Spanish colonial literature in South America,

Bibliography: p. 585-650.

Orientalism and Imperialism in French West Africa. Considerations on travel literature, colonial tourism, and the desert as a “commodity” in Mauritania

In this article we intend to make a summary overview of the influence that literary production, originated under colonial mapping missions or later in travel writing, had in the construction and establishment of a discourse to advertise and promote tourism in Mauritania. To this end we will draw on travel narratives that are illustrative of different periods and that correspond in some way to discourses of otherness. In this specific case, such discourses relate to the “Moors” of the West African coast and were produced in various historical contexts. We will also consider the discourse present in the tourism promotion materials of the colonial period and we will demonstrate to what extent it can be engaged in a dialogue with 19th and 20th centuries’ Western colonial literature.

A library of American literature from the earliest settlement to the present time,

Contents.--v. 1. Early colonial literature, 1607-1675.--v. 2. Later colonial literature, 1676-1764.--v. 3. Literature of the revolutionary period, 1765-1787.--v. 4. Literature of the republic, pt. 1, 1788-1820.--v. 5. Literature of the republic, pt. 2, 1821-1834.--v. 6-8. Literature of the republic, pt. 3, 1835-1860.--v. 9.-10. Literature of the republic, pt. 4, 1861-1888.--v. 11. Literature of the republic, pt. 4, 1861-1888 (continued) Additional selections, 1834-1889. Short biographies of all authors represented in this work, by Arthur Stedman. General index.

A library of American literature...

Contents.- v. 1. Early colonial literature, 1607-1675.- v. 2. Later colonial literature, 1676-1764.- v. 3. Literature of the revolutionary period, 1765-1787.- v. 4. Literature of the Republic. pt. 1. 1788-1820.- v. 5. Literature of the Republic. pt. 2. 1821-1834.- v. 6-8. Literature of the Republic. pt. 4, cont. 1861-1888.- v. 11. Literature of the Republic. pt. 4, cont. 1861-1889. Short biographies of all authors represented in this work, by Arthur Stedman. General index.

Teachers' experiences in and perceptions of their 12th-grade British literature classrooms

The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences and perceptions of 12th-grade literature teachers about curriculum, Post-Colonial literature, and students. Theories posed by Piaget (1995), Vygotsky (1995), and Rosenblatt (1995) formed the framework for this micro-ethnographic study. Seven teachers from public and private schools in South Florida participated in this two-phase study; three teachers in Phase I and four in Phase II. All participants completed individual semi-structured interviews and demographic surveys. In addition, four of the teachers were observed teaching. The analysis yielded three themes and two sub-themes: (a) knowledge concerned teachers' knowledge of British literature content and Post-Colonial authors and their literature; (b) freedom described teachers' freedom to choose how to teach their content. Included in this theme was dilemmas associated with 12th-grade classrooms which described issues that were pertinent to the 12th-grade teacher and classroom that were revealed by the study; and (c) thoughts about students described teachers' perceptions about students and how literature might affect the students. Two subthemes of knowledge were as follows:(1) text complexity described teacher responses to a Post-Colonial text's complexity and (2) student desirability/teachability described teachers' perception about how desirable Post-Colonial texts would be to students and whether teachers would be willing to teach these texts. The researcher offers recommendations for understanding factors associated with 12th-grade teachers perceptions and implications for enhancing the 12th-grade experience for teachers and curriculum, based on this study: (a) build teacher morale and capacity, (b) treat all students as integral components of the teaching and learning process; teachers in this study thought teaching disenfranchised learners was a form of punishment meted out by the administration, and (c) include more Post-Colonial authors in school curricula in colleges and schools as most teachers in this study did not study this type of literature nor knew how to teach it.

