Grammar and disciplinary culture : a corpus-based study

The present study provides a usage-based account of how three grammatical structures, declarative content clauses, interrogative content clause and as-predicative constructions, are used in academic research articles. These structures may be used in both knowledge claims and citations, and they often express evaluative meanings. Using the methodology of quantitative corpus linguistics, I investigate how the culture of the academic discipline influences the way in which these constructions are used in research articles. The study compares the rates of occurrence of these grammatical structures and investigates their co-occurrence patterns in articles representing four different disciplines (medicine, physics, law, and literary criticism). The analysis is based on a purpose-built 2-million-word corpus, which has been part-of-speech tagged. The analysis demonstrates that the use of these grammatical structures varies between disciplines, and further shows that the differences observed in the corpus data are linked with differences in the nature of knowledge and the patterns of enquiry. The constructions in focus tend to be more frequently used in the soft disciplines, law and literary criticism, where their co-occurrence patterns are also more varied. This reflects both the greater variety of topics discussed in these disciplines, and the higher frequency of references to statements made by other researchers. Knowledge-building in the soft fields normally requires a careful contextualisation of the arguments, giving rise to statements reporting earlier research employing the constructions in focus. In contrast, knowledgebuilding in the hard fields is typically a cumulative process, based on agreed-upon methods of analysis. This characteristic is reflected in the structure and contents of research reports, which offer fewer opportunities for using these constructions.

Rethinking Culture and Diversity in Early Childhood Preservice Teacher Education: Looking at Teaching and Learning Through an Interdisciplinary Lens

Early Childhood Education (ECE) has a long history of building foundations for children to achieve their full potential, enabling parents to participate in the economy while children are cared for, addressing poverty and disadvantage, and building individual, community and societal resources. In so doing, ECE has developed a set of cultural practices and ways of knowing that shape the field and the people who work within it. ECE, consequently, is frequently described as unique and special (Moss, 2006; Penn, 2011). This works to define and distinguish the field while, simultaneously, insulating it from other contexts, professions, and ideas. Recognising this dualism illuminates some of the risks and challenges of operating in an insular and isolated fashion. In the 21st century, there are new challenges for children, families and societies to which ECE must respond if it is to continue to be relevant. One major issue is how ECE contributes to transition towards more sustainable ways of living. Addressing this contemporary social problem is one from which Early Childhood teacher education has been largely absent (Davis & Elliott, 2014), despite the well recognised but often ignored role of education in contributing to sustainability. Because of its complexity, sustainability is sometimes referred to as a ‘wicked problem’ (Rittel & Webber, 1973; Australian Public Service Commission, 2007) requiring alternatives to ‘business as usual’ problem solving approaches. In this chapter, we propose that addressing such problems alongside disciplines other than Education enables the Early Childhood profession to have its eyes opened to new ways of thinking about our work, potentially liberating us from the limitations of our “unique” and idiosyncratic professional cultures. In our chapter, we focus on understandings of culture and diversity, looking to broaden these by exploring the different ‘cultures’ of the specialist fields of ECE and Design (in this project, we worked with students studying Architecture, Industrial Design, Landscape Architecture and Interior Design). We define culture not as it is typically represented, i.e. in relation to ideas and customs of particular ethnic and language groups, but to the ideas and practices of people working in different disciplines and professions. We assert that different specialisms have their own ‘cultural’ practices. Further, we propose that this kind of theoretical work helps us to reconsider ways in which ECE might be reframed and broadened to meet new challenges such as sustainability and as yet unknown future challenges and possibilities. We explore these matters by turning to preservice Early Childhood teacher education (in Australia) as a context in which traditional views of culture and diversity might be reconstructed. We are looking to push our specialist knowledge boundaries and to extend both preservice teachers and academics beyond their comfort zones by engaging in innovative interdisciplinary learning and teaching. We describe a case study of preservice Early Childhood teachers and designers working in collaborative teams, intersecting with a ‘real-world’ business partner. The joint learning task was the design of an early learning centre based on sustainable design principles and in which early Education for Sustainability (EfS) would be embedded Data were collected via focus group and individual interviews with students in ECE and Design. Our findings suggest that interdisciplinary teaching and learning holds considerable potential in dismantling taken-for-granted cultural practices, such that professional roles and identities might be reimagined and reconfigured. We conclude the chapter with provocations challenging the ways in which culture and diversity in the field of ECE might be reconsidered within teacher education.

