Promoting the health of marginalized populations in Ecuador through international collaboration and educational innovations

This paper examines two innovative educational initiatives for the Ecuadorian public health workforce: a Canadian-funded Masters programme in ecosystem approaches to health that focuses on building capacity to manage environmental health risks sustainably; and the training of Ecuadorians at the Latin American School of Medicine in Cuba (known as Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina in Spanish). We apply a typology for analysing how training programmes address the needs of marginalized populations and build capacity for addressing health determinants. We highlight some ways we can learn from such training programmes with particular regard to lessons, barriers and opportunities for their sustainability at the local, national and international levels and for pursuing similar initiatives in other countries and contexts. We conclude that educational efforts focused on the challenges of marginalization and the determinants of health require explicit attention not only to the knowledge, attitudes and skills of graduates but also on effectively engaging the health settings and systems that will reinforce the establishment and retention of capacity in low- and middle-income settings where this is most needed.

Connections 1999 : Education to Careers Illinois : a compendium of award winning educational innovations.

"Connections 2000 is a program devoted to developing and disseminating activities which further Education-to-Careers innovations throughout the State of Illinois. In 1999, Connections 2000 awards were presented to instructors and/or administrators who successfully developed activities or programs which enhanced Education-to-Careers programs"--P [i].

Innovación docente interdisciplinar. El uso de la expresión gráfica computacional en la transdisciplinaridad de la arquitectura, la ingeniería y el arte en el E.E.E.S.

En el proyecto de innovación docente cada uno de los participantes aportó su visión conceptual de los problemas y sus resoluciones en equipos formados por estudiantes de disciplinas humanísticas y técnicas, con perspectivas diferentes de la realidad, y por lo tanto, también del planteamiento de la estrategia para la resolución y del desarrollo y la eficacia de la solución. En definitiva, se les ha preparado para la adquisición de los conocimientos, habilidades, destrezas y actitudes básicas necesarias para desenvolverse sin problemas en el actual modelo laboral europeo, siendo el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior el escenario en el cual se ha desarrollado el proyecto de innovación

Educational change and youth voice: Informing school action on cyberbullying

Change is a regular part of school life. Educational innovations are constantly being implements in order to benefit students, improve outcomes and meet the obligations and accountability demands of governments. Rapid social and technological change has occurred within and around schools during the past 15 or more years, impacting upon curricula and pedagogies. Simultaneously, there has been a trend towards incorporating youth voice, where young people share in the decisions that will impact on their school experiences (Mitra, 2008a, 2004). Most recently, with the advent of the first National Australian Curriculum (McGaw, 2010), there is an imposed curriculum change, which reflects the growing global trend towards centralised control over what students learn in school (Zhao, 2011) and highlights that schools have to respond to change from all levels. Spears (in press) also notes that parents are raising children in an increasingly wireless world which is far removed from the one in which they were raised. Educators are teaching in schools that are vastly different technologically from those they knew as children and adolescents, or even those in which they were teaching a decade ago. Children born in 1995, the year when the Internet was first commercialised, are 16 years old in 2011 and, whilst parents may have embraced technological advances in their own adult working or social lives, they are yet to fathom fully what it means for their children and their relationships: to be educated and to socialise in the midst of mobile social media. Young people have greater access to more information than at any time past and move seamlessly between online and offline environments, often referring to them as ‘the same life’ (Spears, Kofoed, Bartolo, Palermiti and Castabile, in press). Along with these changes has come the transformation of traditional forms of bullying to cyberbullying, amid the public perception that bullying generally is becoming worse in schools.

Towards connoisseurship in educational leadership : following the data in a three stage line of inquiry

Following an epistemic frame advanced by Elliott Eisner (2002), it is argued that the tradition of the arts and perspectives from artists have the potential to yield refreshing and interesting insights for the field of educational leadership. Moreover, it is argued that Eisner’s work on tacit knowledge which he advanced as an example of connoisseurship has important implications and posits the possibility of developing a more discerning “eye” in describing the work of educational leaders. To assess these assertions, the paper reports on two stages of interviews with nine former and current artists from Australia in order to understand the processes in which they engaged when they create art and how they encountered and managed barriers. The implications of this preliminary investigation are explored in this paper as they related to how leadership is defined and the issues pertaining to claims that leadership studies must be “scientific” to have currency and credibility. The article begins by making an argument for the value of the arts to advanced a more nuanced view of leadership, considers the importance of connoisseurship as a frame for understanding it, and then explores the cognitive functions performed by the arts before turning to the study at hand.

