124 resultados para 4901


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This dissertation deals with the terminology of the Euro currency. Its aims are to determine the characteristics of the designations in a certain LSP and to discover whether the recommendations and rules that have been given to the formation of designations and 'ideal' designations have any influence on the usage of the designations. The characteristics analysed include length of the designation, part of speech, form, formation method, constancy, monosemy, suitability to a concept system and degree of specialty. The study analyses the actual usage of the designations in texts and the implementation of the designations. The study is an adaptation of a terminometric survey and uses concept analysis and quantitative analysis as its basic methods. The frequency of each characteristic is measured in terms of statistics. It is assumed that the 'ideality' of a designation influences its usage, for example that if a designation is short, it is used more than its longer rivals (synonyms). The results are analysed in a corpus consisting of a compilation of different texts concerning the Euro. The corpus is divided according to three features: year (1998-2003), genre (judicial texts, annual reports and brochures) and language (Finnish and German). Each analysis is performed according to each of these features and compared with the others. The results indicate that some of the characteristics of the designations indeed seem to have an influence on the usage of the designations. For example, monosemy and suitability to the concept system often lead to the implementation of the designation having the ideal or certain value in these characteristics in the analysed Finnish material. In German material, an 'ideal' value in the characteristics leads to the implementation of the designations more often than in Finnish. The contrastive study indicates that, for example, suitability to a concept system leads to implementation of a designation in judicial texts more often than in other genres. The recommendations given to an 'ideal' designation are thus often acceptable, but they cannot be generalized for all languages in the same extent.

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Abstract: Although mainly grown for its sweet flavoured fruit, papaya (Carica papaya) has also been used for pharmacological purposes for many years. The reasons for use are varied with one of the best known being its anti-fungal action. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is the constituent most often implicated in this activity. Isothiocyanates are formed when the enzyme myrosinase catalyses the hydrolysis of the non-bioactive glucosinolates. This occurs when cellular contents come into contact through chewing, cutting or during extraction processes in the laboratory. While this is common in Brassica vegetables, the glucosinolate-myrosinase system is rare in fruit, papaya being a notable exception. It contains benzyl glucosinolate (BG), the glucosinolate precursor of BITC, in significant quantities. Parameters that determine the amount of BITC formed are duration of hydrolysis, presence/absence of nitrile-specifier proteins and BG content of different cultivars and tissues. We experimented with differing BITC extraction solvents, with the intention of developing a low cost, natural anti-fungal extract based on under-utilised papaya tissues. The findings suggest that papaya seeds, particularly from quarter-ripe fruit, have the potential to produce the highest levels of BITC necessary. Furthermore, they compare well with the nitrile-specifier protein-containing garden cress seeds (Lepidium sativum). To utilise the papaya seeds as a BITC source, an organic solvent such as ethanol is required to extract the largely water-insoluble BITC from the hydrolysed papaya seed mixture.

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Despite considerable research to develop carbon based materials for biomedical applications, the toxicity of carbon remains a major concern. In order to address this issue as well as to investigate the cell fate processes of neural cells from the perspective of neural tissue engineering applications, the in vitro cytocompatibility of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) derived continuous carbon nanofibers and PAN derived carbon thin films were investigated both quantitatively and qualitatively using in vitro biochemical assays followed by extensive flow cytometry analysis. The experimental results of Schwann cell fate, i.e. cell proliferation, cell metabolic activity and cell apoptosis on amorphous carbon substrates are discussed in reference to the time dependent evolution of intracellular oxidative stress. Apart from providing evidence that an electrospun carbon nanofibrous substrate can physically guide the cultured Schwann cells, this study suggested that continuous carbon nanofibers and amorphous carbon films are not cytotoxic in vitro and do not significantly induce apoptosis of Schwann cells, but in fact even facilitate their proliferation and growth.

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Based on the principle given in nonlinear diffusion-reaction dynamics, a new dynamic model for dislocation patterning is proposed by introducing a relaxation time to the relation between dislocation density and dislocation flux. The so-called chemical potential like quantities, which appear in the model can be derived from variation principle for free energy functional of dislocated media, where the free energy density function is expressed in terms of not only the dislocation density itself but also their spatial gradients. The Linear stability analysis on the governing equations of a simple dislocation density shows that there exists an intrinsic wave number leading to bifurcation of space structure of dislocation density. At the same time, the numerical results also demonstrate the coexistence and transition between different dislocation patterns.

