Seeing red: the use of Congo Red dye to identify cooked and damaged starch grains in archaeological residues

Starchy plant foods are significant in the diet of almost all peoples. Archaeologically, however, preservation of such plants is limited, and direct evidence of plant use by past people is also rare. Although starch grains can be preserved on artefacts used to process starchy plants, it is very difficult to identify grains damaged by processing methods such as milling or cooking. We present a method for identifying such damaged starch grains using Congo Red staining to identify cooking or milling activities in the past subsistence behaviour of Aboriginal people of southeast Queensland, Australia. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of the thermal behaviour of bevelled cutting inserts using a numerical approach

The nose geometry of a hard and brittle metal cutting tool is generally modified in order to avoid the premature failure due to fracture under tensile stresses. While most research findings point to a favourable mechanical load pattern, the possible influence of the shape of the geometry on the thermal fields and the consequent changes in the stressed state of the tool seem to have attained less attention. The present work aims at establishing the thermal behaviour of bevelled tools under varying geometrical and process parameters. Data generated from statistically designed experiments and quick-stop chip samples are coupled to conduct numerical investigations using a mixed finite and boundary element solution to obtain the temperature distribution in bevelled carbide inserts. Due consideration is given to the presence of the stagnation zone and its size and shape. While the cutting forces and temperatures increased owing to the blunt shape of the tool, the possible absence of tensile stresses was found to be the likely effect of a more uniform temperature distribution resulting from a significant plastic contact on the principal flank and the consequent flank heat source. The characteristic low-temperature zones close to the nose of the conventional tool are taken over by the stagnation zone in bevelled tools. © IMechE 2007.

Brass-pounders : young telegraphers of the Civil War /

Mode of access: Internet.

Marginal adaptation of class II cavities restored with bulk-fill composites

Objectives: To determine the marginal adaptation of bulk-fill composites in class II MO cavities.Methods: Standardized class II MO cavities with bevelled enamel margins were prepared in 40 extracted human molars. The teeth were randomly assigned to one of the five experimental groups (n = 8). The teeth were restored with two horizontal increments of composite (4 mm and 2 mm thickness). The experimental groups were (1st/2nd increment): Gr. A - Venus Bulk-Fill/Venus Diamond; Gr. B - Tetric EvoCeram BulkFill/Tetric EvoCeram; Gr. C - Surefil SDR/Ceram-X; Gr. D - SonicFill; Gr. E - Ceram-X/Ceram-X (control). After finishing procedures, impressions were made using a polyvinyl siloxane and epoxy resin replicas were obtained. Thermo-mechanical stressing was carried out 24 h after the restorative procedure. All specimens were submitted to 240,000 occlusal loading and simultaneous 600 thermal cycles in water at 5 degrees C and 50 degrees C. After loading, a new set of epoxy resin replicas was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out at 200x magnification. Results for the marginal adaptation were expressed as percentages of continuity relative to the exposed interface and analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan post hoc test (p < 0.05).Results: In enamel, no significant differences were detected before and after thermo-mechanical loading between groups. In dentine, the worst results were observed in Gr. A.Conclusion: By applying simple layering techniques, bulk-fill materials do not allow better marginal adaptation than a standard composite. Clinical significance: A new class of resin-base composite (bulk-fill) was recently launched on the market. The bulk-fill composites exhibited adequate marginal adaptation and similar to the results of the standard composite. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Discrepâncias de assentamento ocorrido em coroas totais metálicas, com e sem alívio interno, variando-se os términos cervicais e os agentes cimentantes

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT

Avaliação do selamento de ápices radiculares retrobturados ou recobertos com diferentes materiais mediante infiltração marginal por corante e análise da interface em microscopia eletrônica de varredura

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability and the marginal adaptation of five dental materials used in retrofillings or applied to the bevelled root surface. One hundred and forty extracted single rooted human teeth were used, divided into seven groups of twenty each. ln the first, second, third and fourth groups, the teeth were apicoectomized, submitted to cavity preparations and retrofilled with one of the following materiais: zinc free silver amalgam, a dentin bonding system plus composite resin, a glass ionomer cement ora compomer. In the fifth, sixth and seventh groups, the teeth were apicoectomized and capped on the bevelled root surface with one of the following materiais: a dentin bonding system plus composite resin, a glass ionomer cement or a compomer. Two specimens of each experimental group were evaluated for the marginal adaptation using scanning electron microscopy. The remaining 126 specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye, stored for one week at 37ºC and the infiltration was evaluated with a stereomicroscope. The results showed that the glass ionomer cement presented the lowest values of marginal infiltration when used as retrofilling material, with a significant statistical difference when compared with the others tested materials. When used as apical capping, the glass ionomer cement and the compomer were equivalent and significantly better than the dentin bonding system plus composite resin. Using scanning electron microscopy, all the materials showed some slight adjustment problem. ln the retrofilling, the smallest marginal gaps were observed with the compomer and the dentin bonding system plus composite resin, while the largest were observed with the glass ionomer cement and zinc free silver amalgam. ln the apical capping, the smallest marginal gaps were observed with the compomer and the dentin bonding system plus composite resin and ...

Paraklētikē : manuscript, 1353

Written by unidentified scribe in Church Slavic of Serbian recension, in semiuncial book hand in brown ink on vellum, headings and initials in red ink; front pages are missing; pagination in pencil starts on f. 1.

The Carnegie works at Pittsburgh.

"One hundred fifty copies ... printed."

Some stray notes upon Slough and Upton : collected from various sources.

"Privately printed."

A helping hand for town and country : an American home book of practical and scientific information concerning house and lawn, garden and orchard, field, barn and stable, apiary and fish pond, workshop and dairy, and the many important interests pertaining to domestic economy and family health /

"The kitchen and dining-room" on p. 633-698 include cooking recipes.

Baldwin Locomotive Works : illustrated catalogue of locomotives /

Illustrations include 16 black-and-white mounted photographs of locomotives.

Baldwin Locomotive Works : illustrated catalogue of locomotives /

"Sketch of the Baldwin Locomotive Works": p. 5-53.

The vicar of Wakefield : a tale /

Illustrations are 12 mounted photographs.