Novel linkage to chromosome 20p using latent classes of psychotic illness in 270 Irish high-density families

Background: Several lines of evidence suggest that the clinical heterogeneity of schizophrenia is due to genetic heterogeneity. Genetic heterogeneity may decrease the signal-to-noise ratio in linkage and association studies. Therefore, linkage studies of clinically homogeneous classes of psychotic illness may result in greater power to detect at least some loci.

Sharing Classes between Separate Schools: a mechanism for improving inter-group relations in Northern Ireland?

One manifestation of division and the history of conflict in Northern Ireland is the parallel education system that exists for Protestants and Catholics. Although recent decades have seen some advances in the promotion of integrated education, around 95% of children continue to attend schools separated on ethno-religious lines. In 2007 a programme for sharing education was established. Underpinned by intergroup contact theory, and reflecting educational priorities shared by all school sectors, the programme seeks to offer children from different denominational schools an opportunity to engage with each other on a sustained basis. In this article the authors adopt a quantitative approach to examining the impact of participation in the Sharing Education Programme on a range of outcomes (out-group attitudes, positive action tendencies and out-group trust) via, first, intergroup contact (cross-group friendships) and, second, intergroup anxiety. Their findings confirm the value of contact as a mechanism for promoting more harmonious relationships, and affirm the Sharing Education Programme as an initiative that can help promote social cohesion in a society that remains deeply divided.

What is being taught in Religious Education classes in Northern Ireland and to what extent should states be concerned about regulation, quality and control of the subject?

This paper reports on a research project designed to discover what schools are teaching in Religious Education in Northern Ireland and what procedures are in place to maintain standards in the delivery of the subject. A search through literature shows that little research has been carried out to determine what is being taught in Religious Education in Northern Ireland. It also indicates that there are very weak systems of control to measure the effectiveness or quality of what is delivered. A survey of the websites of all Post-Primary schools in the region was used to provide some answers to the basic question of what is being taught in RE. Using content and discourse analysis of these alongside supporting documentary sources (textbooks and exam specifications), it is possible to get a clearer picture of how the Northern Ireland Core Syllabus for Religious Education and any additional curricular elements are delivered in schools. The findings show that a significant minority of schools do not publicly articulate what pupils do in religious education. In situations where the content of religious education is made clear, some definite trends are evident. Despite the existence of a statutory core syllabus, there is significant variation in what is taught in schools. The content is most divergent from the syllabus in relation to the teaching of World Religions at Key Stage 3 and at Key Stage 4 whole elements of the syllabus are neglected due to limited conformity between the syllabus and exam specifications. These results raise important questions about the systems of regulation and control of the subject in the region. In law the subject is exempt from formal inspection by the local inspection authority; instead, a form of inspection is allowed for by the Christian churches who design the syllabus, but it is a process that is either entirely neglected or entirely unreported in situations where it does occur. It is argued that these findings raise questions of more general concern for this and other regions in Europe where the teaching of religious education is largely unregulated. For example, to what extent should states take an interest in what is taught in religious education, how it is delivered, what values it promotes and how standards of teaching and learning in the subject are upheld?

Patterns of co‑occurrence and interactions between age classes of the common triplefin, Forsterygion lapillum

Many marine organisms have pelagic larval stages that settle into benthic habitats occupied by older individuals; however, a mechanistic understanding of inter cohort interactions remains elusive for most species. Patterns of spatial covariation in the densities of juvenile and adult age classes of a small temperate reef fish, the common triplefin (Forsterygion lapillum), were evaluated during the recruitment season (Feb–Mar, 2011) in Wellington, New Zealand (41°17′S, 174°46′E). The relationship between juvenile and adult density among sites was best approximated by a dome-shaped curve, with a negative correlation between densities of juveniles and adults at higher adult densities. The curve shape was temporally variable, but was unaffected by settlement habitat type (algal species). A laboratory experiment using a “multiple-predator effects”design tested the hypothesis that increased settler mortality in the presence of adults (via enhanced predation risk or cannibalism) contributed to the observed negative relationship between juveniles and adults. Settler mortality did not differ between controls and treatments that contained either one (p = 0.08) or two (p = 0.09) adults. However, post hoca analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between the mean length of juveniles used in experimental trials and survival of juveniles in these treatments, suggesting that smaller juveniles may be vulnerable to cannibalism. There was no evidence for risk enhancement or predator interference when adults were present alongside a hetero specific predator (F. varium). These results highlight the complex nature of intercohort relationships in shaping recruitment patterns and add to the growing body of literature recognizing the importance of age class interactions.

