Correção de informações vitais: estimação da mortalidade infantil, Brasil, 2000-2009

OBJETIVO : Propor método simplificado para corrigir informações vitais e estimar o coeficiente de mortalidade infantil no Brasil. MÉTODOS : A correção dos dados vitais dos sistemas de informação sobre mortalidade e nascidos vivos foi obtida por meio de fatores de correção, estimados com base em eventos não informados ao Ministério da Saúde e captados por pesquisa de busca ativa. O método simplificado de correção das informações vitais, de 2000-2009 para o Brasil e unidades da federação, estabelece o nível de adequação das informações de óbitos e nascidos vivos, pelo cálculo do coeficiente geral de mortalidade padronizado por idade e da razão entre os nascidos vivos, informados e esperados, respectivamente, em cada município brasileiro. A partir da aplicação dos fatores de correção ao número de óbitos e nascidos vivos, informados em cada município, as estatísticas vitais foram corrigidas, possibilitando estimar o coeficiente de mortalidade infantil. RESULTADOS : Os maiores fatores de correção foram referentes aos óbitos infantis que atingiram valores maiores do que 7 para municípios com grande precariedade de informações de mortalidade. Os fatores de correção apresentaram gradiente decrescente à medida que melhoraram os indicadores de adequação das informações vitais para óbitos e nascidos vivos. As informações vitais corrigidas pelo método simplificado por unidade da federação, em 2008, foram similares às obtidas na pesquisa de busca ativa. A taxa de natalidade e o coeficiente de mortalidade infantil decresceram em todas as regiões brasileiras, no período. A taxa de decréscimo anual foi de 6,0% no Nordeste, a maior do Brasil (4,7%). CONCLUSÕES : A busca ativa de óbitos e nascimentos possibilitou calcular fatores de correção por nível de adequação das informações de mortalidade e de nascidos vivos. O método simplificado proposto permitiu corrigir as informações vitais por unidade da federação, de 2000 a 2009, e avaliar os progressos do coeficiente de mortalidade infantil no Brasil, regiões e unidades da federação.

Hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil, 2000 and 2010

OBJECTIVE To analyze hospitalization rates and the proportion of deaths due to ambulatory care-sensitive hospitalizations and to characterize them according to coverage by the Family Health Strategy, a primary health care guidance program. METHODS An ecological study comprising 853 municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, under the purview of 28 regional health care units, was conducted. We used data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Ambulatory care-sensitive hospitalizations in 2000 and 2010 were compared. Population data were obtained from the demographic censuses. RESULTS The number of ambulatory care-sensitive hospitalizations declined from 20.75/1,000 inhabitants [standard deviation (SD) = 10.42) in 2000 to 14.92/thousand inhabitants (SD = 10.04) in 2010 Heart failure was the most frequent cause in both years. Hospitalizations rates for hypertension, asthma, and diabetes mellitus, decreased, whereas those for angina pectoris, prenatal and birth disorders, kidney and urinary tract infections, and other acute infections increased. Hospitalization durations and the proportion of deaths due to ambulatory care-sensitive hospitalizations increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS Mean hospitalization rates for sensitive conditions were significantly lower in 2010 than in 2000, but no correlation was found with regard to the expansion of the population coverage of the Family Health Strategy. Hospitalization rates and proportion of deaths were different between the various health care regions in the years evaluated, indicating a need to prioritize the primary health care with high efficiency and quality.

Patterns of Associational Life in Western Europe, 1800-2000

Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of Political and Social Science of the European University Institute

Caracterização das NUTS da Europa de acordo com a dinâmica de ocupações/uso do solo entre 1990 e 2000

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatística e Gestão de Informação

Conforto bioclimático em Portugal continental no período 1941-2000: cartografia e detecção de evolução

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica

Incentivos para a conservação da natureza em sítios da rede natura 2000

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente,Perfil Gestão de Sistemas Ambientais

Desafios colocados ao ordenamento do território português pela Rede Natura 2000: uma abordagem

Dissertação para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ordenamento do Território e Planeamento Ambiental

A política de cooperação para o desenvolvimento da UE e dos EUA para Angola ( 2000-2004)

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais

Antigenic typing of brazilian rabies virus samples isolated from animals and humans, 1989-2000