Visions and values : the Children’s Book Council of Australia’s prizing of picture books in the twenty-first century

The Children’s Book Council of Australia (CBCA) administers the oldest national prize for children’s literature in Australia. Each year, the CBCA confers “Book of the Year” awards to literature for young people in five categories. In 2001, the establishment of an “Early Childhood” category opened up the venerable “Picture Book” category (first awarded in 1955) to books with an implied readership up to 18 years of age. As a result, this category has emerged in recent years as a highly visible space within which the CBCA can contest discourses of cultural marginalisation insofar as Australian (“colonial”) literature is constructed as inferior or adjunct to the major Anglophone literary traditions, and the consistent identification of children’s literature (and, indeed, of children) as lesser than its ‘adult’ counterparts. The CBCA is engaged in defining, evaluating, and legitimising a tradition of Australian children’s literature which is underpinned by a canonical impulse, and is a reflexive practice of self-definition, self-evaluation and self-legitimisation for the CBCA itself. While it is obviously problematic to identify award winners as a canon, it is equally obvious that literary prizing is a cultural practice derived from the logic of canonicity. In his discussion of the United States’s Newbery Medal, Kenneth Kidd notes that “Medal books are instant classics, the selection process an ostensible simulation of the test of time” (169) and that “the Medal is part of the canonical architecture of children's literature” (169). Thus, it is instructive to consider the visions and values of the national, of the social, and of the literary-aesthetic, in the picture books chosen by the Children’s Book Council of Australia (CBCA) as the “best” of the early twenty-first century. These books not only constitute a kind of canon for contemporary Australian children’s literature, but may well come to define what contemporary Australian children’s literature means in the wider literary field. The Book of the Year: Picture Book awards given by the CBCA since 2001 demonstrate that it is not only true of the Booker Prize that, “The choices of winning books reflect not only on the books themselves, then, but also back on the Prize, affecting its reputation and creating journalistic capital which is vital for the Prize to achieve its prominence and impact.” (81). Many of the twenty-first century CBCA award-winning picture books complicate traditional or comfortable understanding of Australianness, children’s literature, or “appropriate” modes of form and content, reminding us that “moments when texts resist or complicate recuperation into national discourses offer fruitful points for exploring the relationships between text and celebratory context” (Roberts 6). The CBCA has taken the opportunities offered by the liberation of the Picture Book category from an implied readership to challenge dominant constructions of children’s literature in Australia, and in so doing, are engaged in overt practices of canonicity with potentially long-lasting effects. Works Cited: Kidd, Kenneth. “Prizing Children’s Literature: The Case of Newbery Gold.” Children's Literature 35 (2007): 166-190. Roberts, Gillian. Prizing Literature: The Celebration and Circulation of National Culture. Toronto: U Toronto P, 2011. Squires, Claire. “Book Marketing and the Booker Prize.” Judging a Book by Its Cover: Fans, Publishers, Designers, and the Marketing of Fiction. Eds. Nicole Matthews and Nickianne Moody. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. 71-82.

Dogs in the paradise: The influence of the cynical philosophy in the construction of the myth of the good savage

This paper studies the influence of cynic philosophy in the construction of the myth of the good savage. In the first part it studies the importance of cynicism in the XVI century and how the cynic influence of Erasmus, More and Montaigne was fundamental to the way that Europe approached the American indigenous. In the second part it studies the cynic motives that could have influenced in the construction of the myth of the good savage.

