Nucleation and growth of CUSO4 center dot 5H(2)O crystals on the liquid state stearic acid Langmuir-Blodgett film

Oriented crystallization of CUSO4 center dot 5H(2)O on a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film of stearic acid has been studied in the temperature ranges of 73-68 degrees C and 53-20 degrees C, respectively. This is the first time that the LB film at temperature above its melting point has been served as a template to induce nucleation and growth of crystals. The experimental results demonstrated that the LB film in the liquid state has the ability of directing the nucleation and growth of crystals. Moreover, X-ray diffraction patterns of the as prepared crystals revealed that the orientation of the attached crystals on the LB film is affected by temperature greatly.

THE DETERMINATION OF STANDARD ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE OF CELL Cu vertical bar CuSO4 vertical bar Hg2SO4-Hg AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

The emfs of Cu|CuSO_4|Hg_2SO_4-Hg were determined at 5 temperature points from 278.15K to 313.15K. Based on the Pitzer' s Equation a polynomial approximation for the determination of standard emf, E_m, was proposed. The values of E_m obtained by author's method agree with values of E_m obtained by the extended Debye-Huckel equation within experimental errors. Compared with the extrapolation result of extended Debye-Huckel equation, the uncertainty by the selecting of parameter of ion size was avoided.By the...

Alterações hematológicas e histopatológicas em pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes, Characidae), tratado com sulfato de cobre (CuSo4)

This paper evaluated the haematological and glycaemic parameters in Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes, Characidae) infected with Monogenea Anacanthorus penilabiatus Boeger, Husak & Martins, 1995 (Dactylogyridae) after treatment with 0.50 mg/L and 1.00 mg/L of copper sulphate (CuSO4). The efficacy of the CuSO4 was observed in the first day after administration but not after eight, fifteen or thirty days. The histopathological analyses showed hyperplasia of the epithelium and circulatory changes in the gills. In the first day after treatment significant changes (P<0.05) in the total count of erythrocyte, leucocyte, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were observed. The fishes treated with 0.50 mg/L showed decrease in the haemoglobin levels and in the percentage of neutrophils (P<0.05). The dose of 1.00 mg/L provoked increase of glycaemia but reduction in the lymphocytes percentage when compared with 0.50 mg/L in the 8th day. Fifteen days after 1.00 mg/L treatment, values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and special granulocitic cells (S.G.C.) percentage decreased. Nevertheless, increase of total leucocyte number was observed. Thirty days after treatment with 0.50 mg/L showed increased S.G.C. and treatment with 1.00 mg/L showed increased lymphocyte.

Effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide-copper complex on Rous sarcoma virus and its genome RNA

The copper complex of the antituberculous drug, isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), inhibits the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of Rous sarcoma virus and inactivates its ability to malignantly transform chick embryo cells. The INH-copper complex binds to the 70S genome RNA of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), which may account for its ability to inhibit the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. The complex binds RNA more effectively than DNA in contrast to M-IBT-copper complexes, which bind both types of nucleic acids equally. The homopolymers, poly rA and poly rU, are bound by the INH-copper complex to a greater extent than poly rC. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide alone and CuSO4 alone bind neither DNA, RNA, poly (rA), poly (rU), nor poly (rC). However, CuSO4 alone binds poly (rI); INH alone does not. In addition to viral DNA synthesis, chick-embryo cell DNA synthesis is inhibited by the INH-copper complex. The extent of inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis is greater than that of cellular RNA and protein synthesis. No selective inhibition of transformation in cells previously infected with Rous sarcoma virus is observed.

A novel phenomenon of burst of oxygen uptake during decavanadate-dependent oxidation of NADH

Oxidation of NADH by decavanadate, a polymeric form vanadate with a cage-like structure, in presence of rat liver microsomes followed a biphasic pattern. An initial slow phase involved a small rate of oxygen uptake and reduction of 3 of the 10 vanadium atoms. This was followed by a second rapid phase in which the rates of NADH oxidation and oxygen uptake increased several-fold with a stoichiometry of NADH: O2 of 1ratio1. The burst of NADH oxidation and oxygen uptake which occurs in phosphate, but not in Tris buffer, was prevented by SOD, catalase, histidine, EDTA, MnCl2 and CuSO4, but not by the hydroxyl radical quenchers, ethanol, methanol, formate and mannitol. The burst reaction is of a novel type that requires the polymeric structure of decavanadate for reduction of vanadium which, in presence of traces of H2O2, provides a reactive intermediate that promotes transfer of electrons from NADH to oxygen.