Animal and human rabies samples isolated between 1989 and 2000 were typified by means of a monoclonal antibody panel against the viral nucleoprotein. The panel had been previously established to study the molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in the Americas. Samples were isolated in the Diagnostic Laboratory of the Pasteur Institute and in other rabies diagnostic centers in Brazil. In addition to the fixed virus samples CVS-31/96-IP, preserved in mouse brain, and PV-BHK/97, preserved in cell culture, a total of 330 rabies virus samples were isolated from dogs, cats, cattle, horses, bats, sheep, goat, swine, foxes, marmosets, coati and humans. Six antigenic variants that were compatible with the pre-established monoclonal antibodies panel were defined: numbers 2 (dog), 3 (Desmodus rotundus), 4 (Tadarida brasiliensis), 5 (vampire bat from Venezuela), 6 (Lasiurus cinereus) and Lab (reacted to all used antibodies). Six unknown profiles, not compatible with the panel, were also found. Samples isolated from insectivore bats showed the greatest variability and the most commonly isolated variant was variant-3 (Desmodus rotundus). These findings may be related to the existence of multiple independent transmission cycles, involving different bat species.

On the possibility of autochthonous Chagas disease in Roraima, Amazon region, Brazil, 2000-2001

Chagas disease has been almost entirely eradicated from the arid zones in Central and Northeastern Brazil where rare or no autochthonous cases have been reported. However, in the last 10 years the disease has increasingly been registered in the Amazon Region. Aiming to investigate the possibility of the occurrence of autochthonous cycle of Chagas disease in Roraima, triatomine collections, vectorial susceptibility studies (this one to be shown elsewhere), parasitological and serological analyses were conducted in three agricultural settlement areas (Rorainópolis, Passarão Project and Ilha Community). Blood-donor candidates were also investigated. This is the first epidemiological survey on Chagas disease conducted in agricultural settlements in Roraima. Triatomine species found were Triatoma maculata, Rhodnius pictipes, Rhodnius robustus and Panstrongylus geniculatus. Trypanosoma cruzi detection analyses included xenodiagnosis, indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemaglutination, ELISA and kinetoplast PCR amplification. Natural triatomine infection was not found in intestinal contents. Twenty-five adult settlers (1.4% out of 1821, all > 15 year-old, 20 migrants) presented anti-T. cruzi antibodies. Two migrant settlers (from Minas Gerais and Maranhão) tested positive for more than two serological tests, besides either being positive for xenodiagnosis or PCR. Results show that Chagas disease is not endemic in the areas studied. However, all elements of the transmission cycle are present, demanding for an adequate and continuous vigilance.

Distribution of virulence markers in clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains isolated in Brazil from 1991 to 2000

One hundred seventy nine Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains from clinical and different environmental sources isolated in Brazil from 1991 to 2000 were serogrouped and screened for the presence of four different virulence factors. The Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to evaluate the genetic relatedness among strains. Fifty-four different serogroups were identified and V. cholerae O26 was the most common (7.8%). PCR analysis for three genes (ctxA, zot, ace) located of the CTX genetic element and one gene (tcpA) located on the VPI pathogenicity island showed that 27 strains harbored one or more of these genes. Eight (4.5%) strains possessed the complete set of CTX element genes and all but one of these belonged to the O26 serogroup suggesting that V. cholerae O26 has the potential to be an epidemic strain. The RAPD profiles revealed a wide variability among strains and no genetic correlation was observed.

Regards croisés francophones et portugais : les images des Portugais dans la littérature romanesque contemporaine (1950-2000)

Tese de doutoramento em Línguas e Literaturas Românicas, Literatura Românica Comparada

Botulism in Brazil, 2000-2008: epidemiology, clinical findings and laboratorial diagnosis

Botulism is a rare and potentially lethal illness caused by Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin. We describe the findings of a laboratorial investigation of 117 suspected cases of botulism reported to the surveillance system in Brazil from January 2000 to October 2008. Data on the number and type of samples analyzed, type of toxins identified, reporting of the number of botulism cases and transmission sources are discussed. A total of 193 clinical samples and 81 food samples were analyzed for detection and identification of the botulism neurotoxin. Among the clinical samples, 22 (11.4%) presented the toxin (nine type A, five type AB and eight with an unidentified type); in food samples, eight (9.9%) were positive for the toxin (five type A, one type AB and two with an unidentified type). Of the 38 cases of suspected botulism in Brazil, 27 were confirmed by a mouse bioassay. Laboratorial botulism diagnosis is an important procedure to elucidate cases, especially food-borne botulism, to confirm clinical diagnosis and to identify toxins in food, helping sanitary control measures.