Avaliação da vulnerabilidade socioecológica ao risco sísmico no concelho de Vila Franca do Campo (Açores): contributo para a construção de uma comunidade resiliente

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica

Vigor neurológico de recém-nascidos a termo segundo tipo de parto e realização de manobras obstétricas

OBJETIVO: avaliar o efeito do tipo de parto e dos procedimentos obstétricos usuais sobre o estado neurológico das primeiras 48 horas de vida, em uma amostra de recém-nascidos consecutivos a termo e saudáveis, usando um sistema de escores (NACS - Neurologic Adaptative Capacity Score). MÉTODOS: coorte prospectiva com 313 recém-nascidos de uma Unidade de Neonatologia e Alojamento Conjunto. As variáveis analisadas foram as obstétricas; o desfecho clínico - fase de baixo vigor neurológico, avaliada pelo NACS com 4, 24 e 48 horas de vida. Foram realizadas duas avaliações dos dados: uma com toda a amostra e outra comparando o Grupo Vigoroso, cujos recém-nascidos mantiveram-se com 35 ou mais pontos no NACS, versus Grupo de Baixo Vigor com menos de 35 pontos durante as três avaliações consecutivas. Foram realizadas análises bivariadas e multivariadas. Foram buscadas possíveis associações entre a fase de baixo vigor neurológico e o tipo de parto, bem como entre a fase de baixo vigor neurológico e as variáveis obstétricas. RESULTADOS: na análise bivariada, o tipo de parto e as variáveis obstétricas não estiveram associados com a fase de baixo vigor neurológico. Entretanto, a associação entre o aspecto do líquido amniótico e a fase de baixo vigor neurológico atingiu valores bem próximos da significância e, então, foi incluído na análise multivariada. Na análise multivariada, a única variável associada com baixo vigor neurológico foi a presença de líquido amniótico tinto de mecônio, que mostrou 8,1 vezes maior risco de baixa pontuação neurológica quando comparados o Grupo Vigoroso e o Grupo de Baixo Vigor. Na análise da amostra global, o mesmo risco foi de 1,7. CONCLUSÕES: nem o tipo de parto nem as manobras obstétricas usuais estiveram associados com fase de baixo vigor neurológico. Esta é uma informação útil, tanto do ponto de vista clínico quanto do médico-legal, especialmente para os obstetras. Pelos dados desta amostra, se o recém-nascido a termo é saudável, a via do nascimento e os procedimentos obstétricos usuais não têm impacto no estado neurológico.

Bupivacaína, Ropivacaína e Levobupivacaína em Analgesia e Anestesia de Parto. Repercussões Materno-Fetais

Background and Objectives - Bupivacaine has been a very useful local anesthetic in Obstetrics in spite of its potential cardiotoxicity. In obstetric analgesia, ropivacaine is preferred to bupivacaine, and levobupivacaine is less cardiotoxic than the racemic mixture. The aim of this study was to compare the maternal-fetal effects of bupivacaine, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine in obstetric analgesia and anesthesia. Methods - Participated in this study 33 term pregnant women, physical status ASA I and II submitted to epidural anesthesia who received 18.75 mg (in 15 ml completed with 9% saline) of: GI - bupivacaine, GII - ropivacaine, and GIII - levobupivacaine. Pain intensity, sensory block level, onset time, quality of analgesia, motor block intensity, analgesia duration and time for labor resolution were evaluated. For vaginal delivery, 40 mg (in 8 ml of saline) of the same local anesthetic were used; for cesarean delivery, the dose has been mg in 20 ml solution. Newborns of these mothers were evaluated through the Apgar score in minutes 1, 5 and 10, and through the Amiel-Tison method (neurologic and adaptative capacity score - NACS) at 30 min, 2 h, and 24 h. Results - There were no significant statistical differences among groups as to sensory block level, onset time, quality of analgesia, labor analgesia duration, time for labor resolution, and Apgar scores at minute 1. Ast to motor block, GIII > GII and GI was intermediary. In relation to pain intensity, there was a trend for GI > GIII. For Apgar scores in minute 5, GII > (GI = GIII), and in minute 10 (GI = GII) < GIII. NACS at 2 h showed, GII > GI > GIII, and at 24 h, GII > GIII > GI. Conclusions - Ropivacaine has relieved maternal pain with less motor block. Newborns of GII mothers (ropivacaine) showed the best Apgar and NACS scores.