The Oxidative State of Chylomicron Remnants Influences Their Modulation of Human Monocyte Activation

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The effect of organotin and copper sulfate on the late development and presettlement behavior of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria

The effect of organotin compounds and copper, commonly used as antifouling agent, were studied on Mercenaria mercernaria larvae. They were reared under usual hatchery conditions until they reached 190 um in diameter. The larvae were subjected to four compounds, tributylin chloride (TBT), monobutyltin chloride (MBT), trimethyltin chloride (TMT), cupric sulfate (CuSo4) plus control. Mortality was measured at 24, 48 h, and 96h. Behavioral and/or metamorphic changes were recorded in triplicate at 24-48 and 96 h. The appearance in swimming larvae of a functional foot was considered a sign of competence to set and was recorded as a "pediveliger". Swimming larvae were considered as larvae that have not yet reached their total development and they were recorded as "swimming". Larvae that did not show foot or swimming activity and were static but alive on the bottom were recorded as "bottom". TBT was found to completely inhibit swimming activity at sublethal concentrations throughout the period of observation. Copper and MBT inhibited swimming from 48 h, TMT did not inhibit swimming activity at any of the times recorded. The four compounds ranked in order of decreasing toxicity were TBT>TMT>CU>MBT.

Eletrodeposição de revestimentos funcionais compósitos Cu/partículas de óxidos de alumínio

Revestimentos funcionais compósitos são um atrativo tecnológico crescente, pois possibilitam a combinação de materiais metálicos, poliméricos ou cerâmicos, resultando em propriedades superiores as dos materiais individuais, sendo por este motivo, largamente aplicados na engenharia de materiais. Na presente dissertação, foram produzidos revestimentos compósitos por eletrodeposição através da codeposição de uma matriz metálica de cobre e de partículas de óxidos de alumínio incorporadas (g - Al2O3 ou AlO(OH)), sobre substratos de aço carbono, a partir de diferentes banhos eletrolíticos. Três etapas foram efetuadas, na primeira realizou-se o estudo da influência do modo de agitação e da presença ou não de ligantes (citrato de sódio 1,00 mol/L) nos teores de cobre e alumina nos revestimentos produzidos. Em seguida foi avaliada a ação de complexantes (citrato de sódio 1,00 mol/L e pirofosfato de potássio 0,90 mol/L) usando polarização potenciodinâmica e voltametria cíclica, em conjunto com microbalança eletroquímica de cristal de quartzo (EQCM) e a posterior produção de revestimentos compósitos a partir de banhos contendo CuSO4 0,02 mol/L + pirofosfato de potássio 0,90 mol/L + 20 g/L de alumina, variando a densidade de corrente aplicada (I), a velocidade de agitação do eletrodo rotatório (A) e o do tempo de agitação prévia (t). Por fim, na terceira etapa, fez-se a substituição de alumina por Boehmita e a produção dos revestimentos a partir de banhos contendo CuSO4 0,02 mol/L + pirofosfato de potássio 0,90 mol/L + 20 g/L de Boehmita, empregando um planejamento composto central, em que os parâmetros citados também foram variados. Os resultados mostraram que a presença de um ligante e a agitação prévia e continuada do eletrólito durante o experimento foram fundamentais para a produção dos revestimentos compósitos. Ensaios de EQCM mostraram que o citrato se adsorveu na superfície do eletrodo de ouro, diferentemente do pirofosfato. Os teores de Boehmita e cobre nos revestimentos produzidos, assim como a morfologia, resistência de polarização e densidade de corrente de corrosão dos revestimentos foram influenciados pelos parâmetros avaliados.

药用牡丹资源与重金属污染问题的研究

我国牡丹资源丰富、药用历史悠久、药材出口量大。近年来国际上对进口植物药的重金属限量标准不断提高，已成为影响丹皮出口的最大贸易壁垒之一，严重阻碍了丹皮产业化进程。为了提高我国丹皮药材整体质量水平和国际竞争力，本试验探讨了不同产地、不同种质资源的丹皮与Cu、Cd、Pb、As四种重金属的关系，重点研究了两个代表性品种对重金属Cu的富集规律，分析了重金属Cu对牡丹生长、生理和药材品质的影响。实验中采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法（FAAS ）和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）为基本检测手段来分析样品中重金属元素的含量，从植物与重金属相互关系的角度对牡丹药用、花药兼用以及生态修复可行性等方面进行了系统研究。结果如下： 1. 丹皮重金属含量与牡丹种质资源和栽培环境关系密切。野生种中滇牡丹丹皮中Cu、Cd含量相对较高，多数野生种丹皮中Pb、As含量较栽培种偏高；铜陵产区的丹皮重金属含量明显高于其它产区，铜尾矿上栽培出产的丹皮重金属Cu含量明显超标，建议其改变种植模式，可以考虑丰富牡丹品种，开发生态旅游、观赏栽培。 2. 综合比较同一地块的7个常用药用品种发现，‘JPH’和‘CKL’品种对重金属富集能力相对较弱。‘JPH’是传统的优良观赏品种，适宜花药兼用；结合前期研究的结果‘CKL’药效成分含量相对较高，药用价值较高，适宜药用栽培。 3. 对药用牡丹品种‘凤丹’和‘建始粉’外施不同浓度CuSO4溶液处理后发现，丹皮中重金属富集量与外施重金属浓度成显著正相关。当外施Cu 浓度超过150mg/kg 时，两个品种的丹皮中Cu含量均已超标。 4. 重金属Cu对牡丹生长的影响效应与重金属浓度和植物体自身部位有关。当外施Cu浓度小于600mg/kg 时，对牡丹生长有一定的促进作用，主要表现在地上部分；超过600mg/kg 时，对牡丹生长有抑制作用，随着浓度增大，毒害症状愈加明显。地下部主要表现出受抑制作用，抑制效应随外施浓度增大而加重。 5. 牡丹通过自身的生理生化调节机制抵抗Cu胁迫对细胞造成的氧化伤害：低浓度Cu可以刺激抗氧化酶系统SOD和POD 活性升高，高浓度下SOD和 POD活性则显著降低。相同处理条件下‘凤丹’品种的抗铜性要高于‘建始粉’。 6. 本试验未发现外施Cu处理对丹皮中药效成分丹皮酚、芍药苷产生影响。 7. ‘凤丹’及‘建始粉’根系铜富集质量分数均达到超富集植物的要求，因此牡丹可能在重金属Cu污染的环境修复方面存在巨大潜力。

