Dynamic Ownership in Family Business System – A Portfolio Business Approach

Family businesses are among the longest-lived most prevalent institutions in the world and they are an important source of economic development and growth. Ownership is a key to the business life of the firm and also one main key in family business definition. There is only a little portfolio entrepreneurship or portfolio business research within family business context. The absence of empirical evidence on the long-term relationship between family ownership and portfolio development presents an important gap in the family business literature. This study deals with the family business ownership changes and the development of portfolios in the family business and it is positioned in to the conversation of family business, growth, ownership, management and strategy. This study contributes and expands the existing body of theory on family business and ownership. From the theoretical point of view this study combines insights from the fields of portfolio entrepreneurship, ownership, and family business and integrate them. This crossfertilization produces interesting empirical and theoretical findings that can constitute a basis for solid contributions to the understanding of ownership dynamics and portfolio entrepreneurship in family firms. The research strategy chosen for this study represents longitudinal, qualitative, hermeneutic, and deductive approaches.The empirical part of study is using a case study approach with embedded design, that is, multiple levels of analysis within a single study. The study consists of two cases and it begins with a pilot case which will form a preunderstanding on the phenomenon. Pilot case develops the methodology approach to build in the main case and the main case will deepen the understanding of the phenomenon. This study develops and tests a research method of family business portfolio development focusing on investigating how ownership changes are influencing to the family business structures over time. This study reveals the linkages between dimensions of ownership and how they give rise to portfolio business development within the context of the family business. The empirical results of the study suggest that family business ownership is dynamic and owners are using ownership as a tool for creating business portfolios.

The Japanese Business System: Key Features and Prospects for Change

This paper argues that the Japanese business system cannot be adequately understood without extending the focus of analysis beyond the individual firm to the vertical keiretsu, or business group. The vertical group or keiretsu structure was first identified and studied in the auto and electronics industries, where it is most strongly marked, but it characterizes virtually all sectors, service industries as well as manufacturing. Large industrial vertical keiretsu are composed of subsidiaries engaged in three distinct types of activities (manufacturing, marketing, and quasirelated business). The coordination and control systems are built on the flows of products, financial resources, information and technology, and people across formal company boundaries, with the parent firm controlling the key flows. The paper examines the prevailing explanations first for the emergence and then for the persistence of the vertical group structure, and looks at the current pressures for change and adaptation in the system.

Skapandet av ett webbaserat ärendehanteringssystem för affärssystemet Pyramid med Scrum : Creation of a web based case management system for the business system Pyramid with Scrum

The business system known as Pyramid does today not provide its user with a reasonable system regarding case management for support issues. The current system in place requires the customer to contact its provider via telephone to register new cases. In addition to this, current system doesn’t include any way for the user to view any of their current cases without contacting the provider.A solution to this issue is to migrate the current case management system from a telephone contact to a web based platform, where customers could easier access their current cases, but also directly through the website create new cases. This new system would reduce the time required to manually manage each individual case, for both customer and provider, resulting in an overall reduction in cost for both parties.The result is a system divided into two different sections, the first one is an API created in Pyramid that acts as a web service, and the second one a website which customers can connect to. The website will allow users to overview their current cases, but also the option to create new cases directly through the site. All the information used to the website is obtained through the web service inside Pyramid. Analyzing the final design of the system, the developers where able to conclude both positive and negative aspects of the systems’ final design. If the platform chosen was the optimal choice or not, and also what can be include if the system is further developed, will be discussed.The development process and the method used during development will also be analyzed and discussed, what positive and negative aspects that where encountered. In addition to this the cause and effect of a development team smaller than the suggested size will also be analyzed. Lastly an analysis of actions that could’ve been made in order to prevent certain issues from occurring will.

Corporate networks in Poland: Interlocking directorates and business systems

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

The social disembedding of business theory and practice. A (neo-)institutional analysis of the homo economicus and corporate social responsibility, and the inherent responsibility of business scholars