Práxis e a noção de prática nos documentos oficiais sobre a formação de professores

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Adolescentes do sexo feminino com transtornos mentais: fatores de risco, mecanismos de proteção e eficácia adaptativa

Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

Définition des interactions entre l’immunité innée et adaptative pendant l’infection aiguë par le virus de l’hépatite C (VHC)

La majorité des individus exposés au virus de l’hépatite C (VHC) développent une infection chronique. Une réponse immunitaire adaptative forte et soutenue est associée avec la guérison spontanée du VHC, mais les mécanismes sous-jacents demeurent mal définis. Le rôle des cellules NK et des cellules dendritiques (DC) dans la guérison spontanée du VHC est encore méconnu. Les cellules NK sont la population effectrice la plus importante de l’immunité innée car elles tuent les cellules infectées et sécrètent diverses cytokines. Les DC reconnaissent des agents infectieux et elles sont les premières à initier et réguler l’immunité adaptative. Les cellules NK et les DC interagissent également entre elles afin de réguler l’immunité innée et adaptative. L’hypothèse du projet de doctorat est que l'activité des cellules NK pendant la phase aiguë de l'infection par le VHC module la fonction des DC afin que ces dernières puissent générer une réponse immunitaire adaptative capable d'éliminer le VHC. Le premier objectif était d’établir une corrélation entre l'activité des cellules NK et l'évolution de l'infection au VHC. Nous avons observé une augmentation de la cytotoxicité, mais une diminution de la sécrétion de cytokines par les cellules NK chez les patients chroniques et qui ont résolu spontanément pendant la phase aiguë en comparaison aux contrôles non infectés, démontrant alors une dissociation entre ces deux fonctions. Nos résultats suggèrent que les cellules NK sont activées pendant la phase aiguë indépendamment de l’évolution de l’infection. Le deuxième objectif était d’établir une corrélation entre le phénotype et la fonction des DC, et l'évolution de l'infection. Nous avons d’abord observé que les DC plasmacytoïdes de tous les patients infectés ont un phénotype plus immature que les contrôles, et que ce phénotype est plus prononcé chez les patients ayant résolu spontanément. De plus, en réponse à des stimulations, nous avons observé que pendant la phase aiguë précoce, les DC myéloïdes (mDC) de tous les patients infectés indépendamment de l’évolution de l’infection produisent davantage de cytokines en comparaison aux contrôles. Cependant, cette hyperréactivité n’est pas soutenue au cours de l’évolution chronique. Le troisième objectif était d’établir une corrélation entre les interactions NK/DC et l’évolution de l’infection. Nous avons étudié la capacité des cellules NK à lyser les DC potentiellement tolérogéniques, ainsi que la capacité des DC matures à activer les cellules NK, et nous avons observé aucune différence entre les patients infectés et les contrôles. Finalement, nous avons démontré pour la première fois la capacité des DC immatures à inhiber la fonction des cellules NK. En conclusion, nous avons démontré que les cellules NK sont activées pendant la phase aiguë de l’infection par le VHC indépendamment de l’évolution de l’infection. De plus, la capacité des cellules NK à éliminer les DC potentiellement tolérogéniques est intacte. Finalement, les mDC sont hyperréactives pendant la phase aiguë de l’infection, mais cette hyperréactivité n’est pas soutenue avec la persistance de l’infection. Cette perte d’hyperréactivité des mDC ne semble pas affecter la capacité des DC à activer les cellules NK, mais elle pourrait jouer un rôle dans l’inefficacité de l’immunité adaptative à éliminer le VHC.