Innovations pédagogiques et culture disciplinaire en enseignement supérieur

Cette recherche qualitative porte sur les innovations pédagogiques utilisées à l’Université de Montréal en contexte de cultures disciplinaires. La recherche visait à étudier les innovations pédagogiques, entendues comme tout enseignement dispensé de manières différentes de la pratique traditionnelle du cours magistral, proposées par les professeurs dans une université fortement engagée en recherche. ll nous a paru utile de contribuer à compléter les savoirs existants dans ce domaine peu exploré, particulièrement lorsque nous savons que les innovations pédagogiques en contexte de cultures disciplinaires n’ont encore pas été étudiées à l’Université de Montréal. D’un point de vue social, la pertinence de cette recherche réside dans le cadre de la valorisation de l’enseignement universitaire souhaitée tant par les politiques, les institutions et la société que les professeurs et, au-delà, elle invite au rééquilibrage des deux piliers indispensables à l’université centrée sur la recherche qui laisse paraître une relation dichotomique marquée entre enseignement et recherche. Deux modes de cueillettes de données ont été privilégiés : les entrevues individuelles semi-structurées et un entretien de groupe auprès de trente-deux professeurs lauréats du Prix d’excellence en enseignement de l’Université de Montréal. Pour cette recherche, nous avons employé la théorisation ancrée comme méthode d’analyse de données recueillies selon d’autres approches. En d’autres mots, nous avons souhaité utiliser la théorisation ancrée comme un « processus » (Paillé, 1994, p. 149) d’analyse des données avec pour objectif d’approfondir l’objet de notre recherche par-delà la simple analyse descriptive sans pour autant prétendre à une théorisation avancée. En premier lieu, nos résultats nous ont permis de connaître les innovations pédagogiques utilisées dans l’enceinte de notre terrain de recherche, l’Université de Montréal et de dresser un portrait actualisé de leurs innovateurs. Nous avons aussi exploré les raisons qui amènent les professeurs à innover, décrit le processus nécessaire à l’innovation pédagogique et expliqué les freins s’opposant à cette dernière. En second lieu, nos résultats énumèrent les différences liées à la matière d’enseignement, au champ de recherche et soulignent le rapport de la discipline à l’innovation comme critère déterminant à son implication. En dernier lieu, nos résultats révèlent l’existence d’une expertise pédagogique partagée au sein de l’Université de Montréal qui permet de rompre la solitude des professeurs par un soutien entre pairs et favorise la transférabilité des innovations pédagogiques d’une culture disciplinaire à une autre. Finalement, nous présentons une théorisation actualisée des paramètres constituant une innovation pédagogique et détaillons les nouveaux paramètres qui influent sur la construction d’une innovation pédagogique. Nous concluons cette thèse par des recommandations et des pistes de recherches.

Exploring the experiences and conceptions of good teaching in higher education : Development of a questionnaire for assessing students' approaches to learning and experiences of the teaching-learning environment

