A investigação do crime em O dia da coruja e A cada um o seu, de Leonardo Sciascia, e em A forma da água e O ladrão de merendas, de Andrea Camilleri

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar e discutir os romances-ensaios O Dia da Coruja e A Cada um o Seu, de Leonardo Sciascia, em perspectiva comparada com as narrativas policiais A Forma da Água e O Ladrão de Merendas, de Andrea Camilleri, no que diz respeito aos traços estilísticos, históricos e temáticos das obras em foco. Na pesquisa, refletiu-se sobre a utilização da estrutura do romance policial como estratégia de composição empregada pelos dois autores sicilianos, a fim de criticarem a realidade sociopolítica italiana dos últimos 50 anos. Ao final, apontam-se diferenças e identidades existentes entre os citados títulos e se conclui que, L.Sciascia, em tom amargo e incisivo, deu à matéria de seus romances um perfil tanto de narrativa ficcional quanto de ensaio político-filosófico, com o objetivo de denunciar, em seus pseudo-gialli, não apenas crimes, mas, principalmente, a falta de ética no seio da justiça de seu país. Já A.Camilleri eternizou seu perfil de escritor giallista, criando a figura do inspetor Salvo Montalbano e ao lançar mão do recurso do riso sério. Tal artifício não invalidou, ao contrário, sublinhou ironicamente a denúncia a toda forma de criminalidade, de corrupção e de abuso do poder, na fictícia Vigata, espaço imaginário representativo da Sicilia e da Itália

La voix d’Andrea Camilleri en France: approche sociolinguistique du roman « La stagione della caccia » et de sa traduction

Questo elaborato si propone di introdurre il lettore all’universo di Andrea Camilleri, con particolare riferimento alle peculiarità linguistiche che contraddistinguono le sue opere. La lingua da lui utilizzata risulta in una combinazione di dialetto siciliano, italiano standard et una lingua familiare semi-inventata, a cui si aggiunge la varietà di registri impiegati, che investono tutte le variazioni del repertorio linguistico italiano. Questo tipo di scrittura complica il lavoro del traduttore, in quanto poche sono le lingue straniere che presentano una varietà dialettale simile a quella italiana. In particolare la lingua francese, profondamente legata alla norma e al bon usage, risulta poco elastica e quindi restia agli “sconvolgimenti” che invece Camilleri apporta, con risultati divertenti e apprezzati. L’opera oggetto del nostro studio, La stagione della caccia, insiste particolarmente sulla varietà diatopica, varietà che la traduttrice francese Dominique Vittoz ha deciso di preservare impiegando una parlata regionale poco conosciuta, ma appartenente al suo ambito familiare: il lionese. In tal modo, ricorrendo a tecniche di equivalenza e di compensazione, la traduttrice riesce abilmente e rendere in francese la stessa espressività del testo italiano, caratterizzando i personaggi attraverso il loro modo di esprimersi. Lo scopo del nostro lavoro è quello di dimostrare, attraverso l’analisi di alcune parti del testo, che la variazione diatopica è presente tanto nell’opera originale quanto nella sua traduzione. Inoltre, questa analisi ci permetterà di confrontare la situazione sociolinguistica di Italia e Francia, e di passare in rassegna i problemi e le strategie della traduzione in prospettiva sociolinguistica, con particolare attenzione alla traduzione di un linguaggio non standard. Una questione che continua a suscitare numerosi dibattiti e affascina traduttori, autori e non solo.

La lingua "vastasa". Tradurre una lingua d'autore: Il caso Camilleri

Lo scopo di questa tesi è analizzare alcune esperienze traduttive in lingua straniera (inglese e francese) delle opere di Andrea Camilleri.

Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, Andrea Camilleri y Paco Ignacio Taibo II. Una lectura de la filiación

Una de las facetas de Manuel Vázquez Montalbán es la de ser reconocido como iniciador de prácticas discursivas que se manifiestan renovadas en escritores de otras latitudes. Tal es el caso de Paco Ignacio Taibo II y Andrea Camilleri quienes han declarado explícitamente sus aprovechamientos literarios de algunos rasgos de la obra del español. La cuestión de la filiación resulta clave para pensar estas relaciones. La filiación pasa por lo menos por dos meridianos identificables. El primero es la dimensión política dirimida en términos policiales y el segundo, pasa por la presencia de un actor detective que encarna la otra gran filiación: la novela negra americana. En su paso a través de la escritura de VM se hace carne en Carvalho-Biscuter, para proliferar luego en los conjuntos de detectives sicilianos y mexicanos.

Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, Andrea Camilleri y Paco Ignacio Taibo II. Una lectura de la filiación

Una de las facetas de Manuel Vázquez Montalbán es la de ser reconocido como iniciador de prácticas discursivas que se manifiestan renovadas en escritores de otras latitudes. Tal es el caso de Paco Ignacio Taibo II y Andrea Camilleri quienes han declarado explícitamente sus aprovechamientos literarios de algunos rasgos de la obra del español. La cuestión de la filiación resulta clave para pensar estas relaciones. La filiación pasa por lo menos por dos meridianos identificables. El primero es la dimensión política dirimida en términos policiales y el segundo, pasa por la presencia de un actor detective que encarna la otra gran filiación: la novela negra americana. En su paso a través de la escritura de VM se hace carne en Carvalho-Biscuter, para proliferar luego en los conjuntos de detectives sicilianos y mexicanos.

Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, Andrea Camilleri y Paco Ignacio Taibo II. Una lectura de la filiación

Una de las facetas de Manuel Vázquez Montalbán es la de ser reconocido como iniciador de prácticas discursivas que se manifiestan renovadas en escritores de otras latitudes. Tal es el caso de Paco Ignacio Taibo II y Andrea Camilleri quienes han declarado explícitamente sus aprovechamientos literarios de algunos rasgos de la obra del español. La cuestión de la filiación resulta clave para pensar estas relaciones. La filiación pasa por lo menos por dos meridianos identificables. El primero es la dimensión política dirimida en términos policiales y el segundo, pasa por la presencia de un actor detective que encarna la otra gran filiación: la novela negra americana. En su paso a través de la escritura de VM se hace carne en Carvalho-Biscuter, para proliferar luego en los conjuntos de detectives sicilianos y mexicanos.

Re-envisioning sovereignty : the end of Westphalia?

Fables of sovereignty / Wayne Hudson Sovereignty discourse and practice : past and future / Joseph Camilleri Guises of sovereignty / Gerry Simpson Westphalian and Islamic concepts of sovereignty in the Middle East / Amin Saikal Wither sovereignty in Southeast Asia today? / See Seng Tan Ambivalent sovereignty : China and re-imagining the Westphalian ideal / Yongjin Zhang Confronting terrorism : dilemmas of principle and practice regarding sovereignty / Brian L. Job Sovereignty in the 21st century : security, immigration, and refugees / Howard Adelman State sovereignty and international refugee protection / Robyn Lui Do no harm : towards a Hippocratic standard for international civilisation / Neil Arya Sovereignty and the global politics of the environment : beyond Westphalia? / Lorraine Elliott Westphalian sovereignty in the shadow of international justice? a fresh coat of paint for a tainted concept / Jackson Nyamuya Maogoto Development assistance and the hollow sovereignty of the weak / Roland Rich Corruption and transparency in governance and development : reinventing sovereignty for promoting good governance / C. Raj Kumar Re-envisioning economic sovereignty : developing countries and the International Monetary Fund / Ross P. Buckley Trust, legitimacy, and the sharing of sovereignty / William Maley Sovereignty as indirect rule / Barry Hindess Indigenous sovereignty / Paul Keal Civil society in a post-statist circumstance / Jan Aart Scholte.

High-resolution loss of heterozygosity screening implicates PTPRJ as a potential tumor suppressor gene that affects susceptibility to non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

We employed a Hidden-Markov-Model (HMM) algorithm in loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data from Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) entities, follicular lymphoma (FL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This revealed a high frequency of LOH over the chromosomal region 11p11.2, containing the gene encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J (PTPRJ). Although PTPRJ regulates components of key survival pathways in B-cells (i.e., BCR, MAPK, and PI3K signaling), its role in B-cell development is poorly understood. LOH of PTPRJ has been described in several types of cancer but not in any hematological malignancy. Interestingly, FL cases with LOH exhibited down-regulation of PTPRJ, in contrast no significant variation of expression was shown in DLBCLs. In addition, sequence screening in Exons 5 and 13 of PTPRJ identified the G973A (rs2270993), T1054C (rs2270992), A1182C (rs1566734), and G2971C (rs4752904) coding SNPs (cSNPs). The A1182 allele was significantly more frequent in FLs and in NHLs with LOH. Significant over-representation of the C1054 (rs2270992) and the C2971 (rs4752904) alleles were also observed in LOH cases. A haplotype analysis also revealed a significant lower frequency of haplotype GTCG in NHL cases, but it was only detected in cases with retention. Conversely, haplotype GCAC was over-representated in cases with LOH. Altogether, these results indicate that the inactivation of PTPRJ may be a common lymphomagenic mechanism in these NHL subtypes and that haplotypes in PTPRJ gene may play a role in susceptibility to NHL, by affecting activation of PTPRJ in these B-cell lymphomas.

A novel immunodeficiency disorder characterized by genetic amplification of interleukin 25

Many primary immunodeficiency disorders of differing etiologies have been well characterized, and much understanding of immunological processes has been gained by investigating the mechanisms of disease. Here, we have used a whole-genome approach, employing single-nucleotide polymorphism and gene expression microarrays, to provide insight into the molecular etiology of a novel immunodeficiency disorder. Using DNA copy number profiling, we define a hyperploid region on 14q11.2 in the immunodeficiency case associated with the interleukin (IL)-25 locus. This alteration was associated with significantly heightened expression of IL25 following T-cell activation. An associated dominant type 2 helper T cell bias in the immunodeficiency case provides a mechanistic explanation for recurrence of infections by pathogens met by Th1-driven responses. Furthermore, this highlights the capacity of IL25 to alter normal human immune responses.