Multiplicity results for some classes of Schrödinger-Poisson systems

In this thesis, we study the existence and multiplicity of solutions of the following class of Schr odinger-Poisson systems: u + u + l(x) u = (x; u) in R3; = l(x)u2 in R3; where l 2 L2(R3) or l 2 L1(R3). And we consider that the nonlinearity satis es the following three kinds of cases: (i) a subcritical exponent with (x; u) = k(x)jujp 2u + h(x)u (4 p < 2 ) under an inde nite case; (ii) a general inde nite nonlinearity with (x; u) = k(x)g(u) + h(x)u; (iii) a critical growth exponent with (x; u) = k(x)juj2 2u + h(x)jujq 2u (2 q < 2 ). It is worth mentioning that the thesis contains three main innovations except overcoming several di culties, which are generated by the systems themselves. First, as an unknown referee said in his report, we are the rst authors concerning the existence of multiple positive solutions for Schr odinger- Poisson systems with an inde nite nonlinearity. Second, we nd an interesting phenomenon in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 that we do not need the condition R R3 k(x)ep 1dx < 0 with an inde nite noncoercive case, where e1 is the rst eigenfunction of +id in H1(R3) with weight function h. A similar condition has been shown to be a su cient and necessary condition to the existence of positive solutions for semilinear elliptic equations with inde nite nonlinearity for a bounded domain (see e.g. Alama-Tarantello, Calc. Var. PDE 1 (1993), 439{475), or to be a su cient condition to the existence of positive solutions for semilinear elliptic equations with inde nite nonlinearity in RN (see e.g. Costa-Tehrani, Calc. Var. PDE 13 (2001), 159{189). Moreover, the process used in this case can be applied to study other aspects of the Schr odinger-Poisson systems and it gives a way to study the Kirchho system and quasilinear Schr odinger system. Finally, to get sign changing solutions in Chapter 5, we follow the spirit of Hirano-Shioji, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A 137 (2007), 333, but the procedure is simpler than that they have proposed in their paper.

Factorização de algumas classes de funções matriciais e suas aplicações

Tese dout., Matemática, Universidade do Algarve, 2007,

Les interventions verbales et leur effet sur l'accomplissement des tâches dans les interactions de paires et de groupes dans des classes d'anglais langue seconde

Cette étude qualitative a pour objectif de comprendre comment les interventions verbales des apprenantes et apprenants contribuent à la résolution effective des tâches linguistiques orales dans une classe d'anglais langue seconde selon la théorie Vygotskienne. La recherche a montré que les apprenantes et apprenants passent un temps considérable à discuter les énoncés ainsi que de la meilleure façon de résoudre les tâches linguistiques orales. Or, la recension des écrits a révélé que peu d'études ont tenté de comprendre ce que font les apprenantes et apprenants quand ils sont appelés à résoudre des tâches orales. Dans notre étude nous avons donc essayé de jeter la lumière sur ce phénomène. Les interactions verbales de 10 apprenantes et apprenants ont été enregistrées pendant la résolution de tâches linguistiques orales dans une classe d'anglais langue seconde de l'université de Sherbrooke. Pour analyser les données, nous avons utilisé des éléments de trois méthodes d'analyse, notamment la méthode microgénétique de Vygotsky, l'analyse interactionnelle et l'analyse des conversations. Les résultats ont révélé que les apprenantes et apprenants utilisent un nombre important de stratégies afin de mieux comprendre et résoudre les tâches linguistiques orales de façon efficace. Ils recourent notamment à leur langue maternelle, la répétition et la co-construction de phrases. La discussion de ces résultats a montré que la meilleure compréhension des stratégies utilisées par les apprenantes et apprenants ainsi que comment celle-ci [i.e. celles-ci] sont utilisées pourrait contribuer positivement à l'amélioration des techniques d'enseignement par tâches des langues secondes.

Pour une intégration citoyenne actualisée dans les classes de français langue seconde

Le gouvernement québécois souhaite intégrer ses immigrants afin d'en faire une tranche active de la population. Cette intégration passe à la fois par l'apprentissage de la langue et par la connaissance et l'appartenance à notre culture. Les classes de français langue seconde, où transitent chaque année un bon nombre d'immigrants, sont un vecteur de choix pour la transmission des valeurs québécoises et des éléments qui fondent la culture du Québec. Or, pour permettre aux enseignants de transmettre des éléments culturels en classe, il faut un consensus, relayé sous forme de programme pédagogique ou de guides d'enseignement. Au milieu des années 1990, le ministère de l'Immigration et des Communautés culturelles du Québec a justement élaboré une vaste collection, Québec Atout, qui vise à la fois l'apprentissage du français et l'apprentissage de diverses composantes culturelles. Quinze ans plus tard, cette collection est délaissée par les intervenants en francisation, faute de mises à jour de son contenu et de son approche pédagogique. La pertinence de ce matériel n'est pas à remettre en cause. Pour actualiser Québec Atout, il faudrait cependant revoir certaines dimensions, dont les valeurs et les codes communicationnels et y intégrer une approche actionnelle. Il faudrait surtout tirer profit des technologies émergentes, qui se doivent d'être intégrées en salle de classe et qui peuvent, lorsqu'elles sont bien utilisées, devenir un puissant véhicule d'intégration.