The aim of this dissertation was to adapt a questionnaire for assessing students’ approaches to learning and their experiences of the teaching-learning environment. The aim was to explore the validity of the modified Experiences of Teaching and Learning Questionnaire (ETLQ) by examining how the instruments measure the underlying dimensions of student experiences and their learning. The focus was on the relation between students’ experiences of their teaching-learning environment and their approaches to learning. Moreover, the relation between students’ experiences and students’ and teachers’ conceptions of good teaching was examined. In Study I the focus was on the use of the ETLQ in two different contexts: Finnish and British. The study aimed to explore the similarities and differences between the factor structures that emerged from both data sets. The results showed that the factor structures concerning students’ experiences of their teaching-learning environment and their approaches to learning were highly similar in the two contexts. Study I also examined how students’ experiences of the teaching-learning environment are related to their approaches to learning in the two contexts. The results showed that students’ positive experiences of their teaching-learning environment were positively related to their deep approach to learning and negatively to the surface approach to learning in both the Finnish and British data sets. This result was replicated in Study II, which examined the relation between approaches to learning and experiences of the teaching-learning environment on a group level. Furthermore, Study II aimed to explore students’ approaches to learning and their experiences of the teaching-learning environment in different disciplines. The results showed that the deep approach to learning was more common in the soft sciences than in the hard sciences. In Study III, students’ conceptions of good teaching were explored by using qualitative methods, more precisely, by open-ended questions. The aim was to examine students’ conceptions, disciplinary differences and their relation to students’ approaches to learning. The focus was on three disciplines, which differed in terms of students’ experiences of their teaching-learning environment. The results showed that students’ conceptions of good teaching were in line with the theory of good teaching and there were disciplinary differences in their conceptions. Study IV examined university teachers’ conceptions of good teaching, which corresponded to the learning-focused approach to teaching. Furthermore, another aim in this doctoral dissertation was to compare the students’ and teachers’ conceptions of good teaching, the results of which showed that these conceptions appear to have similarities. The four studies indicated that the ETLQ appears to be a sufficiently robust measurement instrument in different contexts. Moreover, its strength is its ability to be at the same time a valid research instrument and a practical tool for enhancing the quality of students’ learning. In addition, the four studies emphasise that in order to enhance teaching and learning in higher education, various perspectives have to be taken into account. This study sheds light on the interaction between students’ approaches to learning, their conceptions of good teaching, their experiences of the teaching-learning environment, and finally, the disciplinary culture.

Tribus y territorios estudiantiles : Notas metodológicas acerca de la relación entre disciplinas del conocimiento y cultura política en estudiantes de la UNLP

En esta nota se presentan algunos resultados de una encuesta realizada en años recientes a estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, los cuales muestran indicios de la existencia de una asociación entre la cultura disciplinar de los estudiantes y su cultura política, tal como se expresa a través de un conjunto de opiniones y actitudes sobre la política específicamente universitaria y sobre la política general o nacional

La acreditación de las Ingenierías : Configuración compleja en la institucionalización de la política

La Ley de Educación Superior 24.521/95 legalizó las prácticas de evaluación y acreditación universitaria en Argentina. En su artículo 43 señala que, aquellos títulos correspondientes a profesiones reguladas por el Estado cuyo ejercicio pudieran comprometer el interés público, requieren la acreditación periódica por la Comisión Nacional de Evaluación y Acreditación Universitaria (CONEAU). Como evidencia, la producción académica sobre la evaluación universitaria, luego de una etapa caracterizada por la resistencia de los actores universitarios, dio paso a otra marcada por una progresiva institucionalización y legitimación de la política. El presente trabajo se centra en la indagación de las condiciones que generan dicha institucionalización considerando varias dimensiones de análisis: la agenda gubernamental, la cultura disciplinar, el modelo de enseñanza y el rol de organismos intermedios. Los resultados que se exponen se basan en un estudio llevado a cabo en la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, que presentó varias carreras en la convocatoria obligatoria de la CONEAU del año 2002. Para la indagación se tuvo en cuenta el análisis de fuentes documentales y entrevistas con informantes clave de la institución

Tribus y territorios estudiantiles : Notas metodológicas acerca de la relación entre disciplinas del conocimiento y cultura política en estudiantes de la UNLP

En esta nota se presentan algunos resultados de una encuesta realizada en años recientes a estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, los cuales muestran indicios de la existencia de una asociación entre la cultura disciplinar de los estudiantes y su cultura política, tal como se expresa a través de un conjunto de opiniones y actitudes sobre la política específicamente universitaria y sobre la política general o nacional

La acreditación de las Ingenierías : Configuración compleja en la institucionalización de la política

