Une quête d'identité par le détour : «Dans ces bras-là», de Camille Laurens

L'articulation savante entre éléments autobiographiques, fiction et détournement de conventions sont caractéristiques du travail de Camille Laurens. Dans ces bras-là (2000) peut être décrit comme une quête d'identité par le détour de l'autre. En effet, le roman s'organise autour des trois rapports dichotomiques autobiographie-fiction, femme-homme et écriture-langage oral. Le résultat en est un regard complexe et profond sur l'identité de Camille Laurens qui est ici une femme, un auteur, mais aussi la narratrice d'un récit.

Character Networks and Centrality

A character network represents relations between characters from a text; the relations are based on text proximity, shared scenes/events, quoted speech, etc. Our project sketches a theoretical framework for character network analysis, bringing together narratology, both close and distant reading approaches, and social network analysis. It is in line with recent attempts to automatise the extraction of literary social networks (Elson, 2012; Sack, 2013) and other studies stressing the importance of character- systems (Woloch, 2003; Moretti, 2011). The method we use to build the network is direct and simple. First, we extract co-occurrences from a book index, without the need for text analysis. We then describe the narrative roles of the characters, which we deduce from their respective positions in the network, i.e. the discourse. As a case study, we use the autobiographical novel Les Confessions by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. We start by identifying co-occurrences of characters in the book index of our edition (Slatkine, 2012). Subsequently, we compute four types of centrality: degree, closeness, betweenness, eigenvector. We then use these measures to propose a typology of narrative roles for the characters. We show that the two parts of Les Confessions, written years apart, are structured around mirroring central figures that bear similar centrality scores. The first part revolves around the mentor of Rousseau; a figure of openness. The second part centres on a group of schemers, depicting a period of deep paranoia. We also highlight characters with intermediary roles: they provide narrative links between the societies in the life of the author. The method we detail in this complete case study of character network analysis can be applied to any work documented by an index. Un réseau de personnages modélise les relations entre les personnages d'un récit : les relations sont basées sur une forme de proximité dans le texte, l'apparition commune dans des événements, des citations dans des dialogues, etc. Notre travail propose un cadre théorique pour l'analyse des réseaux de personnages, rassemblant narratologie, close et distant reading, et analyse des réseaux sociaux. Ce travail prolonge les tentatives récentes d'automatisation de l'extraction de réseaux sociaux tirés de la littérature (Elson, 2012; Sack, 2013), ainsi que les études portant sur l'importance des systèmes de personnages (Woloch, 2003; Moretti, 2011). La méthode que nous utilisons pour construire le réseau est directe et simple. Nous extrayons les co-occurrences d'un index sans avoir recours à l'analyse textuelle. Nous décrivons les rôles narratifs des personnages en les déduisant de leurs positions relatives dans le réseau, donc du discours. Comme étude de cas, nous avons choisi le roman autobiographique Les Confessions, de Jean- Jacques Rousseau. Nous déduisons les co-occurrences entre personnages de l'index présent dans l'édition Slatkine (Rousseau et al., 2012). Sur le réseau obtenu, nous calculons quatre types de centralité : le degré, la proximité, l'intermédiarité et la centralité par vecteur propre. Nous utilisons ces mesures pour proposer une typologie des rôles narratifs des personnages. Nous montrons que les deux parties des Confessions, écrites à deux époques différentes, sont structurées autour de deux figures centrales, qui obtiennent des mesures de centralité similaires. La première partie est construite autour du mentor de Rousseau, qui a symbolisé une grande ouverture. La seconde partie se focalise sur un groupe de comploteurs, et retrace une période marquée par la paranoïa chez l'auteur. Nous mettons également en évidence des personnages jouant des rôles intermédiaires, et de fait procurant un lien narratif entre les différentes sociétés couvrant la vie de l'auteur. La méthode d'analyse des réseaux de personnages que nous décrivons peut être appliquée à tout texte de fiction comportant un index.

Entre désincarnation et réincarnation : la poétique du corps dans le récit d'un soi anorexique suivi de Carnet d'une désincarnée

Mémoire de recherche et création, incluant une partie essai et un texte de création.

