Aplicaci?? d'estrat??gies did??ctiques de comprensi?? lectora en textos electr??nics narratius

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Los est??ndares en el curr??culo y la evaluaci??n : ??relaciones de medici??n, control y homogenizaci??n o, posibilidad de formaci??n, diversidad y evaluaci??n cr??tica?

Monogr??fico con el t??tulo: "Otra investigaci??n es posible"

Dise?o de un programa de agricultura en el marco de las BPA por sitio espec?fico, para un sistema auto sostenible en el predio la luna de la Cooperativa Trascender [recurso electr?nico]

La agricultura ha estado ligada al desarrollo de las comunidades humanas. A trav?s de diferentes tecnolog?as, se ha logrado mediante pruebas, el desarrollo de programas productivos que han tratado de resolver los problemas de abastecimiento de alimentos, in ?xito, al pretender producir sin contemplar las repercusiones que se obtienen al tener programas sin control ambiental, ni mucho menos inocuidad en el producto. Por ello las diferentes corrientes de agricultura alternativa, que han surgido en la d?cada de los a?os 0, han sido una respuesta con un modelo de producci?n denominado ?Revoluci?n arde". Dada la historia, se promueve para este proyecto la utilizaci?n de las Buenas Pr?cticas agr?colas (BPA's) que incrementa la producci?n del predio mediante la optimizaci?n de so de recursos y asocio de cultivos, que en este caso es la siembra de hortalizas entre callejones de los c?tricos, para obtener cosechas alternadas, adem?s del ascenso de las mismas de los dos cultivos asociados, mediante tecnolog?as ecol?gicas de precisi?n. Para el predio LA LUNA localizado en la Vereda Potrerito del municipio de Jamando Valle, de propiedad de la COOPERATIVA TRASCENDER, se levant? el plano topogr?fico (planimetr?a-altimetria), y a parta- de ?ste de desarrollaron con tecnolog?as SIG, los tapas de variabilidad espacial de las caracter?sticas del suelo, adem?s se dise?? el programa de BPA's por sitio espec?fico para el predio la LUNA que comprende los cultivos de frijol y c?tricos, el cual se dise?? de la manera m?s ecol?gica a nuestro alcance, realizando un manejo de suelos, agua, fertilizaci?n, plagas y enfermedades integrados. Se dise?? el programa de manera que sea auto-sostenible, contemplando la producci?n s insumos agr?colas mediante la Biof?brica, con producci?n de compostaje a partir de elementos provenientes de la misma finca, as? generando un manejo adecuado de los asiduos s?lidos.

Desarrollo de la ovotestis del "caracol africano" achatina fulica (achatinidae) en el Valle del Cauca [recurso electr?nico]

RESUMEN : En Colombia se ha reportado en 111 municipios de 24 departamentos la presencia del caracol africano Achatina fulica, clasificada como una de las 100 especies m?s da?inas del mundo. Debido a que es plaga de diversos cultivos agr?colas y potencialmente peligrosos para la salud humana, ha sido estudiado en varios aspectos de su biolog?a, entre ellos la reproducci?n. Sin embargo, ?ste es el primer trabajo en el cual se caracterizan las etapas de desarrollo de la ovotestis y su maduraci?n, con base en una poblaci?n de 60 individuos de cuatro municipios del Valle del Cauca. Los muestreos se realizaron entre los meses de octubre y diciembre del 2013. Para ?sta caracterizaci?n se emplearon t?cnicas histol?gicas usando hematoxilina-eosina. Se describieron las diferentes estructuras presentes, desde la formaci?n de los primeros acinos de ovotestis hasta el vaciado de espermatozoides y ovocitos, se cuantificaron y midieron los acinos y los ovocitos. Estos ?ltimos, se caracterizaron a trav?s de la morfolog?a, el tama?o y la ubicaci?n en el acino, clasific?ndolos como ovocitos premei?ticos, previtelog?nicos y vitelog?nicos. Con la informaci?n obtenida y los estados de la espermatog?nesis, se definieron cinco etapas de desarrollo: inmaduros, inicio de gametog?nesis, madurez temprana, madurez total y vaciado, siendo excluyentes entre s?. Las poblaciones estudiadas se compararon mediante la cantidad de los ovocitos en los diferentes estados de madurez y el ?ndice de madurez ovoc?tica, sin diferencias significativas existentes, lo cual sugiere que presentan el mismo patr?n de reproducci?n para esta ?poca del a?o. ABSTRACT : Achatina fulica, which is considered one of the top hundred most dangerous species on the world, has been reported in 111 municipalities in 24 departments of Colombia. Because this species is a plague to several crops and potentially harmful to human health, several aspects of its biology have been studied, including it?s the reproductive biology. However, this is the first work where the ovotestis developmental stages and maturation are characterized. This was accomplished using 60 specimens from four municipalities of Valle del Cauca department. Samplings were conducted between monts october and december 2013. For the characterization, histological techniques using hematoxilin-eosin were used. The different structures were carefully described, from the formation of the first ovotestes? acini to the sperm emptying; the acini and ovocites were counted and measured. The latter were characterized, using morphology, size and the position on the acini, as pre-meiotic, pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes. Based on this information and the spermatogenesis stages, five developmental stages were defined: immature, early gametogenesis, early maturity, mature and emptiness, which were mutually exclusive. The studied populations were compared using the amount of oocytes in the different maturity stages and the oocytic maturity index, but no significant differences were found, which suggests that the all the populations show the same reproductive pattern during this year season.