Aim Structure of the Thesis In the first article, I focus on the context in which the Homo Economicus was constructed - i.e., the conception of economic actors as fully rational, informed, egocentric, and profit-maximizing. I argue that the Homo Economicus theory was developed in a specific societal context with specific (partly tacit) values and norms. These norms have implicitly influenced the behavior of economic actors and have framed the interpretation of the Homo Economicus. Different factors however have weakened this implicit influence of the broader societal values and norms on economic actors. The result is an unbridled interpretation and application of the values and norms of the Homo Economicus in the business environment, and perhaps also in the broader society. In the second article, I show that the morality of many economic actors relies on isomorphism, i.e., the attempt to fit into the group by adopting the moral norms surrounding them. In consequence, if the norms prevailing in a specific group or context (such as a specific region or a specific industry) change, it can be expected that actors with an 'isomorphism morality' will also adapt their ethical thinking and their behavior -for the 'better' or for the 'worse'. The article further describes the process through which corporations could emancipate from the ethical norms prevailing in the broader society, and therefore develop an institution with specific norms and values. These norms mainly rely on mainstream business theories praising the economic actor's self-interest and neglecting moral reasoning. Moreover, because of isomorphism morality, many economic actors have changed their perception of ethics, and have abandoned the values prevailing in the broader society in order to adopt those of the economic theory. Finally, isomorphism morality also implies that these economic actors will change their morality again if the institutional context changes. The third article highlights the role and responsibility of business scholars in promoting a systematic reflection and self-critique of the business system and develops alternative models to fill the moral void of the business institution and its inherent legitimacy crisis. Indeed, the current business institution relies on assumptions such as scientific neutrality and specialization, which seem at least partly challenged by two factors. First, self-fulfilling prophecy provides scholars with an important (even if sometimes undesired) normative influence over practical life. Second, the increasing complexity of today's (socio-political) world and interactions between the different elements constituting our society question the strong specialization of science. For instance, economic theories are not unrelated to psychology or sociology, and economic actors influence socio-political structures and processes, e.g., through lobbying (Dobbs, 2006; Rondinelli, 2002), or through marketing which changes not only the way we consume, but more generally tries to instill a specific lifestyle (Cova, 2004; M. K. Hogg & Michell, 1996; McCracken, 1988; Muniz & O'Guinn, 2001). In consequence, business scholars are key actors in shaping both tomorrow's economic world and its broader context. A greater awareness of this influence might be a first step toward an increased feeling of civic responsibility and accountability for the models and theories developed or taught in business schools.

Customer driven business model – connecting customer value to firm resources in ICT value networks

The objective of this thesis is to provide a business model framework that connects customer value to firm resources and explains the change logic of the business model. Strategic supply management and especially dynamic value network management as its scope, the dissertation is based on basic economic theories, transaction cost economics and the resource-based view. The main research question is how the changing customer values should be taken into account when planning business in a networked environment. The main question is divided into questions that form the basic research problems for the separate case studies presented in the five Publications. This research adopts the case study strategy, and the constructive research approach within it. The material consists of data from several Delphi panels and expert workshops, software pilot documents, company financial statements and information on investor relations on the companies’ web sites. The cases used in this study are a mobile multi-player game value network, smart phone and “Skype mobile” services, the business models of AOL, eBay, Google, Amazon and a telecom operator, a virtual city portal business system and a multi-play offering. The main contribution of this dissertation is bridging the gap between firm resources and customer value. This has been done by theorizing the business model concept and connecting it to both the resource-based view and customer value. This thesis contributes to the resource-based view, which deals with customer value and firm resources needed to deliver the value but has a gap in explaining how the customer value changes should be connected to the changes in key resources. This dissertation also provides tools and processes for analyzing the customer value preferences of ICT services, constructing and analyzing business models and business concept innovation and conducting resource analysis.

System.

Description based on: Vol. 2, no. 1 (Dec. 1901); title from cover.

Business systems purpose, analysis

This thesis deals with the problematic of the business systems systemic purpose definition. The definition of the systemic purpose, which is regarded as the utmost expression of the system's purposefulness, is to be achieved by ensuring the participation of all the stakeholders, if possible, who affect or they are affected by the business system's operations. The nature of participation, defined as a process of the stakeholders' perceptual exchanges, is deemed to be problematic in itself due to the influence exerted upon it by organisational power, coercion and false consciousness. The main focus of the thesis then is to make aware and provide the stakeholders with an explicit philosophical pedestal and a set of principles upon which a meta- epistemological framework for the enquiry of the business system's purposeful behaviour is developed. In addition, the thesis focuses on the development of a methodology that can be used by the stakeholders to achieve self-knowledge through the critical and systemic examination of their normative presuppositions, about the business system, at both sociological as well as the psychological levels concurrently and the subsequent development of an organisational intrinsically motivated information system. According to the critical systems philosophy and principles, developed in this thesis, normative presuppositions define the stakeholders' perceptions about the purposeful behaviour of the business system they perceived as having a material, an informational and/or an emacipatory stake (human interest) in. The methodology will provide Information Systems that demonstrably improve coordination of organisational activities by enabling the development and maintenance of a single/multifaceted view of purpose throughout organisations.