Scénographies mémorielles et figurations médiatiques de la guerre d’Algérie

Cette thèse montre comment fonctionnent et se déploient, au sein des œuvres littéraires, filmiques et webfilmiques, des scénographies mémorielles et des figurations médiatiques de la guerre d’Algérie. Empruntant sa méthodologie à la sociocritique des textes et aux études intermédiales, l’étude porte sur la manière dont le souvenir de l’évènement se confond avec celle de le relater. Elle examine le rôle du médium qui donne une forme, une matérialité, un dispositif, un type de reconnaissance institutionnelle aux représentations de la guerre et de la mémoire, contribuant aussi à former, modeler le souvenir en le rendant perceptible et intelligible. Comment les groupes de mémoire de la guerre d’Algérie, (harkis, immigration algérienne, pieds-noirs) vivent-ils – toutes proportions et différences gardées – leur rapport au passé à partir du présent ? Leurs mémoires, médiées par les vecteurs culturels (cinéma, littérature, etc.), se disent à partir de sites d’énonciations plurielles dont les espaces (topographies) et les temps (chronographies) sont communs. Elles s’approprient le souvenir de façon similaire, par les scènes narratives du procès, de la rencontre ou du retour construites par le texte littéraire ou filmique. La première partie interroge les rapports entre histoire et mémoire ; en France, leurs conceptions et pratiques, se heurtent à une nouvelle économie mémorielle dans laquelle des groupes de mémoire de la guerre d’Algérie réclament que leur histoire soit reconnue et enseignée. Appuyée par une périodisation de la production gigantesque des cinquante dernières années et par une revue critique de la recherche internationale menée à ce sujet, cette réflexion prend acte de la dispute post-coloniale française et considère l’auteur porteur de mémoire de la guerre d’Algérie pour son exemplarité en tant que témoin post-colonial. Les deuxième, troisième et quatrième parties de cette thèse déplient quant à elles, la scénographie mémorielle spécifique à trois auteurs, tout en la mettant en relation avec d’autres œuvres de genre et médium très différents. Le premier corpus est composé de : Moze de Zahia Rahmani, du tryptique de Mehdi Charef (À-bras-le-cœur, 1962. Le dernier voyage, Cartouches gauloises) et d’Exils de Tony Gatlif. À ces titres s’ajoutent des œuvres qui marquent une série, ensemble aux contours flous auxquels ils se rattachent et qui permettent de mettre à la fois en perspective le commun entretenu entre la série et l’œuvre de l’un des trois auteurs, et la manière dont l’auteur, Rahmani, Charef ou Gatlif s’en distingue de façon significative. Enfin, un troisième type d’œuvres intervient dans l’analyse comme contrepoint souvent paradoxal de cette série.

A arte da memória da guerra (Fim de Império, de António Vieira)

Depois de se referir genericamente à literatura portuguesa sobre a guerra colonial, e à literatura sobre as guerras de libertação nas antigas colónias portuguesas, o autor analisa o romance Fim de Império, de António Vieira, pondo em destaque as suas principais características, nomeadamente a tonalidade proustiana de Temps retrouvé, que domina a narrativa, o modo como nele são abordados o tema do romance dentro do romance, os paradoxos da guerra, os grandes temas da vida e da morte, e o estertor do império colonial.

La identidad transfigurada: las prácticas barrocas de ocultamiento en el discurso ilustrado de Eugenio Espejo (Dossier: Novela, historia y nación en América Latina)

Este texto toma por objeto el conjunto de la obra de Eugenio Espejo (Quito, 1747-1795) para recorrer en ella su complejo sistema de desdoblamientos, proyecciones y ocultamientos –fundamentados en el mecanismo del anónimo– que la ubican como el caso más interesante y significativo de las letras ecuatorianas en lo que se refiere a la génesis autoral. El propósito de Landázuri es sintetizar y ordenar la información existente sobre los procedimientos de desdoblamiento o anonimato visibles en la obra de Espejo y tratar de comprenderlos a la luz de los mecanismos discursivos del barroco, enfrentados –o asimilados– en el paradigma dieciochesco de la Ilustración. Para ello, acude a las tesis de Bolívar Echeverría sobre el “ethos barroco” y sus relaciones con la concepción de modernidad, lo cual sin duda permite una comprensión bastante amplia de lo que ocurre en la obra y cosmovisión de Espejo como síntesis y caso significativo de su época.

¿Confiar en los criollos? Apreciaciones sobre la condición de los españoles americanos en el siglo XVIII

Este trabajo realiza una reflexión sobre el recelo que el sector criollo ocasionaba en las altas magistraturas de la monarquía hispánica, de la que emana, obviamente, la política selectiva de cargos y honores tanto en el ámbito de la administración como en el de la Iglesia. El talento y la calidad moral de este segmento de la población estuvo, más que en ninguna otra época, en tela de juicio a lo largo de todo el siglo XVIII. El trabajo traza una panorámica sustentada en obras y documentos del setecientos donde se realizan apologías o críticas de los españoles americanos. La hipótesis que sostiene esta investigación plantea que si la desconfianza hacia la población hispánica de América no hubiera calado tan profundamente, la política borbónica podría haber tenido otra orientación, y por tanto la memoria histórica de los criollos, posterior a la Independencia, podría haber sido menos negativa con respecto a su pasado virreinal

¿Confiar en los criollos? Apreciaciones sobre la condición de los españoles americanos en el siglo XVIII