Teachers' likes and dislikes as factors in educational change

Teachers at local elementary and secondary schools were invited to participate in a survey research study by completing a questionnaire containing 26 statements regarding educational issues (e.g., "I am satisfied with the quality of my interactions with students."). Teachers were asked to indicate whether they agreed, were neutral, or disagreed with each statement; and further, to make a suggestions for appropriate change; to indicate a level at which the change could be implemented (classroom, school, board, ministry, society); and to indicate to what extent they perceive they have influence on change in the area represented in the statement. The responses of 50 elementary and 50 secondary teachers were randomly chosen from among the completed questionnaires and the information was recorded for analysis. Results of frequency counts of responses showed teachers were generally satisfied with their experiences of the areas referred to in the statements. Seventy-two percent of the responses agreed with the statements; 15% of the responses indicated disagreement, and 13% of the responses were neutral. Cross-tabulations of the survey data with demographic information showed differences among the responses of female and male teachers; elementary and secondary teachers; and teachers grouped according to their total years of teaching experience.

Innovations pédagogiques et culture disciplinaire en enseignement supérieur

Cette recherche qualitative porte sur les innovations pédagogiques utilisées à l’Université de Montréal en contexte de cultures disciplinaires. La recherche visait à étudier les innovations pédagogiques, entendues comme tout enseignement dispensé de manières différentes de la pratique traditionnelle du cours magistral, proposées par les professeurs dans une université fortement engagée en recherche. ll nous a paru utile de contribuer à compléter les savoirs existants dans ce domaine peu exploré, particulièrement lorsque nous savons que les innovations pédagogiques en contexte de cultures disciplinaires n’ont encore pas été étudiées à l’Université de Montréal. D’un point de vue social, la pertinence de cette recherche réside dans le cadre de la valorisation de l’enseignement universitaire souhaitée tant par les politiques, les institutions et la société que les professeurs et, au-delà, elle invite au rééquilibrage des deux piliers indispensables à l’université centrée sur la recherche qui laisse paraître une relation dichotomique marquée entre enseignement et recherche. Deux modes de cueillettes de données ont été privilégiés : les entrevues individuelles semi-structurées et un entretien de groupe auprès de trente-deux professeurs lauréats du Prix d’excellence en enseignement de l’Université de Montréal. Pour cette recherche, nous avons employé la théorisation ancrée comme méthode d’analyse de données recueillies selon d’autres approches. En d’autres mots, nous avons souhaité utiliser la théorisation ancrée comme un « processus » (Paillé, 1994, p. 149) d’analyse des données avec pour objectif d’approfondir l’objet de notre recherche par-delà la simple analyse descriptive sans pour autant prétendre à une théorisation avancée. En premier lieu, nos résultats nous ont permis de connaître les innovations pédagogiques utilisées dans l’enceinte de notre terrain de recherche, l’Université de Montréal et de dresser un portrait actualisé de leurs innovateurs. Nous avons aussi exploré les raisons qui amènent les professeurs à innover, décrit le processus nécessaire à l’innovation pédagogique et expliqué les freins s’opposant à cette dernière. En second lieu, nos résultats énumèrent les différences liées à la matière d’enseignement, au champ de recherche et soulignent le rapport de la discipline à l’innovation comme critère déterminant à son implication. En dernier lieu, nos résultats révèlent l’existence d’une expertise pédagogique partagée au sein de l’Université de Montréal qui permet de rompre la solitude des professeurs par un soutien entre pairs et favorise la transférabilité des innovations pédagogiques d’une culture disciplinaire à une autre. Finalement, nous présentons une théorisation actualisée des paramètres constituant une innovation pédagogique et détaillons les nouveaux paramètres qui influent sur la construction d’une innovation pédagogique. Nous concluons cette thèse par des recommandations et des pistes de recherches.