Inoculaci?n y establecimiento endof?tico de cepas de los hongos entomopat?genos beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae y lecanicillium lecanii en plantas de fr?jol (Phaseolus vulgaris) [recurso electr?nico]

Los hongos end?fitos han recibido una creciente atenci?n en los a?os recientes, ya que han demostrado tener un potencial econ?mico en la agronom?a, debido a su posible uso como agentes de control biol?gico. El establecimiento endof?tico de hongos entomopat?genos en cultivos de inter?s, ofrece un campo amplio y prometedor para comprender las relaciones entre plantas y hongos y los mecanismos de defensa que estos ?ltimos pueden inducir en las plantas. El presente estudio busc? inocular y evaluar la colonizaci?n endof?tica de tres especies de hongos entomopat?genos en plantas de fr?jol (Phaseolus vulgaris). Para ello, se emplearon dos cepas de cada especie, una comercial y la otra de la colecci?n de entomopat?genos del Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical; cada cepa constituy? un tratamiento individual. A partir de la siembra y desarrollo de las cepas, se generaron in?culos de 108 conidios/mL que fueron inoculados en las plantas de fr?jol Diacol, variedad Calima. Se encontr? que Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae y Lecanicillium lecanii colonizaron individualmente las hojas de fr?jol. Los porcentajes de colonizaci?n promedio para las cepas de la colecci?n del CIAT fueron de 16% (?= 18,84) para B. bassiana, 13% (?= 4,96) en M. anisopliae y 4% (?= 4,64) para L. lecanii. Con respecto a las cepas comerciales, estos valores fueron 4% (?= 4,64) para B. bassiana; 26% (?= 32) para M. anisopliae y 44% (?= 13,02) para L. lecanii. Todas las cepas de hongos inoculadas pudieron ser recuperadas de tejido vegetal, lo que sugiere su posible uso como agentes de control biol?gico al menos para el cultivo del fr?jol.

Incidencia de una intervenci?n pedag?gica discursiva para la comprensi?n de textos expositivos y la construcci?n de textos argumentativos [recurso electr?nico]

El prop?sito de esta investigaci?n es analizar la incidencia de una intervenci?n pedag?gica en estudian-tes universitarios para el mejoramiento de la comprensi?n de textos con organizaci?n expositiva y la construcci?n de textos argumentativos. Como marco te?rico y metodol?gico se utiliz? la perspectiva dial?gica e interactiva del discurso de Mart?nez; la propuesta de van Dijk, desde las estructuras sem?n-ticas del texto; la teor?a de la argumentaci?n de Perelman, Toulmin y van Eemereen-Grootendorst y aspectos de l?gica cl?sica. El tipo de investigaci?n fue correlacional y el dise?o cuasi experimental. La poblaci?n fueron dos gru-pos de estudiantes de un programa de filosof?a, matriculados en las jornadas diurna y nocturna. Con el grupo diurno se hace la intervenci?n y el nocturno como grupo control. Lo estudio se dividi? en tres fases: ? Aplicaci?n de cuatro pre-pruebas, sobre comprensi?n y argumentaci?n, en ambos grupos. ? Desarrollo de la propuesta, con el grupo diurno. ? Aplicaci?n de las cuatro pos-pruebas y an?lisis cuantitativos y cualitativos de los resultados. La hip?tesis de investigaci?n es la siguiente: al realizar una intervenci?n pedag?gica sobre la base de la dimensi?n dial?gica e interactiva del discurso, del manejo de las estructuras sem?nticas del texto y trabajar algunas t?cnicas argumentativas, se mejorar?n los procesos de comprensi?n de textos con organizaci?n expositiva y la construcci?n de textos argumentativos de los estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados muestran las dificultades en los procesos de escritura, comprensi?n y argumentaci?n de los estudiantes; en los componentes discursivos, ling??sticos y deficiente uso de las inferencias. Se lo-gra un avance con la intervenci?n, pero falta por mejorar.

