Desenvolvimento do Conhecimento Situacional do Ciberespa��o na Marinha/AMN e a sua contribui����o no processo de tomada de decis��o

Com a crescente depend��ncia do ciberespa��o, considerado o quinto dom��nio, �� necess��rio que, para garantir a seguran��a dos sistemas de informa����o, as organiza����es civis como o Centro Nacional de Ciberseguran��a ou o Gabinete Nacional de Seguran��a e as organiza����es militares como o Estado-Maior General das For��as Armadas ou o Centro de Ciberdefesa, detenham um s��lido conhecimento situacional do mesmo. Para alcan��ar este objetivo �� fundamental que estas mesmas organiza����es colaborem de modo a desenvolver uma capacidade de prevenir e recuperar de ataques que possam ocorrer nesse dom��nio atrav��s de uma observa����o cont��nua do mesmo contribuindo, assim, para a sua prote����o, preven����o, mitiga����o, resposta e para a sua recupera����o. Deste modo, uma vez que os sistemas de informa����o s��o mais vulner��veis por estarem ligados em rede, apresentam potenciais riscos para as organiza����es pondo em causa a sua seguran��a. Por conseguinte, antecipar os eventuais problemas que poder��o ocorrer nesses sistemas contribui para o desenvolvimento e implementa����o de medidas para proteger a informa����o. Sendo assim, e conforme outras organiza����es, tamb��m a Marinha est�� ligado em rede, pelo que est�� sujeita a este tipo de amea��a. Com o presente trabalho, pretende-se abordar o tema do Conhecimento Situacional do Ciberespa��o e mostrar a sua import��ncia para o tema atrav��s da compreens��o do modo como pode influenciar a condu����o das miss��es atribu��das ��s UN bem como as unidades em terra. Pretende-se identificar se existe uma organiza����o a bordo das UN que, em articula����o com comandos em terra, possa garantir que, num determinado teatro de opera����es, o que se passa no ciberespa��o de interesse para a miss��o, tanto a n��vel t��tico como a n��vel operacional, �� acion��vel. Pretende-se, ainda, em alinhamento com o conceito de capacidade caracterizar o que �� que a Marinha tem desenvolvido neste contexto relativamente a doutrina, organiza����o, estrutura, forma����o assim como treino.

Estado situacional de los modelos basados en agentes y su impacto en la investigaci��n organizacional

En un mundo hiperconectado, din��mico y cargado de incertidumbre como el actual, los m��todos y modelos anal��ticos convencionales est��n mostrando sus limitaciones. Las organizaciones requieren, por tanto, herramientas ��tiles que empleen tecnolog��a de informaci��n y modelos de simulaci��n computacional como mecanismos para la toma de decisiones y la resoluci��n de problemas. Una de las m��s recientes, potentes y prometedoras es el modelamiento y la simulaci��n basados en agentes (MSBA). Muchas organizaciones, incluidas empresas consultoras, emplean esta t��cnica para comprender fen��menos, hacer evaluaci��n de estrategias y resolver problemas de diversa ��ndole. Pese a ello, no existe (hasta donde conocemos) un estado situacional acerca del MSBA y su aplicaci��n a la investigaci��n organizacional. Cabe anotar, adem��s, que por su novedad no es un tema suficientemente difundido y trabajado en Latinoam��rica. En consecuencia, este proyecto pretende elaborar un estado situacional sobre el MSBA y su impacto sobre la investigaci��n organizacional.

Person-organization fit as a vehicle for knowledge sharing and creation

Tacit knowledge is difficult to transfer. It is also context specific. Hence it is often argued to be a key strategic asset and as such attention to how it is created and transferred in organisation in critical to strategists. The transfer of tacit knowledge is however still a challenge. It is known that shared communication and socialization are important processes in the transfer of tacit knowledge and person&ndash;organization fit (POF) is associated with such phenomena. Hence we argue that POF is likely to shape the transfer of tacit knowledge with higher levels of one resulting in higher levels of the other. We explore the interaction of tacit knowledge and POF fit and develop a matrix that suggests a complex interaction between the two.<br />