The Influence Of The Buffering Capacity On The Production Of Organic Acids And Alcohols From Wastewater In Anaerobic Reactor.

Some bacteria common in anaerobic digestion process can ferment a broad variety of organic compounds to organic acids, alcohols, and hydrogen, which can be used as biofuels. Researches are necessary to control the microbial interactions in favor of the alcohol production, as intermediary products of the anaerobic digestion of organic compounds. This paper reports on the effect of buffering capacity on the production of organic acids and alcohols from wastewater by a natural mixed bacterial culture. The hypothesis tested was that the increase of the buffering capacity by supplementation of sodium bicarbonate in the influent results in benefits for alcohol production by anaerobic fermentation of wastewater. When the influent was not supplemented with sodium bicarbonate, the chemical oxygen demand (COD)-ethanol and COD-methanol detected in the effluent corresponded to 22.5 and 12.7 % of the COD-sucrose consumed. Otherwise, when the reactor was fed with influent containing 0.5 g/L of sodium bicarbonate, the COD-ethanol and COD-methanol were effluents that corresponded to 39.2 and 29.6 % of the COD-sucrose consumed. Therefore, the alcohol production by supplementation of the influent with sodium bicarbonate was 33.6 % higher than the fermentation of the influent without sodium bicarbonate.

Adaptações cardio-respiratorias induzidas pelo treinamento fisico aerobio em homens na faixa etaria de 46 a 60 anos : Estudo longitudinal e transversal

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Evaluation of the diffusion capacity of calcium hydroxide pastes through the dentinal tubules

This study aimed to evaluate the diffusion capacity of calcium hydroxide pastes with different vehicles through dentinal tubules. The study was conducted on 60 extracted single-rooted human teeth whose crowns had been removed. The root canals were instrumented and divided into 4 groups according to the vehicle of the calcium hydroxide paste: Group I - distilled water; Group II - propylene glycol; Group III - 0.2% chlorhexidine; Group IV - 2% chlorhexidine. After placement of the root canal dressings, the teeth were sealed and placed in flasks containing deionized water. After 1, 2, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, the pH of the water was measured to determine the diffusion of calcium hydroxide through the dentinal tubules. The data were recorded and statistically compared by the Tukey test. The results showed that all pastes presented a similar diffusion capacity through dentin. Group IV did not present difference compared to group I. Group II presented difference compared to the other groups, as did Group III. In conclusion, groups I and IV presented a better diffusion capacity through dentin than groups II and III; 2% chlorhexidine can be used as a vehicle in calcium hydroxide pastes.

Aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle function in children with asthma

Background Peripheral muscle strength and endurance are decreased in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases and seem to contribute to patients' exercise intolerance. However, the authors are not aware of any studies evaluating peripheral muscle function in children with asthma. It seems to be implied that children with asthma have lower aerobic fitness, but there are limited studies comparing the aerobic capacity of children with and without asthma. The present study aimed to evaluate muscle strength and endurance in children with persistent asthma and their association with aerobic capacity and inhaled corticosteroid consumption. Methods Forty children with mild persistent asthma (MPA) or severe persistent asthma (SPA) (N=20 each) and 20 children without asthma (control group) were evaluated. Upper (pectoralis and latissimus dorsi) and lower (quadriceps) muscle strength and endurance were assessed, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed. Inhaled corticosteroid consumption during the last 6 and 24 months was also quantified. Results Children with SPA presented a reduction in peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)) (28.2 +/- 8.1 vs 34.7 +/- 6.9 ml/kg/min; p<0.01) and quadriceps endurance (43.1 +/- 6.7 vs 80.9 +/- 11.9 repetitions; p<0.05) compared with the control group, but not the MPA group (31.5 +/- 6.1 ml/kg/min and 56.7 +/- 47.7 repetitions respectively; p>0.05). Maximal upper and lower muscle strength was preserved in children with both mild and severe asthma (p>0.05). Finally, the authors observed that lower muscle endurance weakness was not associated with reductions in either peak VO(2) (r=0.22, p>0.05) or corticosteroid consumption (r=-0.31, p>0.05) in children with asthma. Conclusion The findings suggest that cardiopulmonary exercise and lower limb muscle endurance should be a priority during physical training programs for children with severe asthma.

Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells from Humans and Mice Differ in Proliferative Capacity and Genome Stability in Long-Term Cultures

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are among the more attractive adult stem cell options for potential therapeutic applications. Here, we studied and compared the basic biological characteristics of ASCs isolated from humans (hASCs) and mice (mASCs) and maintained in identical culture conditions, which must be examined prior to considering further potential clinical applications. hASCs and mASCs were compared for immunophenotype, differentiation potential, cell growth characteristics, senescence, nuclear morphology, and DNA content. Although both strains of ASCs displayed a similar immunophenotype, the percentage of CD73(+) cells was markedly lower and CD31(+) was higher in mASC than in hASC cultures. The mean population doubling time was 98.08 +/- 6.15 h for hASCs and 52.58 +/- 3.74 h for mASCs. The frequency of nuclear aberrations was noticeably lower in hASCs than in mASCs regardless of the passage number. Moreover, as the cells went through several in vitro passages, mASCs showed changes in DNA content and cell cycle kinetics (frequency of hypodiploid, G0/G1, G2/M, and hyperdiploid cells), whereas all of these parameters remained constant in hASCs. Collectively, these results suggest that mASCs display higher proliferative capacity and are more unstable than hASCs in long-term cultures. These results underscore the need to consider specificities among model systems that may influence outcomes when designing potential human applications.

Effect of Er:YAG Laser Parameters on Ablation Capacity and Morphology of Primary Enamel

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ablation capacity of different energies and pulse repetition rates of Er:YAG laser energy on primary molar enamel, by assessing mass loss and by analyzing the surface morphology with scanning electron microscopy. Background Data: Previous studies have demonstrated the capacity of the Er:YAG laser to ablate enamel substrate. Methods: Forty-two sound primary molars were bisected in a mesiodistal direction. The enamel surfaces were flattened and their initial mass (in milligrams) was obtained. An area of 4 mm(2) was delimited. The specimens were randomly assigned to 12 groups according to the combination of energy (160, 200, 250, and 300 mJ) and pulse repetition rate (2, 3, and 4 Hz). Er: YAG laser irradiation was performed on each specimen for 20 sec. After irradiation, the final mass was obtained and specimens were prepared for examination with scanning electron microscopy. The data obtained by subtracting the final mass from the initial mass were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: The pulse repetition rate of 4 Hz provided greater mass loss, different from that seen with 2 Hz, and similar to that seen with 3 Hz. The energy level of 300 mJ resulted in greater mass loss, similar to that seen with 200 and 250 mJ. Scanning electron photomicrographs showed that there was non-selective enamel removal, with fused and cracked areas in all specimens. Conclusion: The parameters of 200 mJ and 2 Hz produced a good ablation rate with fewer surface alterations in primary molar enamel.

Nickel sorption capacity of ground xylem of Quercus ilex trees and effects of selected ligands present in the xylem sap