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This document is a partial translation of taxonomic notes on two Diptera species (Acalcarella Shilova, Acalcarrella nucus) which were abundant in a survey of Tendipedid species (Diptera, Tendipedidae) of the Amu Darya drainage basin. These taxonomic notes of the larva, pupa and adults include drawings of the Acalcarella nucus larva.

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Er3+-doped lithium-potassium mixed alkali aluminophosphate glasses belonging to the oxide system xK(2)O-(15x)Li2O-4B(2)O(3)-11Al(2)O(3)-5BaO-65P(2)O(5) are obtained in a semi-continuous melting quenching process. Spectroscopic properties of Er3+-doped glass matrix have been analysed by fitting the experimental data with the standard Judd-Ofelt theory. It is observed that Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters-Omega(t)(t=2, 4 and 6) of Er3+ change when the second alkali is introduced into glass matrix. The variation of line strength S-ed[I-4(13/2),I-4(15/2)] follows the same trend as that of the Omega(6) parameter. The effect of mixed alkali on the spectroscopic properties of the aluminophosphate glasses, such as absorption cross-section, stimulated emission cross-section, spontaneous emission probability, branching ratio and the radiative lifetime, has also been investigated in this paper.

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A Estratégia Saúde da Família na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro não pode ser pensada como um instrumento isolado no contexto de saúde local. A sua interação com a rede de saúde da cidade precisa ser considerada para que ocorra um fluxo de pacientes entre os níveis de atenção. O Rio de Janeiro é dividido em dez Áreas Programáticas com coordenações de saúde próprias. O tamanho e a diversidade das regiões da cidade do Rio de Janeiro faz com que estas áreas tenham necessidades particulares e, consequentemente exijam respostas diferenciadas para as questões de saúde. A área em foco neste estudo é a 3.1 onde se localiza o Complexo do Alemão. O Complexo é marcado pela pobreza, violência e exclusão social. No ano 2000 tinha o Índice Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) de 0,474, um dos piores entre os bairros do Rio de Janeiro. O cenário de vulnerabilidade foi determinante para que o Complexo fosse uma das primeiras áreas a ter intervenções do Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde e do Programa Saúde da Família na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Este estudo procura relacionar as características da Estratégia Saúde da Família na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro com as características do modelo implantado no Complexo do Alemão, a partir de dados dos sistemas de informação e de busca bibliográfica sobre a região. Há características que são comuns ao Rio de Janeiro e ao Complexo do Alemão, como por exemplo, a falta de uma programação de referência e contra-referência para atender a demanda dos pacientes da Estratégia Saúde da Família nos níveis secundário e terciário de cuidados. Existem também características que são próprias do Complexo do Alemão, como por exemplo, a quantidade de equipes compatível com a população segundo as diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde, o que contrasta com a cidade como um todo que tem uma quantidade de equipes ainda pequena em relação à população.

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There are two oligomeric types of glycyl-tRNA synthetases (GlyRSs) in genome, the alpha(2)beta(2) tetramer and alpha(2) dimer. Here, we showed that the anticodon-binding domains (ABDs) of dimeric and tetrameric GlyRSs are non-homologous, although their catalytic central domains (CCDs) are homologous. The dimeric GlyRS_ABD is fused to the C-terminal of CCD in alpha-subunit, but the tetrameric GlyRS_ABD is to the C-terminal in beta-subunit during evolution. Generally, one species only contains one oligomeric type of GlyRS, but the both oligomeric GlyRSs with the multiple homologous domains can be observed in Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum genome, nevertheless, these homologous domains are probably from different genomes. (C) 2005 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Submitted by zhangdi (zhangdi@red.semi.ac.cn) on 2009-04-13T11:45:31Z

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研究了ZnS1-xTex(0.02≤x≤0.3)混晶的静压光致发光谱。每块样品都观察到一个峰值比相应混晶带隙低很多的发光峰,来源于束缚在Ten(n≥2)等电子陷陆上的激子复合发光,且随压力(0.7GPa)而蓝移、发光峰的压力系数比相应混晶带边的都要小,随着Te组分的增加而减小,与混晶带隙压力系数的差别也越来越大。由于压力下与发光峰对应的吸引能量逐渐接近并超过激发光的能量,与发光峰有关的吸收效率降低,发光峰积分强度随着压力增加而减小。据此估算了Ten等电子中心的Stokes位移。发现Stokes位移随着Te组分的增加而减小。