Unified modelling in support of organization design and change

The aim of this research is to provide a unified modelling-based method to help with the evaluation of organization design and change decisions. Relevant literature regarding model-driven organization design and change is described. This helps identify the requirements for a new modelling methodology. Such a methodology is developed and described. The three phases of the developed method include the following. First, the use of CIMOSA-based multi-perspective enterprise modelling to understand and capture the most enduring characteristics of process-oriented organizations and externalize various types of requirement knowledge about any target organization. Second, the use of causal loop diagrams to identify dynamic causal impacts and effects related to the issues and constraints on the organization under study. Third, the use of simulation modelling to quantify the effects of each issue in terms of organizational performance. The design and case study application of a unified modelling method based on CIMOSA (computer integrated manufacturing open systems architecture) enterprise modelling, causal loop diagrams, and simulation modelling, is explored to illustrate its potential to support systematic organization design and change. Further application of the proposed methodology in various company and industry sectors, especially in manufacturing sectors, would be helpful to illustrate complementary uses and relative benefits and drawbacks of the methodology in different types of organization. The proposed unified modelling-based method provides a systematic way of enabling key aspects of organization design and change. The case company, its relevant data, and developed models help to explore and validate the proposed method. The application of CIMOSA-based unified modelling method and integrated application of these three modelling techniques within a single solution space constitutes an advance on previous best practice. Also, the purpose and application domain of the proposed method offers an addition to knowledge. �� IMechE 2009.

IS capability assessment - the MIND canvas

With the increasing ubiquity and growing pervasiveness of Information Systems (IS) in todays��� organisations, one of the capabilities of essential value to an organisation is its IS/IT (henceforth IS) capability. However, despite this increasing importance of the IS capability, research has barely focused on providing a measure for assessing the IT capability of an organization. In overview, IS capability has contributed significantly in understanding how information technology remains a valuable component of any modern day firm (Bharadwaj 2000, Santhanam and Hartono 2003). While these prior research focus in itself is of value in establishing the importance of IS capability, this current study posits that this research area is attaining maturity and it is about time we extend this stream to provide a measure for assessing and evaluating the IS capability that defines an organization. To borrow a quote from Peter Drucker - ���if it can be measured; it can be improved���.

Sperm DNA: organization;protection and vulnerability: from basic science to clinical applications. a position rep

This paper reports the results of the most recent in a series of EHSRE workshops designed to synthesize the current state of the field in Andrology and provide recommendations for future work (ESHRE 1998; 1996). Its focus is on methods for detecting sperm DNA damage and potential application of new knowledge about sperm chromatin organization, vulnerability and repair to improve the diagnosis and treatment of clinical infertility associated with that damage. Equally important is the use and reliability of these tests to identify the extent to which environmental contaminants or pharmaceutical agents may contribute to the incidence of sperm DNA damage and male fertility problems. A working group# under the auspices of ESHRE met in May 2009 to assess the current knowledgebase and suggest future basic and clinical research directions. This document presents a synthesis of the working group���s understanding of the recent literature and collective discussions on the current state of knowledge of sperm chromatin structure and function during fertilization. It highlights the biological, assay and clinical uncertainties that require further research and ends with a series of recommendations.

Le transfert informel des connaissances tacites chez les gestionnaires municipaux en situation de coordination

Ce rapport de recherche porte sur une ��tude s���int��ressant au transfert des connaissances tacites chez les gestionnaires, c���est-��-dire le partage de ces connaissances et leur utilisation informelle, durant une situation de coordination dans un service municipal. La th��se est articul��e autour des questions suivantes : Quelles sont les situations de coordination v��cues par les gestionnaires municipaux? Quelles sont les sources de connaissances tacites partag��es et utilis��es? Quelles sont les relations de connaissances mobilis��es de fa��on informelle lors du transfert des connaissances tacites? Quels sont les facteurs encourageant ou inhibant le transfert informel des connaissances tacites? �� partir d���un mod��le bas�� sur une approche situationnelle (Taylor, 1989 et 1991), nous avons revu la documentation touchant nos questions de recherche. Nous avons d��fini notamment la r��cursivit�� des connaissances et le r��seau de connaissances, de m��me que pr��sent�� le mod��le de la conversion des connaissances (Nonaka, 1994) et celui de l���actualisation de soi (St-Arnaud, 1996). Nous avons questionn�� 22 r��pondants �� l���aide d���instruments de mesure qui combinent les techniques de l���incident critique, de l���entrevue cognitive et r��flexive, le questionnement sur les r��seaux organisationnels et l���observation participante. Tels des filets, ces instruments ont permis de traquer et d���obtenir des donn��es d���une grande richesse sur les connaissances tacites et les comportements informels durant le transfert de connaissances en situation de coordination. Ces donn��es ont ��t�� analys��es selon une approche m��thodologique essentiellement qualitative combinant l���analyse de contenu, la sch��matisation heuristique et l���analyse des r��seaux sociaux. Nos r��sultats montrent que la complexit�� d���une situation de coordination conditionne le choix des m��canismes de coordination. De plus, les sources de connaissances sont, du point de vue individuel, le gestionnaire et ses artefacts, de m��me que son r��seau personnel avec ses propres artefacts. Du point de vue collectif, ces sources sont r��ifi��es dans le r��seau de connaissances. Les connaissances cl��s d���une situation de coordination sont celles sur le r��seau organisationnel, le contexte, les exp��riences en gestion et en situation complexe de coordination, la capacit�� de communiquer, de n��gocier, d���innover et celle d���attirer l���attention. Individuellement, les gestionnaires privil��gient l���actualisation de soi, l���autoformation et la formation contextualis��e et, collectivement, la copr��sence dans l���action, le r��seautage et l���accompagnement. Cette ��tude fournit un mod��le valide du transfert contextualis�� des connaissances qui est un cas de coordination complexe d���activit��s en gestion des connaissances. Ce transfert est concomitant �� d���autres situations de coordination. La nature tacite des connaissances pr��vaut, de m��me que le mode informel, les m��dias personnels et les m��canismes d���ajustement mutuel. Les connaissances tacites sont principalement transf��r��es au d��but des processus de gestion de projet et continuellement durant la r��troaction et le suivi des r��sultats. Quant aux connaissances explicites, les gestionnaires les utilisent principalement comme un symbole �� la fin des processus de gestion de projet. Parmi les personnes et les groupes de personnes d���une situation de transfert contextualis�� des connaissances, 10 % jouent des r��les cl��s, soit ceux d���experts et d���interm��diaires de personnes et d���artefacts. Les personnes en p��riph��rie poss��dent un potentiel de structuration, c���est-��-dire de connexit��, pour assurer la continuit�� du r��seau de connaissances organisationnel. Notre ��tude a ��largi le mod��le g��n��ral de la complexit�� d���une situation (Bystrom, 1999; Choo, 2006; Taylor, 1986 et 1991), la th��orie de la coordination (Malone et Crowston, 1994), le mod��le de la conversion des connaissances (Nonaka, 1994), celui de l���actualisation de soi (St-Arnaud, 1996) et la th��orie des r��seaux de connaissances (Monge et Contractor, 2003). Notre mod��le r��affirme la concomitance de ces mod��les g��n��raux selon une approche constructiviste (Giddens, 1987) o�� la dualit�� du structurel et la comp��tence des acteurs sont confirm��es et enrichies.