La Ley de Educación Superior 24.521/95 legalizó las prácticas de evaluación y acreditación universitaria en Argentina. En su artículo 43 señala que, aquellos títulos correspondientes a profesiones reguladas por el Estado cuyo ejercicio pudieran comprometer el interés público, requieren la acreditación periódica por la Comisión Nacional de Evaluación y Acreditación Universitaria (CONEAU). Como evidencia, la producción académica sobre la evaluación universitaria, luego de una etapa caracterizada por la resistencia de los actores universitarios, dio paso a otra marcada por una progresiva institucionalización y legitimación de la política. El presente trabajo se centra en la indagación de las condiciones que generan dicha institucionalización considerando varias dimensiones de análisis: la agenda gubernamental, la cultura disciplinar, el modelo de enseñanza y el rol de organismos intermedios. Los resultados que se exponen se basan en un estudio llevado a cabo en la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, que presentó varias carreras en la convocatoria obligatoria de la CONEAU del año 2002. Para la indagación se tuvo en cuenta el análisis de fuentes documentales y entrevistas con informantes clave de la institución

La acreditación de las Ingenierías : Configuración compleja en la institucionalización de la política

La Ley de Educación Superior 24.521/95 legalizó las prácticas de evaluación y acreditación universitaria en Argentina. En su artículo 43 señala que, aquellos títulos correspondientes a profesiones reguladas por el Estado cuyo ejercicio pudieran comprometer el interés público, requieren la acreditación periódica por la Comisión Nacional de Evaluación y Acreditación Universitaria (CONEAU). Como evidencia, la producción académica sobre la evaluación universitaria, luego de una etapa caracterizada por la resistencia de los actores universitarios, dio paso a otra marcada por una progresiva institucionalización y legitimación de la política. El presente trabajo se centra en la indagación de las condiciones que generan dicha institucionalización considerando varias dimensiones de análisis: la agenda gubernamental, la cultura disciplinar, el modelo de enseñanza y el rol de organismos intermedios. Los resultados que se exponen se basan en un estudio llevado a cabo en la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, que presentó varias carreras en la convocatoria obligatoria de la CONEAU del año 2002. Para la indagación se tuvo en cuenta el análisis de fuentes documentales y entrevistas con informantes clave de la institución

Tribus y territorios estudiantiles : Notas metodológicas acerca de la relación entre disciplinas del conocimiento y cultura política en estudiantes de la UNLP

En esta nota se presentan algunos resultados de una encuesta realizada en años recientes a estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, los cuales muestran indicios de la existencia de una asociación entre la cultura disciplinar de los estudiantes y su cultura política, tal como se expresa a través de un conjunto de opiniones y actitudes sobre la política específicamente universitaria y sobre la política general o nacional

Identity and disciplinarity : Multi-disciplinary student cohorts in Higher Education [Abstract]

This paper will describe a research project that examines the implications of multidisciplinary student cohorts on teaching and learning within undergraduate and postgraduate units in higher education. Whist students generally specialise in one discipline, it is also common that, at some point during their degree, they will choose to undertake subjects that are outside their specialist area. Students may choose a multidisciplinary learning experience either out of interest or because the subject is seen as complementary to their core discipline. When the lens of identity is applied to the multi-disciplinary cohorts in undergraduate and postgraduate units, it assists in identifying learning needs. The nature of disciplinarity, and the impact it has on students’ academic identity, presents challenges to both students and teachers when they engage in teaching and learning, impacting on curriculum design, assessment practices and teaching delivery strategies (Winberg, 2008). This project aims to identify the barriers that exist to effective teaching and learning in units that have multidisciplinary student cohorts. It will identify the particular needs of students in multidisciplinary student cohorts and determine a teaching and learning model that meets the needs of such cohorts. References Becher, T. & Trowler, P.R. (2001). Academic tribes and territories: Intellectual enquiry and the culture of the discipline. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press. Light, G. & Cox, R. (2001). Learning and teaching in higher education: A reflective professional. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Neumann, R. (2001). Disciplinary differences and university teaching. Studies in Higher Education, 26 (2), 135-46. Neumann, R., Parry, S. & Becher, T. (2002). Teaching and Learning in their disciplinary contexts: A conceptual analysis. Studies in Higher Education, 27(4), 405-417. Taylor, P.G. (1999) Making Sense of Academic Life: Academics, Universities and Change. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press. Winberg, C. (2008). Teaching engineering/engineering teaching: interdisciplinary collaboration and the construction of academic identities. Teaching in Higher Education, 13(3), 353 - 367.