In this work the influence of four different ligands present in the xylem sap of Quercus ilex (histidine, citric, oxalic and aspartic acids) on Ni(II) adsorption by xylem was investigated. Grinded xylem was trapped in acrylic columns and solutions of Ni(II), in the absence and presence of the four ligands prepared in KNO(3) 0-1 mol L(-1) at pH 5.5, were percolated through the column. Aliquots of solutions were recovered in the column end for Ni determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The experimental. data to describe Ni sorption by xylem in both the presence and absence of ligands was better explained by the Freundlich isotherm model. The decreasing affinity order of ligands for Ni was: oxalic acid > citric acid > histidine > aspartic acid. On the other hand, the Ni(II) adsorption by xylem increased following the inverse sequence of ligands. Potentiometric titrations of acidic groups were carried out to elucidate the sorption site groups available in Q. ilex xylem. The potentiometric titration has shown three sorption sites: pK(a) 2.6 (57.7% of the sorption sites), related to monobasic aliphatic carboxylic acids or nitrogen aromatic bases, pK(a) 8.1 (9.6%) and pK(a) 9.9 (32.7%), related to phenolic groups. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Cardiac and peripheral adjustments induced by early exercise training intervention were associated with autonomic improvement in infarcted rats: role in functional capacity and mortality

Aims To test the effects of early exercise training (ET) on left ventricular (LV) and autonomic functions, haemodynamics, tissues blood flows (BFs), maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2) max), and mortality after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Methods and results Male Wistar rats were divided into: control (C), sedentary-infarcted (SI), and trained-infarcted (TI). One week after MI, TI group underwent an ET protocol (90 days, 50-70% VO2 max). Left ventricular function was evaluated noninvasively and invasively. Baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate variability, and pulse interval were measured. Cardiac output (CO) and regional BFs were determined using coloured microspheres. Infarcted area was reduced in TI (19 +/- 6%) compared with SI (34 +/- 5%) after ET. Exercise training improved the LV and autonomic functions, the CO and regional BF changes induced by MI, as well as increased SERCA2 expression and mRNA vascular endothelial growth factor levels. These changes brought about by ET resulted in mortality rate reduction in the TI (13%) group compared with the SI (54%) group. Conclusion Early aerobic ET reduced cardiac and peripheral dysfunctions and preserved cardiovascular autonomic control after MI in trained rats. Consequently, these ET-induced changes resulted in improved functional capacity and survival after MI.

Influence of angiotensinogen and angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphisms on cardiac hypertrophy and improvement on maximal aerobic capacity caused by exercise training

Background The allele threonine (T) of the angiotensinogen has been associated with ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients and soccer players. However, the long-term effect of physical exercise in healthy athletes carrying the T allele remains unknown. We investigated the influence of methionine M or T allele of the angiotensinogen and D or I allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme on left-ventricular mass index (LVMI) and maximal aerobic capacity in young healthy individuals after long-term physical exercise training. Design Prospective clinical trial. Methods Eighty-three policemen aged between 20 and 35 years (mean +/- SD 26 +/- 4.5 years) were genotyped for the M235T gene angiotensinogen polymorphism (TT, n=25; MM/MT, n=58) and angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (11, n=18; DD/DI, n=65). Left-ventricular morphology was evaluated by echocardiography and maximal aerobic capacity (VO(2peak)) by cardiopulmonary exercise test before and after 17 weeks of exercise training (50-80% VO(2peak)). Results Baseline VO(2peak) and LVMI were similar between TT and MM/MT groups, and II and DD/DI groups. Exercise training increased significantly and similarly VO(2peak) in homozygous TT and MM/MT individuals, and homozygous II and DD/DI individuals. In addition, exercise training increased significantly LVMI in TT and MM/MT individuals (76.5 +/- 3 vs. 86.7 +/- 4, P=0.00001 and 76.2 +/- 2 vs. 81.4 +/- 2, P=0.00001, respectively), and II and DD/DI individuals (777 +/- 4 vs. 81.5 +/- 4, P=0.0001 and 76 +/- 2 vs. 83.5 +/- 2, P=0.0001, respectively). However, LVMI I in TT individuals was significantly greater than in MM/MT individuals (P=0.04). LVMI was not different between 11 and DD/DI individuals. Conclusion Left-ventricular hypertrophy caused by exercise training is exacerbated in homozygous TT individuals with angiotensinogen polymorphism. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 16:487-492 (C) 2009 The European Society of Cardiology