Italian interlocking directorates: structure, evolution and cross-country comparisons

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Liiketoimintasovelluksen integraatioratkaisu J2EE:n ja XML:n avulla

Työssä esitellään sovellusintegraation osia ja merkitystä sähköisessä liiketoiminnassa sekä toteutetaan toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän tietoja yrityksen asiakkaalle välittävä palvelu. Yritykset yhdistävät järjestelmänsä asiakkaiden ja liiketoimintakumppanien kanssa integroimalla. Työn teoriaosassa määritellään verkkoliiketoiminta, integraatioratkaisun osa-alueet ja integroinnin merkitys yrityksen kannalta sekä esitellään integrointiin käytettäviä perusteknologioita. Soveltavassa osassa toteutetaan paperiteollisuusyrityksen tilaus- ja toimitustietoja XML:n avulla lähettävä Java-pohjainen järjestelmä. Työssä tarkastellaan integraation merkitystä perusteknologian yrityksille ja integraation käytännön toteutusta. Tarkastelun tuloksena todetaan, että liiketoimintajärjestelmien integrointi on välttämätöntä yritysten kannattavuuden ja tehokkuuden kannalta. Integraatioprosessi on monimutkainen, joten sen toteutus vaatii tarkkaa suunnittelua, hallintaa ja aikaa.

Toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän käyttöönoton onnistuminen ja siihen vaikuttavat tekijät Pyrollsack Oy:ssä

Tämä diplomityö käsittelee toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän käyttöönottoa ja käyttöönoton kriittisten menestystekijöiden toteutumista. Työn tavoitteena oli tutkia kirjallisuudessa esiintyviä käyttöönoton kriittisiä menestystekijöitä ja verrata niitä Pyrollsack Oy:n käyttöönottoprosessista saatuihin kokemuksiin. Tuloksena voidaan havaita menestystekijät sekä esittää parannusehdotuksia havaittuihin heikkouksiin. Käyttöönottoprojektissa vahvuuksina nähtiin huolellinen valmistautuminen projektiin, uuden toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän strategisen merkityksen ymmärtäminen, nopea päätöksenteko sekä operatiivisen käyttöönoton ajoitus ja vaiheistus. Heikkouksina nähtiin liiallinen viive suunnittelun ja toteutuksen välillä, riittämättömät henkilöresurssit, ohjausryhmän toimimattomuus, viestintä, muutosjohtaminen, puutteellinen tietojen konversio, koulutus sekä toimittajan puutteellinen ymmärrys tehdystä vaatimusmäärittelystä. Käyttöönotto tulisi nähdä laajana projektina, joka koskee koko organisaatiota. Pienissä ja keskisuurissa yrityksissä erityistä huomiota tulee kiinnittää henkilöresurssien riittävyyteen. Uusi toiminnanohjausjärjestelmä saattaa aiheuttaa hetkellisen taantuman toiminnan sujuvuudessa. Toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän hyödyt toiminnalle ovat vaikeasti mitattavissa ja usein positiiviset vaikutukset havaitaan vasta vuosien päästä.

La perdurabilidad del sector estratégico de empaques de polietileno de baja densidad en la localidad de los Mártires de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C.

El presente texto tiene como objetivo identificar las prácticas organizacionales relevantes en dirección y gerencia que han desarrollado las empresas dedicadas a la fabricación y comercialización de empaques de polietileno de baja densidad (PEBD), ubicadas en Los Mártires, las cuales permitieron que dichas empresas se mantuvieran en el mercado durante más de una década, siendo entonces exitosas en medio de circunstancias adversas. El trabajo se apoya en la reflexión de los aspectos, alcances y primordiales enseñanzas del uso del instrumento: “Estudio de condiciones para la perdurabilidad” (ECP), como resultado de las investigaciones que adelanta el Grupo de Investigación en Perdurabilidad Empresarial (GIPE) de la Universidad del Rosario, que sirve a modo de metodología innovadora como parámetro importante para futuros trabajos tanto académicos como de consultoría, sobre el comportamiento de las organizaciones y las dinámicas en las cuales se desempeñan. El documento presenta inicialmente los conceptos que conforman la propuesta del “Estudio de condiciones para la perdurabilidad” (ECP), el contexto de las cadenas productivas del sector de plásticos, las particularidades de la localidad en donde se ubican y las características de las “pymes” en la ciudad de Bogotá, para establecer las dimensiones más significativas del perfil que las identifica hasta la fecha; para de tal manera estudiar posteriormente la serie de componentes que evidencian las condiciones propias de perdurabilidad. Finalmente, se determinan algunas prácticas organizacionales que han funcionado en los últimos años en las “pymes” en el contexto empresarial de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C., y se concluye que la perdurabilidad de dichas empresas constituye el surgimiento de propiedades y procesos complejos del sistema de empresas en su conjunto, que no son reducibles a las propiedades o procesos de las empresas individuales.