HCI & sustainable food culture : a design framework for engagement

The current food practices around the world raises concerns for food insecurity in the future. Urban / suburban / and peri-urban environments are particularly problematic in their segregation from rural areas where the natural food sources are grown and harvested. Soaring urban population growth only deteriorates the lack of understanding in and access to fresh produce for the people who live, work, and play in the city. This paper explores the role of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) design in encouraging individual users to participate in creating sustainable food cultures in urban environments. The paper takes a disciplinary perspective of urban informatics and presents five core constituents of the HCI design framework to encourage sustainable food culture in the city via ubiquitous technologies: the perspective of transdisciplinarity; the domains of interest of people, place, and technology; and the perspective of design.

China media research : the trans-disciplinary challenge

This paper addresses the permeability of the field of China media research, its openness to new ideas; it argues that we need to adopt a wide angle view on research opportunities. Expansion of China’s media during the past decade has opened up possibilities for broadening of the field. The discussion first identifies boundary tensions as the field responds to transdisciplinary knowledge; in the second part the paper addresses challenges faced by Chinese researchers or visiting scholars in ‘Western’ media environments. Finally the paper addresses what a wide angle perspective might include.

Australian journalism studies after ‘Journalism’: breaking down the disciplinary boundaries (for good)

This paper argues that if journalism is to remain a relevant and dynamic academic discipline, it must urgently reconsider the constrained, heavily-policed boundaries traditionally placed around it (particularly in Australia). A simple way of achieving this is to redefine its primary object of study: away from specific, rigid, professional inputs, towards an ever-growing range of media outputs. Such a shift may allow the discipline to freely re-assess its pedagogical and epistemological relationships to contemporary newsmaking practices (or, the ‘new’ news).

Culture in global business transformation projects : the discovery of a grounded theory

Presently organisations engage in what is termed as Global Business Transformation Projects [GBTPs], for consolidating, innovating, transforming and restructuring their processes and business strategies while undergoing fundamental change. Culture plays an important role in global business transformation projects as these involve people of different cultural backgrounds and span across countries, industries and disciplinary boundaries. Nevertheless, there is scant empirical research on how culture is conceptualised beyond national and organisational cultures but also on how culture is to be taken into account and dealt with within global business transformation projects. This research is situated in a business context and discovers a theory that aids in describing and dealing with culture. It draws on the lived experiences of thirty-two senior management practitioners, reporting on more than sixty-one global business transformation projects in which they were actively involved. The research method used is a qualitative and interpretive one and applies a grounded theory approach, with rich data generated through interviews. In addition, vignettes were developed to illustrate the derived theoretical models. The findings from this study contribute to knowledge in multiple ways. First, it provides a holistic account of global business transformation projects that describe the construct of culture by the elements of culture types, cultural differences and cultural diversity. A typology of culture types has been developed which enlarges the view of culture beyond national and organisational culture including an industry culture, professional service firm culture and 'theme' culture. The amalgamation of the culture types instantiated in a global business transformation project compromises its project culture. Second, the empirically grounded process for managing culture in global business transformation projects integrates the stages of recognition, understanding and management as well as the enablement providing a roadmap for dealing with culture in global business transformation projects. Third, this study identified contextual variables to global business transformation projects, which provide the means of describing the environment global business transformation projects are situated, influence the construct of culture and inform the process for managing culture. Fourth, the contribution to the research method is the positioning of interview research as a strategy for data generation and the detailed documentation applying grounded theory to discover theory.