El rol de la lengua materna en el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera en el grado primero de educaci?n b?sica primaria [recurso electr?nico]

El presente trabajo es una investigaci?n de corte etnogr?fico sobre la interferencia de la lengua materna (LM) en el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera (LE) en ni?os de primero en una colegio privado de Cali con intensificaci?n en este idioma. La docente ante la disyuntiva de corresponder o no al lenguaje utilizado mayoritariamente en el aula por sus estudiantes y la responsabilidad de ser la principal promotora de la pr?ctica del ingl?s, decidi? esclarecer la situaciones, la funciones y la pertinencia del uso del espa?ol en su trabajo pedag?gico, para ello se observaron 14 clases. Los registros de observaci?n que surgieron de las clases mostraron que cuando se requer?a el uso de la LM, la docente se afianzaba de dos fen?menos, el cambio de c?digo y traducci?n. Estos dos hallazgos fueron transversales a una serie de situaciones que motivaron el uso de la LM y que sirvieron como categor?as de an?lisis, como los son: Aclaraci?n de instrucciones, control de disciplina, dialogo personal con estudiantes, explicaci?n de contenidos y motivaci?n.

Hypothalamic Inflammation And The Central Nervous System Control Of Energy Homeostasis.

The control of energy homeostasis relies on robust neuronal circuits that regulate food intake and energy expenditure. Although the physiology of these circuits is well understood, the molecular and cellular response of this program to chronic diseases is still largely unclear. Hypothalamic inflammation has emerged as a major driver of energy homeostasis dysfunction in both obesity and anorexia. Importantly, this inflammation disrupts the action of metabolic signals promoting anabolism or supporting catabolism. In this review, we address the evidence that favors hypothalamic inflammation as a factor that resets energy homeostasis in pathological states.

Chitosan/tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles Loaded With Paraquat Herbicide: An Environmentally Safer Alternative For Weed Control.

Paraquat is a fast acting nonselective contact herbicide that is extensively used worldwide. However, the aqueous solubility and soil sorption of this compound can cause problems of toxicity in nontarget organisms. This work investigates the preparation and characterization of nanoparticles composed of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) to produce an efficient herbicidal formulation that was less toxic and could be used for safer control of weeds in agriculture. The toxicities of the formulations were evaluated using cell culture viability assays and the Allium cepa chromosome aberration test. The herbicidal activity was investigated in cultivations of maize (Zea mays) and mustard (Brassica sp.), and soil sorption of the nanoencapsulated herbicide was measured. The efficiency association of paraquat with the nanoparticles was 62.6 ± 0.7%. Encapsulation of the herbicide resulted in changes in its diffusion and release as well as its sorption by soil. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays showed that the nanoencapsulated herbicide was less toxic than the pure compound, indicating its potential to control weeds while at the same time reducing environmental impacts. Measurements of herbicidal activity showed that the effectiveness of paraquat was preserved after encapsulation. It was concluded that the encapsulation of paraquat in nanoparticles can provide a useful means of reducing adverse impacts on human health and the environment, and that the formulation therefore has potential for use in agriculture.

Influence Of Gastric Emptying On The Control Of Postprandial Glycemia: Physiology And Therapeutic Implications.

The maintenance of glucose homeostasis is complex and involves, besides the secretion and action of insulin and glucagon, a hormonal and neural mechanism, regulating the rate of gastric emptying. This mechanism depends on extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion regulates the speed of gastric emptying, contributing to the control of postprandial glycemia. The pharmacodynamic characteristics of various agents of this class can explain the effects more relevant in fasting or postprandial glucose, and can thus guide the individualized treatment, according to the clinical and pathophysiological features of each patient.

Self-reported Diabetes In Older People: Comparison Of Prevalences And Control Measures.