Liderazgo e innovación dentro del sistema de negocio. Estudio de caso de la campaña AmeriTel en Teleperformance Colombia

Uno de los retos más complejos que enfrentan los líderes de las empresas es obtener resultados que las hagan perdurables a lo largo del tiempo. Usualmente, la innovación es vista como una estrategia para mejorar los resultados a corto plazo y el liderazgo como habilitador de su implementación. Sin embargo, la innovación también puede ser vista como parte central del sistema de negocio, y las prácticas del liderazgo como facilitadores que permitan mejorar los resultados no sólo a corto, sino también a mediano y largo plazo. Con base en lo anterior, se realizó un estudio de caso en la campaña de AmeriTel en Teleperformance Colombia para analizar la asociación que tiene el liderazgo y la innovación con sus resultados, y cómo esta relación se refleja en la perdurabilidad de la campaña. De acuerdo a los hallazgos de la investigación, se puede observar el desempeño de una campaña que está enfocada en resultados, en cómo cambia la perspectiva y efectividad de todo el personal, pasando de la innovación de un nuevo modelo de gestión visto como estrategia, al mismo modelo visto como innovación dentro del modelo de negocio, el círculo del cambio y la aplicación de un liderazgo efectivo.

Política de competitividad y productividad en la internacionalización de las Mipymes en Colombia

La investigación “Política de Competitividad y Productividad en la Internacionalización de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (Mipymes) en Colombia”, tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto que han tenido los nuevos modelos de gestión empresarial planteados desde la Política de Productividad y Competitividad en Colombia; para modernizarlas y proyectarlas en un entorno globalizado de manera rentable y sostenible. Para cumplir con este objetivo, se realiza una investigación con fuentes primarias y secundarias, entrelazando un marco teórico en el contexto de la Mipyme en Colombia, una dinámica histórica del modo de hacer negocios, la Política de Competitividad y Productividad con sus retos de exportación en productos de valor agregado, y el desempeño productivo y competitivo del sistema empresarial colombiano. Bajo este panorama, se toman dos casos de estudio: el Clúster de la Moda de Bogotá y el Conglomerado Antioqueño, que permiten determinar factores de éxito o fracaso en el desempeño productivo y competitivo de empresas, donde los resultados obtenidos permiten evidenciar la importancia de los modelos asociativos en la gestión empresarial y cómo se desarrollan las empresas cuando se toman decisiones asumiendo posiciones de gestión gerencial.

Las prácticas de recursos humanos y su incidencia en el bienestar laboral de los empleados

El objetivo del presente trabajo es formular, mediante una profunda revisión documental, bibliográfica y empírica, una fundamentación teórica sobre si existe o no incidencia de las prácticas de recursos humanos sobre el bienestar laboral de los empleados, y el que grado en que esta se presenta sobre aspecto como el engagement y la satisfacción laboral. Se realizó la revisión de múltiples estudios empíricos que aportaran evidencia sobre la relación que se presenta entre las principales prácticas de recursos humanos – provisión de personal, formación y desarrollo, promoción de personal, evaluación de desempeño, compensación y pago, y balance trabajo-familia – y el bienestar laboral, representado en el engagement y satisfacción en el trabajo de los empleados. Los resultados de este trabajo indican la existencia de una relación e incidencia de las prácticas de recursos humanos, el bienestar laboral, el engagement y la satisfacción laboral. De igual forma se encontró que estas relaciones son principalmente de carácter positivo, lo cual indica que las organizaciones que desarrollan este tipo de prácticas en su interior, fomentan tanto el desarrollo y la presencia de bienestar laboral en sus empleados, como su perdurabilidad.