Une littérature du décloisonnement : la construction de la figure de l'écrivain et du littéraire dans Comment faire l'amour avec un Nègre sans se fatiguer et Cette grenade dans la main du jeune Nègre est-elle une arme ou un fruit? de Dany Laferrière

Dany Laferrière, récemment admis à la prestigieuse Académie française, a produit une œuvre considérable au cours des trente dernières années. Deux de ces premiers romans, Comment faire l’amour avec un Nègre sans se fatiguer et Cette grenade dans la main du jeune Nègre est-elle une arme ou un fruit?, sont caractérisés par une intertextualité riche et variée. La trame narrative de ces deux romans est construite par fragments. Dans le premier texte, on retrouve un écrivain fictif qui procède à l’écriture d’un roman qu’il nomme Paradis du dragueur nègre. Dans le deuxième roman, nous retrouvons le même écrivain, mais ce dernier est plutôt employé par un magazine de la côte est afin de rédiger un reportage sur l’Amérique. Dans les deux cas, il y a une mise en scène de l’écriture par un écrivain fictif qui présente beaucoup de ressemblances avec Laferrière lui-même. Le lecteur assiste à la construction du récit qu’il est en train de lire à travers une autofiction originale. Il y a donc une multitude de ressemblances, et mêmes correspondances, entre les deux récits. Les deux romans de Laferrière s’inscrivent par leur thème, leur style et leur genre dans une « généalogie » de textes qui peuvent être regroupés en « familles » littéraires. Nous tenterons, dans le mémoire qui suit, de définir et de comprendre le rôle de ces « familles » et d’illustrer comment l’appropriation de ces textes permet à l’auteur à la fois de s’en inspirer et de s’en distancer. Il s’agira donc, dans les deux premiers chapitres, d’étudier les références intertextuelles appartenant à ces deux « familles » d’écrivains pour ensuite étudier plus particulièrement la construction de la figure de l’écrivain et de son espace littéraire à travers ces deux œuvres. MOT-CLÉS : Dany Laferrière ; intertextualité ; autofiction ; roman contemporain ; littérature québécoise.

Cenografia e autoria em Campo Geral

The analyses of Guimarães Rosa's works often consider relevant facts connected to the author's personal life: his childwood in Sertão of Minas Gerais and his posterior wanderings through this region, his medical and diplomatic career, his deep knowledge of several languages, his misticism. His literary work would be a quite faithful reflection of his life. In this work, an analysis of Campo Geral (1956) [1977], considered by many critics as an autobiographical novel, is proposed, aiming to conciliate the inevitable influence of the author's biographical life without confounding or mixing enunciation scene with historical situation. Therefore, it was taken into account concepts of scenography, paratopia and of person-writer-inscriber, as proposed by Maingueneau (2006).

Analisi e traduzione di "The family law" di Benjamin Law

The aim of this dissertation is to propose a translation from English into Italian of The Family Law, an autobiographical novel written by Benjamin Law, an Australian author of Cantonese origins. The present dissertation is divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents the author of the book, by providing his biography; in addition, the chapter contains an overview of the Australia immigration problem, which is an important issue in the book due to the fact that the author’s parents had moved from Hong Kong to Caloundra, Australia. The second chapter presents the book The Family Law, by focusing on its main themes and by paying special attention to the description of the characters; furthermore, it analyses the plot of the chapters which I decided to translate, and provides a selection of Italian publishers which might be interested in publishing the book. The third chapter consists of my translation of the chapters I selected. The final chapter analyses the strategies I adopted while translating and examines some of the problematic issues that I encountered during the translation process, in particular at the level of morphosyntax, lexicon, cultural references, and style.

Aguas abajo : la "enajenación" de Eduardo Wilde

Frente a una corriente crítica que ha incluido la novela Aguas abajo de Eduardo Wilde en el género autobiográfico, el presente trabajo ilumina esta obra a partir de los aportes críticos realizados por Lejeune acerca de dicho género. De esta forma, se propone demostrar que Aguas abajo no debe ser considerada como la autobiografía de su autor a pesar de las relaciones que pueden establecerse entre la biografía del escritor y los avatares del protagonista. Se demuestra, además, que las características del texto corresponden con mayor acierto a lo que el crítico francés denomina novela autobiográfica. Esto se debe a la ruptura por parte de Wilde del "pacto autobiográfico", que Lejeune propone como requisito indispensable para considerar una obra como la autobiografía de su creador. Así, la imposibilidad de identificar plenamente la figura del autor en la imagen de Boris, el protagonista, produce en el lector una vacilación y establece lo que el mismo crítico denomina como pacto ambiguo. Otro factor que intensifica este desconcierto es el uso de un narrador en tercera persona más cercano a la biografía. En este trabajo se propone también la idea de Boris como un alter ego de Wilde, que el autor configura intencionalmente para expresar con toda libertad sus reflexiones y sentimientos críticos hacia la sociedad que lo rodea y hacia su propia persona.

Using auditory hallucinations as a therapeutic tool.

This paper integrates psychodynamic and cognitive theories understanding of schizophrenia and the function of auditory hallucinations to propose five principles for the successful treatment of auditory hallucinations within schizophrenia; connection, education, collaboration, empowerment, and independence. Pharmacological and biological research is acknowledged and integrated into psychological treatment using case information based on an autobiographical novel by a person diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Présence nécessaire de l’art dans L’écriture ou la vie de Jorge Semprun

En esta novela autobiográfica sobre su internamiento en Buchenwald, Semprún hace numerosas alusiones al arte. En primer lugar, obras de artistas ajenos al campo de concentración sirven de referente para explicar tan dura vivencia, siendo el arte el nexo con una existencia libre que, entre otras cosas, permite soportar el internamiento. En segundo lugar, veremos que el arte resulta ser también una puerta de acceso a la memoria. En tercer lugar, cabe mencionar la particular relación que se establece entre totalitarismo y arte. Por último, observaremos como, ya sea en su faceta gratuita, ya sea de un modo más utilitario, la creación artística se alía con la vida contra la muerte y la deshumanización.