Este trabajo realiza una reflexión sobre el recelo que el sector criollo ocasionaba en las altas magistraturas de la monarquía hispánica, de la que emana, obviamente, la política selectiva de cargos y honores tanto en el ámbito de la administración como en el de la Iglesia. El talento y la calidad moral de este segmento de la población estuvo, más que en ninguna otra época, en tela de juicio a lo largo de todo el siglo XVIII. El trabajo traza una panorámica sustentada en obras y documentos del setecientos donde se realizan apologías o críticas de los españoles americanos. La hipótesis que sostiene esta investigación plantea que si la desconfianza hacia la población hispánica de América no hubiera calado tan profundamente, la política borbónica podría haber tenido otra orientación, y por tanto la memoria histórica de los criollos, posterior a la Independencia, podría haber sido menos negativa con respecto a su pasado virreinal

¿Confiar en los criollos? Apreciaciones sobre la condición de los españoles americanos en el siglo XVIII

Este trabajo realiza una reflexión sobre el recelo que el sector criollo ocasionaba en las altas magistraturas de la monarquía hispánica, de la que emana, obviamente, la política selectiva de cargos y honores tanto en el ámbito de la administración como en el de la Iglesia. El talento y la calidad moral de este segmento de la población estuvo, más que en ninguna otra época, en tela de juicio a lo largo de todo el siglo XVIII. El trabajo traza una panorámica sustentada en obras y documentos del setecientos donde se realizan apologías o críticas de los españoles americanos. La hipótesis que sostiene esta investigación plantea que si la desconfianza hacia la población hispánica de América no hubiera calado tan profundamente, la política borbónica podría haber tenido otra orientación, y por tanto la memoria histórica de los criollos, posterior a la Independencia, podría haber sido menos negativa con respecto a su pasado virreinal

“O CRISTO AFOGADO: UMA NÃO-CRISTOLOGIA” RELIGIÃO, LITERATURA E PÓS-COLONIALISMO

O objetivo dessa tese é aprofundar, a partir do discurso pós-colonial, uma crise na perspectiva teológica da libertação. Esta promoveu, na década de 1970, uma reviravolta nos estudos teológicos no terceiro mundo. Para tanto, leremos um conto de Gabriel García Márquez chamado “El ahogado más hermosodel mundo” (1968) analizando e avaliando as estratégias políticas e culturais ali inscritas. Para levar a frente tal avaliação é preciso ampliar o escopo de uma visão que divide o mundo em secular/religioso, ou em ideias/práticas religiosas e não religiosas, para dar passo a uma visão unificada que compreende a mundanalidade, tanto do que é catalogado como ‘religioso’ quanto do que se pretende ‘não religioso’. A teologia/ciências da religião, como discurso científico sobre a economia das trocas que lidam com visões, compreensões e práticas de mundo marcadas pelo reconhecimento do mistério que lhes é inerente, possuem um papel fundamental na compreensão, explicitação, articulação e disponibilização de tais forças culturais. A percepção de existirem elementos no conto que se relacionam com os símbolos sobre Jesus/Cristo nos ofereceu um vetor de análise; entretanto, não nos deixamos limitar pelos grilhões disciplinares que essa simbologia implica. Ao mesmo tempo, esse vínculo, compreendido desde a relação imperial/colonial inerente aos discursos e imagens sobre Jesus-Cristo, embora sem centralizar a análise, não poderia ficar intocado. Partimos para a construção de uma estrutura teórica que explicitasse os valores, gestos, e horizontes mundanos do conto, cristológicos e não-cristológicos, contribuindo assim para uma desestabilização dos quadros tradicionais a partir dos quais se concebem a teologia e as ciências da religião, a obra de García Márquez como literatura, e a geografia imperial/colonial que postula o realismo ficcional de territórios como “América Latina”. Abrimos, assim, um espaço de significação que lê o conto como uma “não-cristologia”, deslocando o aprisionamento disciplinar e classificatório dos elementos envolvidos na análise. O discurso crítico de Edward Said, Homi Bhabha e GayatriSpivak soma-se à prática teórica de teólogas críticas feministas da Ásia, da África e da América Latina para formular o cenário político emancipatório que denominaremos teologia crítica secular.