Biotecnologia: concepção e validação de trabalhos práticos

É hoje geralmente aceite que a educação em ciências, além da aprendizagem de conhecimento conceptual e procedimental, deve promover nos alunos o desenvolvimento de competências investigativas, ou seja, competências para identificar, formular e resolver problemas. Porém, o desenvolvimento de actividades práticas de natureza investigativa é difícil, pela carência, ou mesmo ausência, de vivências dos professores em investigações, sobretudo em projectos aplicáveis nas práticas lectivas. A frequente falta de formação inicial e contínua dos professores de ciências, relativamente ao desenvolvimento de competências indispensáveis à implementação desta perspectiva de trabalho prático, constitui um obstáculo à concretização de inovações educativas preconizadas para a educação em ciências, referidas em documentos aprovados e publicados pelo Ministério da Educação, em particular, orientações curriculares e programas disciplinares. A abordagem de temáticas em biotecnologia configura-se como uma necessidade das sociedades actuais, de modo que, atendendo aos avanços que se têm vindo a verificar nesta área, deverá integrar-se em educação científica formal, relacionando-a com a vida quotidiana dos cidadãos. Além de componentes científicas inovadoras, os seus desenvolvimentos têm diversas implicações, designadamente éticas, políticas, económicas e sociais. A investigação apresentada nesta dissertação insere-se neste quadro, a qual se baseou no seguinte problema: “Partindo de temáticas em biotecnologia, como estimular o desenvolvimento de trabalho prático numa perspectiva investigativa por professores de Biologia e/ou Geologia?”. Definiram-se dois objectivos gerais: 1) testar, conceber e optimizar actividades laboratoriais e experimentais em biotecnologia, transponíveis para contextos educativos dos ensinos básico e secundário, desmistificando a complexidade associada ao trabalho prático nesta área; 2) conceber, implementar e avaliar uma acção de formação para professores de Biologia e/ou Geologia, na modalidade de Oficina de Formação, visando em contextos escolares e em temáticas de biotecnologia, desenvolver percursos investigativos. A acção de formação “Desenvolvimento de actividades práticas em biotecnologia numa perspectiva investigativa: um contributo na (re)orientação de ensino e aprendizagem de ciências” estimulou os professores-formandos a participarem activamente num programa que integrava abordagens inovadoras de trabalho prático, e criou condições para, com orientação e apoio, desenvolverem percursos investigativos a partir de situações-problema em temáticas de biotecnologia. Na generalidade, as reflexões dos professores-formandos sobre os percursos investigativos planeados e implementados, e os ganhos a nível profissional e/ou pessoal, além de referências elogiosas à estrutura e sequência das actividades propostas na formação, realçaram os seguintes aspectos positivos: a) o enriquecimento de conhecimentos científico-tecnológicos em biotecnologia; b) a oportunidade de reflexão sobre as suas práticas e a necessidade de uma nova forma de olhar para o trabalho laboratorial e experimental e para o seu papel nas aulas de ciências; c) as potencialidades de trabalho prático numa perspectiva investigativa em termos de mobilização de competências de natureza conceptual e processual; d) o desenvolvimento de competências técnicas e processuais necessárias à implementação de percursos investigativos com recurso a procedimentos em biotecnologia. Do presente estudo decorrem implicações educacionais que se esperam pertinentes para a formação de professores de ciências e elaboração de recursos didácticos, designadamente manuais escolares, assim como, para a gestão dos programas disciplinares. Este estudo permitiu, ainda, apresentar propostas para futuras investigações.

Changes in education and student-centred learning as related to senior secondary school English

The main purpose of this thesis is to t r ace broadly the educational changes in the past two decades showing a shift of emphasis from a teacher-directed, content-centred philosophy of teaching to a self-directed, student-centred mode of learning. The major justification for an Independent or an Individualized Learning programme with emphasis on "the response to literature approach" is 2 to produce the independent learner. Comprehensive r eading and t he use of t he ERIC system reveal widespread educational thought and practice related t o Individualization and Independent Study as a really democratic way of learning with freedom, independence and responsibility.

L'estat de la renovació pedagògica a les comarques gironines

Síntesi de les 3 ponències de la taula rodona "L'estat de la renovació pedagògica a les comarques gironines" sobre el perquè del naixement i la desaparició dels Moviments de Renovació Pedagògica a Girona

Molts tresors amagats

La realitat en l'educació és que gairebé tots estem immersos en processos educatius, gairebé tots aprenem, amb ajut o sense de manera intencionada, coneixements i maneres de fer

El primer congrés de la renovació pedagògica a Catalunya

Resum i conclusions del Primer Congrés de la Renovació Pedagògica de l’any 1996, fent especial atenció en la participació de persones i entitats de les comarques de Girona

Aproximación al EEES en los estudios de tercer ciclo

En las últimas décadas, los cambios tanto sociales como económicos, educativos y políticos han inducido una transformación en la enseñanza universitaria y en la actuación de sus principales protagonistas: profesorado y estudiantes. Por otro lado, el proceso de creación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (Praga 1998, Bolonia 1999) obliga a las instituciones universitarias y su profesorado a asumir un modelo educativo que centra su atención en el aprendizaje del alumnado, en la consecución de competencias y capacidades, lo que exige al profesorado universitario de nuestro país modificar de manera sustancial su manera de entender la función docente. Basándonos en estas directrices, los profesores de uno de los cursos de doctorado del programa de ‘Ciencia de Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica’ en la Universidad de Oviedo (Asturias, España), presentamos una innovadora metodología docente llevada a cabo en este curso adaptada a las exigencias del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Teniendo en cuenta que un objetivo principal del tercer ciclo es la introducción del estudiante en el campo de la investigación, los profesores de esta asignatura hemos incluido entre los objetivos del curso la forma de plasmar, exponer y divulgar los resultados obtenidos en una investigación, realizando entre las sesiones del curso la celebración de un ‘congreso científico’