Moltke: his life and character, sketched in journals, letters, memoirs, a novel, and autobiographical notes.

Mode of access: Internet.

Autobiographical memory distributions for negative self-images: memories are organised around negative as well as positive aspects of identity

The relationship between developmental experiences, and an individual’s emerging beliefs about themselves and the world, is central to many forms of psychotherapy. People suffering from a variety of mental health problems have been shown to use negative memories when defining the self, however little is known about how these negative memories might be organised and relate to negative self-images. In two online studies with middle-aged (N = 18; Study 1) and young (N = 56; Study 2) adults, we found that participants’ negative self-images (e.g., I am a failure) were associated with sets of autobiographical memories that formed clustered distributions around times of self-formation, in much the same pattern as for positive self-images (e.g., I am talented). This novel result shows that highly organised sets of salient memories may be responsible for perpetuating negative beliefs about the self. Implications for therapy are discussed.

Desquamation Is A Novel Phenomenon For Collective Prostate Epithelial Cell Deletion After Castration.

The mechanism underlying castration-induced prostate regression, which is a classical physiological concept translated into the therapeutic treatment of advanced prostate cancer, involves epithelial cell apoptosis. In searching for events and mechanisms contributing to prostate regression in response to androgen modulation, we have frequently observed the collective deletion of epithelial cells. This work was undertaken to characterize this phenomenon hereafter named desquamation and to verify its presence after 17β-estradiol (E2) administration. Electron microscopy revealed that the desquamating cells had preserved cell-cell junctions and collapsed nuclear contents. The TUNEL reaction was negative for these cells, which were also negative for cleaved caspases-8, -9, -3 and nuclear apoptosis-inducing factor. Detailed analyses revealed that the condensed chromatin was first affected detaching from the nuclear lamina, which was observable after lamin A immunohistochemistry, suggesting the lack of lamin A degradation. A search in animals treated with supraphysiological E2 employed as an alternative anti-androgen treatment revealed no desquamation. The combined treatment (Cas + E2 group) caused changes particular to each treatment, including desquamation. In conclusion, desquamation appeared as a novel phenomenon contributing to collective prostate epithelial cell deletion, distinct from the classical castration-induced apoptosis and particular to the androgen deprivation resulting from surgical castration, and should be considered as part of the mechanisms promoting organ regression.

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type Ii: Identification Of 30 Novel Mutations Among Latin American Patients.

In this study, 103 unrelated South-American patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) were investigated aiming at the identification of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) disease causing mutations and the possibility of some insights on the genotype-phenotype correlation The strategy used for genotyping involved the identification of the previously reported inversion/disruption of the IDS gene by PCR and screening for other mutations by PCR/SSCP. The exons with altered mobility on SSCP were sequenced, as well as all the exons of patients with no SSCP alteration. By using this strategy, we were able to find the pathogenic mutation in all patients. Alterations such as inversion/disruption and partial/total deletions of the IDS gene were found in 20/103 (19%) patients. Small insertions/deletions/indels (<22 bp) and point mutations were identified in 83/103 (88%) patients, including 30 novel mutations; except for a higher frequency of small duplications in relation to small deletions, the frequencies of major and minor alterations found in our sample are in accordance with those described in the literature.

Adipokines: Novel Players In Resistant Hypertension.

Resistant hypertension (RH) is a multifactorial disease, frequently associated with obesity and characterized by blood pressure above goal (140/90 mm Hg) despite the concurrent use of ≥3 antihypertensive drugs of different classes. The mechanisms of obesity-related hypertension include, among others, aldosterone excess and inflammatory adipokines, which have demonstrated a significant role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and RH. This review aims to summarize recent studies on the role of the adipokines leptin, resistin, and adiponectin in the pathophysiology of RH and target-organ damage associated with this condition. The deregulation of adipokine levels has been associated with clinical characteristics frequently recognized in RH such as diabetes, hyperactivity of sympathetic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems, and vascular and renal damage. Strategies to regulate adipokines may be promising for the management of RH and some clinical implications must be considered when managing controlled and uncontrolled patients with RH.

Draft Genome Sequence Of Ft9, A Novel Bacillus Cereus Strain Isolated From A Brazilian Thermal Spring.

A Bacillus cereus strain, FT9, isolated from a hot spring in the midwest region of Brazil, had its entire genome sequenced.