A platform for dynamic organization of agents in agent-based systems

In most agent-based systems, different middle agents are employed to increase their flexibility. However, there are still three issues remain unsolved. In centralized architecture with single middle agent, the middle agent itself is a bottleneck and suffers from single point failure; middle agents in distributed architecture lack capability of dynamic organization of agents; The reliability is not strong because of the single point failure and lack of effective architecture. We introduce a platform with ring architectural model to solve all above problems. In the platform, multiple middle agents are dynamically supported for solving the first problem. For solving the second problem, middle agents dynamically manage the registration and cancellation of service provider agents and application teams, each of which includes a set of closely interacting requester agents to complete an independent task. Redundancy middle agent technique is proposed for solving the third problem. All middle agents are of the feature of proliferation and self-cancellation according to the sensory inputs from their environment. For organizing the middle agents effectively, a ring architectural model is proposed. We demonstrate the applicability of the platform by its application and present experimental evidence that the platform is flexible and robust. <br />

Formulating an organizational knowledge strategy : the influence of existing IT infrastructure

This paper questions the influence of a pre-existing information technology (IT) infrastructure on the formulation of an organizational knowledge strategy. We draw on a classification of four different strategic views of IT infrastructure and explore how the historic investment in IT infrastructure enables and constrains the formulation of knowledge strategy in four case organizations. The four case organizations are representative of different scenarios of historic investments in IT infrastructure and knowledge strategy formulation. Our findings indicate that an IT infrastructure that is minimal or fragmented constrains the formulation of an explicit knowledge strategy. We further find that an extensive existing IT infrastructure enables the pursuit of an explicit knowledge strategy, but that even an elaborate IT infrastructure can introduce some constraints on IT facilitated knowledge processes in the organization.

Towards web support for tacit knowledge exchanges

Organisations are continually looking for means to stimulate innovation and creativity, within and across working groups, functions and geographical boundaries. One of the ways to achieve this is through tacit knowledge exchanges in the form of sharing and transfer of knowledge by means of narratives, storytelling, reminders, best practices etc. Knowledge is an invaluable part of the shared practices of communities that need, create, adapt, transform, shape and use it. These Communities of Practice (CoPs) are informally created, evolve over time, and socially bind people together that share the same interests and passions. At the same time, organisations are turning more towards information technology and seek ways of leveraging their investments in Web technologies, in particular, to foster knowledge exchanges between individuals and working groups. The Web may be applied in new, innovative ways to draw dispersed community members together virtually and in particular, to promote tacit knowledge exchanges. We argue for a content-rich web environment that combines tools, services and mechanisms tailored towards tacit knowledge exchanges to support the unique work practices and situational knowledge needs of CoPs.

Understanding context in knowledge translation: a concept analysis study protocol.