High levels of BACH2 associated with lower levels of BCL2 transcript abundance in t(14;18)(q21;q34) translocation positive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

The t(14;18)(q21;q34) BCL2 translocation is a common genetic alteration in follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. However, it is not invariably associated with BCL2 gene overexpression due to undefined mechanisms that regulate expression from the proximal immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) promoter. The BACH2 transcriptional repressor is able to modulate activity of this promoter. Here we have shown that, in tumor samples with BCL2 translocation, those with high levels of BACH2 had significantly lower BCL2 transcript abundance compared to those with low levels of BACH2. This indicates that BACH2 may be partially responsible for regulation of BCL2 expression from the t(14;18)(q21;q34) translocation.

Genetic susceptibility to complex traits : moving towards informed analysis of whole-genome screens

Susceptibility to complex traits, by definition, involves aetiological polymorphisms at multiple genetic loci combined with variable contributions by environmental factors. However, the approaches taken to identifying genetic loci implicated in susceptibility to complex traits frequently overlooks the compounding contribution of multiple loci in favour of highlighting a single gene solely responsible for predisposition. It is only in a small minority of cases that this has resulted in clear disease heritability associated with polymorphisms in a single gene. More often, this approach has led to an accumulation of single-gene associations with minor contributions to disease susceptibility. As the genomic era advances and genome-wide screens become higher in resolution and throughput, the need for simultaneous consideration of multiple loci is becoming more important. With special reference to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), this chapter will overview the current progress made in elucidating genetic polymorphisms associated with disease susceptibility. We also present novel data from a high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray screen for susceptibility loci that are involved in NHL. Using an ‘informed approach’, the findings are highlighted within the context of cellular pathways, and provide insight and new ideas for methods of analysis for genome-wide screens for susceptibility.

In silico analyses reveal common cellular pathways affected by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events in the lymphomagenesis of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)

Background The analysis of cellular networks and pathways involved in oncogenesis has increased our knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie tumour biology and has unmasked new molecular targets that may lead to the design of better anti-cancer therapies. Recently, using a high resolution loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis, we identified a number of potential tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) within common LOH regions across cases suffering from two of the most common forms of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), Follicular Lymphoma (FL) and Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). From these studies LOH of the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J (PTPRJ) gene was identified as a common event in the lymphomagenesis of these B-cell lymphomas. The present study aimed to determine the cellular pathways affected by the inactivation of these TSGs including PTPRJ in FL and DLBCL tumourigenesis. Results Pathway analytical approaches identified that candidate TSGs located within common LOH regions participate within cellular pathways, which may play a crucial role in FL and DLBCL lymphomagenesis (i.e., metabolic pathways). These analyses also identified genes within the interactome of PTPRJ (i.e. PTPN11 and B2M) that when inactivated in NHL may play an important role in tumourigenesis. We also detected genes that are differentially expressed in cases with and without LOH of PTPRJ, such as NFATC3 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 3). Moreover, upregulation of the VEGF, MAPK and ERBB signalling pathways was also observed in NHL cases with LOH of PTPRJ, indicating that LOH-driving events causing inactivation of PTPRJ, apart from possibly inducing a constitutive activation of these pathways by reduction or abrogation of its dephosphorylation activity, may also induce upregulation of these pathways when inactivated. This finding implicates these pathways in the lymphomagenesis and progression of FL and DLBCL. Conclusions The evidence obtained in this research supports findings suggesting that FL and DLBCL share common pathogenic mechanisms. Also, it indicates that PTPRJ can play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of these B-cell tumours and suggests that activation of PTPRJ might be an interesting novel chemotherapeutic target for the treatment of these B-cell tumours.

Computational epigenetic profiling of CpG islets in MTHFR

Computational epigenetics is a new area of research focused on exploring how DNA methylation patterns affect transcription factor binding that affect gene expression patterns. The aim of this study was to produce a new protocol for the detection of DNA methylation patterns using computational analysis which can be further confirmed by bisulfite PCR with serial pyrosequencing. The upstream regulatory element and pre-initiation complex relative to CpG islets within the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene were determined via computational analysis and online databases. The 1,104 bp long CpG island located near to or at the alternative promoter site of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene was identified. The CpG plot indicated that CpG islets A and B, within the island, contained 62 and 75 % GC content CpG ratios of 0.70 and 0.80–0.95, respectively. Further exploration of the CpG islets A and B indicates that the transcription start sites were GGC which were absent from the TATA boxes. In addition, although six PROSITE motifs were identified in CpG B, no motifs were detected in CpG A. A number of cis-regulatory elements were found in different regions within the CpGs A and B. Transcription factors were predicted to bind to CpGs A and B with varying affinities depending on the DNA methylation status. In addition, transcription factor binding may influence the expression patterns of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene by recruiting chromatin condensation inducing factors. These results have significant implications for the understanding of the architecture of transcription factor binding at CpG islets as well as DNA methylation patterns that affect chromatin structure.