The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of diabetes in older people and the adopted control measures. Data regarding older diabetic individuals who participated in the Health Surveys conducted in the Municipality of Sao Paulo, SP, ISA-Capital, in 2003 and 2008, which were cross-sectional studies, were analyzed. Prevalences and confidence intervals were compared between 2003 and 2008, according to sociodemographic variables. The combination of the databases was performed when the confidence intervals overlapped. The Chi-square (level of significance of 5%) and the Pearson's Chi-square (Rao-Scott) tests were performed. The variables without overlap between the confidence intervals were not tested. The age of the older adults was 60-69 years. The majority were women, Caucasian, with an income of between > 0.5 and 2.5 times the minimum salary and low levels of schooling. The prevalence of diabetes was 17.6% (95%CI 14.9;20.6) in 2003 and 20.1% (95%CI 17.3;23.1) in 2008, which indicates a growth over this period (p at the limit of significance). The most prevalent measure adopted by the older adults to control diabetes was hypoglycemic agents, followed by diet. Physical activity was not frequent, despite the significant differences observed between 2003 and 2008 results. The use of public health services to control diabetes was significantly higher in older individuals with lower income and lower levels of education. Diabetes is a complex and challenging disease for patients and the health systems. Measures that encourage health promotion practices are necessary because they presented a smaller proportion than the use of hypoglycemic agents. Public health policies should be implemented, and aimed mainly at older individuals with low income and schooling levels. These changes are essential to improve the health condition of older diabetic patients.

Incidence Of Basilar Invagination In Patients With Tonsillar Herniation? A Case Control Craniometrical Study.

A retrospective case-control study based on craniometrical evaluation was performed to evaluate the incidence of basilar invagination (BI). Patients with symptomatic tonsillar herniation treated surgically had craniometrical parameters evaluated based on CT scan reconstructions before surgery. BI was diagnosed when the tip of the odontoid trespassed the Chamberlain's line in three different thresholds found in the literature: 2, 5 or 6.6 mm. In the surgical group (SU), the mean distance of the tip of the odontoid process above the Chamberlain's line was 12 mm versus 1.2 mm in the control (CO) group (p<0.0001). The number of patients with BI according to the threshold used (2, 5 or 6.6 mm) in the SU group was respectively 19 (95%), 16 (80%) and 15 (75%) and in the CO group it was 15 (37%), 4 (10%) and 2 (5%).

Going Beyond Seizure Control: Can Pharmacotherapy Help To Restore Cognitive Network Function?

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Control Of The Properties Of Porous Chitosan-alginate Membranes Through The Addition Of Different Proportions Of Pluronic F68.

This work addresses the development and characterization of porous chitosan-alginate based polyelectrolyte complexes, obtained by using two different proportions of the biocompatible surfactant Pluronic F68. These biomaterials are proposed for applications as biodegradable and biocompatible wound dressing and/or scaffolds. The results indicate that thickness, roughness, porosity and liquid uptake of the membranes increase with the amount of surfactant used, while their mechanical properties and stability in aqueous media decrease. Other important properties such as color and surface hydrophilicity (water contact angle) are not significantly altered or did not present a clear tendency of variation with the increase of the amount of surfactant added to the polyelectrolyte complexes, such as real density, average pore diameter, total pore volume and surface area. The prepared biomaterials were not cytotoxic to L929 cells. In conclusion, it is possible to tune the physicochemical properties of chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complexes, through the variation of the proportion of surfactant (Pluronic F68) added to the mixture, so as to enable the desired application of these biomaterials.

Sci1 Is A Component Of The Auxin-dependent Control Of Cell Proliferation In Arabidopsis Upper Pistil.

To characterize the recently described SCI1 (stigma/style cell cycle inhibitor 1) gene relationship with the auxin pathway, we have taken the advantage of the Arabidopsis model system and its available tools. At first, we have analyzed the At1g79200 T-DNA insertion mutants and constructed various transgenic plants. The loss- and gain-of-function plants displayed cell number alterations in upper pistils that were controlled by the amino-terminal domain of the protein. These data also confirmed that this locus holds the functional homolog (AtSCI1) of the Nicotiana tabacum SCI1 gene. Then, we have provided some evidences the auxin synthesis/signaling pathways are required for downstream proper AtSCI1 control of cell number: (a) its expression is downregulated in yuc2yuc6 and npy1 auxin-deficient mutants, (b) triple (yuc2yuc6sci1) and double (npy1sci1) mutants mimicked the auxin-deficient phenotypes, with no synergistic interactions, and (c) the increased upper pistil phenotype in these last mutants, which is a consequence of an increased cell number, was able to be complemented by AtSCI1 overexpression. Taken together, our data strongly suggests SCI1 as a component of the auxin signaling transduction pathway to control cell proliferation/differentiation in stigma/style, representing a molecular effector of this hormone on pistil development.