AIM: To conduct a concept analysis of clinical practice contexts (work environments) that facilitate or militate against the uptake of research evidence by healthcare professionals in clinical practice. This will involve developing a clear definition of context by describing its features, domains and defining characteristics. BACKGROUND: The context where clinical care is delivered influences that care. While research shows that context is important to knowledge translation (implementation), we lack conceptual clarity on what is context, which contextual factors probably modify the effect of knowledge translation interventions (and hence should be considered when designing interventions) and which contextual factors themselves could be targeted as part of a knowledge translation intervention (context modification). DESIGN: Concept analysis. METHODS: The Walker and Avant concept analysis method, comprised of eight systematic steps, will be used: (1) concept selection; (2) determination of aims; (3) identification of uses of context; (4) determination of defining attributes of context; (5) identification/construction of a model case of context; (6) identification/construction of additional cases of context; (7) identification/construction of antecedents and consequences of context; and (8) definition of empirical referents of context. This study is funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (January 2014). DISCUSSION: This study will result in a much needed framework of context for knowledge translation, which identifies specific elements that, if assessed and used to tailor knowledge translation activities, will result in increased research use by nurses and other healthcare professionals in clinical practice, ultimately leading to better patient care.

Evolution and genomic organization of muscle microRNAs in fish genomes

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Organization and expression of the double-stranded RNA genome of Helminthosporium victoriae 190S virus, a totivirus infecting a plant pathogenic filamentous fungus.

The complete nucleotide sequence, 5178 bp, of the totivirus Helminthosporium vicotoriae 190S virus (Hv190SV) double-stranded RNA, was determined. Computer-assisted sequence analysis revealed the presence of two large overlapping ORFs; the 5'-proximal large ORF (ORF1) codes for the coat protein (CP) with a predicted molecular mass of 81 kDa, and the 3'-proximal ORF (ORF2), which is in the -1 frame relative to ORF1, codes for an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP). Unlike many other totiviruses, the overlap region between ORF1 and ORF2 lacks known structural information required for translational frameshifting. Using an antiserum to a C-terminal fragment of the RDRP, the product of ORF2 was identified as a minor virion-associated polypeptide of estimated molecular mass of 92 kDa. No CP-RDRP fusion protein with calculated molecular mass of 165 kDa was detected. The predicted start codon of the RDRP ORF (2605-AUG-2607) overlaps with the stop codon (2606-UGA-2608) of the CP ORF, suggesting RDRP is expressed by an internal initiation mechanism. Hv190SV is associated with a debilitating disease of its phytopathogenic fungal host. Knowledge of its genome organization and expression will be valuable for understanding its role in pathogenesis and for potential exploitation in the development of biocontrol measures.

Knowledge management systems:finding a way with technology

Purpose - To consider the role of technology in knowledge management in organizations, both actual and desired. Design/methodology/approach - Facilitated, computer-supported group workshops were conducted with 78 people from ten different organizations. The objective of each workshop was to review the current state of knowledge management in that organization and develop an action plan for the future. Findings - Only three organizations had adopted a strongly technology-based "solution" to knowledge management problems, and these followed three substantially different routes. There was a clear emphasis on the use of general information technology tools to support knowledge management activities, rather than the use of tools specific to knowledge management. Research limitations/implications - Further research is needed to help organizations make best use of generally available software such as intranets and e-mail for knowledge management. Many issues, especially human, relate to the implementation of any technology. Participation was restricted to organizations that wished to produce an action plan for knowledge management. The findings may therefore represent only "average" organizations, not the very best practice. Practical implications - Each organization must resolve four tensions: Between the quantity and quality of information/knowledge, between centralized and decentralized organization, between head office and organizational knowledge, and between "push" and "pull" processes. Originality/value - Although it is the group rather than an individual that determines what counts as knowledge, hardly any previous studies of knowledge management have collected data in a group context.

Gaps in organizational leadership : linking strategic and operational activities through design-led propositions

The relationship between design process and business systems has been of interest to both practitioners and researchers exploring the numerous opportunities and challenges of this unlikely relationship. Often the relationship is presented as building design thinking capability within an organization, which can be broadly described as the union of design and strategy. Brown (2008) notes that design thinking is ������a discipline that uses the designer���s sensibility and methods to match people���s needs with what is technically feasible and what business strategy can convert into customer value and market opportunities������ (p. 1). The value that design thinking brings to an organization is a different way of framing situations and possibilities, doing things, and tackling problems: essentially a cultural transformation of the way it undertakes its business. The work of Martin (2009) has clearly shown the generalized differences between design thinking and business thinking, highlighting many instances in which these differences have been overcome, but also noting the many obstacles of trying to unify both approaches within an organization. Liedtka (2010) encourages firms to try and persist in overcoming these barriers, as she has noted that ������business strategy desperately needs design ... because design is all about action and business strategy too often turns out to be only about talk ... fewer than 10 percent of new strategies are ever fully executed������ (p. 9).