鱼类饲养对地下水中溶解态磷酸酶的影响

比较了鱼类养殖前后 ,地下水中正磷酸盐 (o P)浓度、碱性磷酸酶活性 (APA)在不同大小颗粒之间的分布、溶解态APA对pH、温度、CuSO4、ZnSO4、EDTA 2Na与表面活性剂 (CTAB与TritonX 10 0 )的应答方式及其动力学特征。养鱼之后 ,玻璃缸水中碱性磷酸酶表现出明显较高的活性 ,且以溶解态为主要存在形式 ,这种效应与鱼类的品种有关 ,溶解态APA的最大反应速度 (Vmax)与米氏常数 (Km)均明显提高 ,最适温度与pH值以及对于Zn2 + 的应答方式亦发生明显改变 ,颗粒结

The development in oxidation of olefins to ketones catalyzed by palladium compounds

The development in the oxidation of olefins to ketones catalyzed by palladium compounds was reviewed. Some improved methods for the oxidation of olefins catalyzed by Wacker-type catalyst systems are also summarized. For this reaction, some new catalyst systems and the reaction mechanism are described. Emphasis has been given to the applications of Pd(I)/HPA(heteropoly acid), Pd(I)/FePc (iron phthalocyanine), Pd (I)/HQ (hydroquinone)/FePc, Pd (I)/HQ/HPA, Pd (I)/CuSO4/HPA catalyst systems in the oxidation of olefins to ketones; the application of Pd(I)/LCoNO2, PdCl2 (MeCN)(2)/CuCl, Pd(OAc)(2)/ pyridine, fluorous biphasic catalyst systems in the oxidation of olefins to ketones is also surveyed.

Selective crystallization of BaF2 under a compressed Langmuir monolayer of behenic acid

Selective crystallization of BaF2 crystals under a compressed Langmuir monolayer of behenic acid [CH3(CH2)(20)COOH] has been studied by using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. It was found that, in the absence of a monolayer, three kinds of crystals (Ba2ClF3, BaClF, and BaF2) can be obtained by mixing BaCl2 with a NH4F solution. However, in the presence of the monolayer of behenic acid, only BaF2 crystals appear at the monolayer-subphase interface and crystals have a special crystal face (100). During this process of crystallization, the monolayer plays a very important role and acts as a template that can preferentially select a special crystal and a special crystal face. The above results can be explained in terms of a specific molecular interaction between ions and the headgroups of the monolayer and specific electrostatic, geometric, and stereochemical interactions at the organic-inorganic interface.

钯配合物催化环己烯氧化合成环己酮的研究进展

综述了钯配合物催化环己烯氧化合成环己酮的研究进展。总结了环己烯氧化合成环己酮的催化体系及其催化活性。着重介绍了PdSO4 /HPA (杂多酸 ) ,Pd (OAc) 2 /BQ (苯醌 ) ,Pd (OAc) 2 /FePc (酞菁铁 ) ,Pd(OAc) 2 /HQ (氢醌 ) /FePc ,Pd (OAc) 2 /HQ /HPA ,Pd (NO3 ) 2 /CuSO4 /HPA等催化体系催化环己烯氧化的活性及其作用机理。讨论了影响环己烯氧化活性的因素

Technique for determination of gold electrode area and its application of characterization in self-assembling process

Underpotential deposition(UPD) of copper at polycrystal gold surface under different concentrations has been studied, and its reversibility and stability in high concentration (0.2M CuSO4+0.IM H2SO4) have been demonstrated by cyclic voltermmetry and EQCM. A Valid approach to determine the gold electrode area in presence of adsorbed species has been provided by using Cu UPD method. Further, the growth kinetics of decane thiol on gold has also been investigated based on such a Cu UPD technique.