necessary for Vacon Oyj to pay more attention to the environmental aspects in its processes. The main purpose of this master���s thesis project is to define how environmental aspects could be integrated into Vacon���s product development process. The aim is to find out the most important environmental aspects for the company to address, to examine how these could be taken into account during the development process and to map the critical factors that need consideration in order to ensure the successful integration of environmental aspects into the design process. Based on the customer requirements and evolving regulations the most important aspects for Vacon include minimizing the amount of harmful substances, improving the recyclability and energy efficiency of the product and moreover providing meaningful information related to these aspects. To tackle these issues, a new DfE process was developed, tasks in each phase were described and responsibilities were indicated. To ensure the success of the DfE process, management commitment, support of other processes and significant improvements in ways the information is managed are required. The developers should be provided with training and support. Environmental expertise and knowledge in-house should be developed and establishing meaningful environmental indicators is suggested.

Symposium proceedings : Environmental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology, II, December 1975, Hollywood, Florida /

Mode of access: Internet.

Environmental aspects of the North American Free Trade Agreement : hearing before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, March 16, 1993.

Shipping list no.: 93-0331-P.

Environmental aspects of water spreading for ground-water recharge /

Bibliography: p. 19-21.

Department of Energy's facilities for defense materials production : hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy Research and Development of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session, on the public health and safety and environmental aspects of operation ... July 17, 1987.

Pt. 2 has subtitle: Hearings before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session, on the status of the Department of Energy's effects to address issues concerning the defense materials production reactors ... October 27 and 29, 1987.

Estudio y propuestas de tratamiento de PPCP���s en aguas residuales

La reutilizaci��n de las aguas residuales es una parte esencial del uso sostenible del agua. Sin embargo, las actuales plantas de tratamiento no est��n preparadas para tratar determinados compuestos como los llamados ���contaminantes emergentes���. Los h��bitos de consumo actuales estan generando una serie de residuos o microcontaminantes que hace tan solo unos a��os no existian. Entre esas nuevas sustancias aparecen los PPCP���s (Pharmaceuticals & Personal Care Products) que son un amplio grupo de compuestos qu��micos utilizados en veterinaria, pr��cticas agr��colas, salut humana y cosmetolog��a. El mayor problema que presentan estas substancias en la actualidad es el parcial desconocimiento sobre sus efectos, la ausencia de reglamentaciones que determinen las concentraciones m��ximas admisibles en los cauces de vertido, la reducci��n en procesos de depuraci��n convencionales, as�� como los tratamientos espec��ficos aplicables a su eliminaci��n. Los objetivos del presente proyecto s��n: estudiar las tipolog��as de PPCP���s y sus influencias para la salud humana y el medio ambiente, estudiar los diferentes sistemas de tratamiento de aguas existentes en plantas depuradoras y evaluar su eficiencia en la depuraci��n de PPCP

Estudio y propuestas de tratamiento de PPCP���s en aguas residuales

La reutilizaci��n de las aguas residuales es una parte esencial del uso sostenible del agua. Sin embargo, las actuales plantas de tratamiento no est��n preparadas para tratar determinados compuestos como los llamados ���contaminantes emergentes���. Los h��bitos de consumo actuales estan generando una serie de residuos o microcontaminantes que hace tan solo unos a��os no existian. Entre esas nuevas sustancias aparecen los PPCP���s (Pharmaceuticals & Personal Care Products) que son un amplio grupo de compuestos qu��micos utilizados en veterinaria, pr��cticas agr��colas, salut humana y cosmetolog��a. El mayor problema que presentan estas substancias en la actualidad es el parcial desconocimiento sobre sus efectos, la ausencia de reglamentaciones que determinen las concentraciones m��ximas admisibles en los cauces de vertido, la reducci��n en procesos de depuraci��n convencionales, as�� como los tratamientos espec��ficos aplicables a su eliminaci��n. Los objetivos del presente proyecto s��n: estudiar las tipolog��as de PPCP���s y sus influencias para la salud humana y el medio ambiente, estudiar los diferentes sistemas de tratamiento de aguas existentes en plantas depuradoras y evaluar su eficiencia en la depuraci��n de PPCP

In the eye of the storm: exploring the introduction of environmental issues in the production function in Brazilian companies

This article aims to analyse the introduction of environmental issues in the context of the production function, which has been referred to as the organisational area to lead corporate environmental management. With that purpose, the theoretical references for corporate environmental management and the necessary alterations in production function have been organised to include environmental aspects, especially in terms of product and process development, quality management, and logistics. Considering that this research field still lacks empirical evidence for Brazilian companies, four case studies were conducted using companies located in the country. The environmental management maturity level of those companies tends to follow the rate with which the environmental issue is introduced in production sub-areas, especially in the product development process. However, in most cases we found that the companies had difficulties in structuring the insertion of the environmental dimension in logistics. The final notes point out the distance observed between what is recommended by international literature and the reality of Brazilian companies in the challenge of making the production function environmentally friendly.