959 resultados para aproveitamento de resíduos
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A região de São Thomé das Letras constitui o maior centro brasileiro de lavra de quartzitos foliados, com produção atual estimada em 250.000 t/ano. O baixo índice de recuperação decorrente das atividades de lavra destes quartzitos, estimada como inferiores a 20% do total extraído, estariam gerando cerca de 1.250.000 t/ano de rejeitos, o que tem se traduzido em grandes pilhas de bota-fora com evidentes desdobramentos ambientais indesejáveis. Objetivando a adequação ambiental da lavra, a Fundação Estadual do Meio Ambiente de Minas Gerais - FEAM iniciou, a partir do ano de 1993, trabalhos de fiscalização e orientação da atividade extrativa de quartzitos no Município de São Thomé das Letras. A partir de 1996, esses trabalhos foram ampliados através do Projeto Minas Ambiente - Mineração de Pedra São Tomé que, sob a coordenação da FEAM, promoveu estudos para disposição controlada e aproveitamento econômico de resíduos, revegetação das pilhas de bota-fora e técnicas menos impactantes de desmonte na lavra. Neste contexto, os estudos geológicos, petrográficos e químicos ora realizados visam contribuir com aspectos de interesse para as atividades extrativas e de aproveitamento industrial dos rejeitos da lavra e do beneficiamento dos quartzitos foliados São Tomé. Trabalhos desenvolvidos no âmbito do Projeto Minas Ambiente e, mais recentemente, pela Universidade Vale do Rio Verde de Três Corações demonstraram a viabilidade técnica de utilização dos quartzitos para elaboração de tijolos prensados e autoclavados. Algumas variedades de quartzitos também estão sendo aproveitadas na produção de vidrados e esmaltes cerâmicos, inclusive com vantagens técnicas e econômicas bastante competitivas sobre matérias-primas oriundas de sedimentos aluvionares. Outros usos para os quartzitos moídos, como carga mineral, material filtrante e argamassas em geral, estão em fase de estudos pelos mineradores e deverão ser brevemente viabilizados, o que permite vislumbrar, pelo menos a médio prazo, um expressivo incremento dos usos industriais para os quartzitos São Tomé. Palavras-chave: rocha ornamental; rocha de revestimento; quartzito laminado; recuperação de rejeito; quartzito São Tomé.
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The study of mathematical modeling assists in evaluation of the capacity of production and measurement of generation time of biogas in landfills, enabling the implantation of projects of energy generation from methane. Thus, the work aims, by simulating scenarios of potential methane generation in the landfill in Rio Claro, the use of field data from methane flow and waste grounded parameters as references for selecting values of k e L0 used to estimate methane generation model in LandGEM. As a result it was found that compared the characteristics adopted in the four scenarios recommended by the USEPA literature with those found in the landfill of Rio Claro (high amount of organic matter in the waste landed and daily practice of leachate recirculation), the scenario that apparently better represent the rate of methane generation is the scenario 01, with k = 0.7 and L0 = 96. Now, the adjustment of parameters in relation to the data field of methane flow, the value of L0 which best fits the methane generation from the landfill in Rio Claro is 150, while for k the line behavior that best represents the reality are values between 0.7 and 0.3. Regarding the parameters of the waste grounded, between the suggested values of k, 0,3 is most consistent with the intermediate level of biological degradation of the residue grounded, while L0 due to the biodegradability of the waste, a new value between 120 and 150 may be more appropriate for the study
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The incineration of municipal solid waste has become a very interesting, in order that incineration reduces the amount of solid waste, which would be accumulated in dumps and / or landfill. Furthermore, it is possible to generate electrical energy by use of clean well known technology. To verify the feasibility of installing a plant for the incineration of solid waste with energy recovery, we must consider some basic requirements. For this reason, will be presented in this paper some factors that influence the project to install a plant of incineration with energy recovery.
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A produção de produtos derivados de madeira e bambu vem crescendo nos últimos anos na busca de um aproveitamento mais racional dessas matériasprimas. Este trabalho tem por finalidade, o estudo da aplicação de resíduos do processamento do café em um painel MDP. Os painéis MDP foram produzidos com partículas de bambu da espécie Dendrocalamus giganteus e adição de partículas de casca de café na camada intermediária do painel, unidas por resina poliuretana à base de mamona. A caracterização físico-mecânica foi realizada baseando-se nas especificações da NBR 14810-3 (2006). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com a norma brasileira NBR 14810-2 (2006), resultando em valores próximos aos comercialmente encontrados.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the mycelial growth of 2 edible fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes) in 6 culture media [(malt-agar, sawdustdextrose-agar-marupá (SDA-MA), sawdust-dextrose-agar-cajuí (SDA-CA), sawdust-dextrose-agaraçaí (SDA-AÇA), sawdust-dextrose-agar-banana 50% (BAN 50%) and sawdust-dextrose-agar-banana 100% (BAN 100%)], in Petri dishes. The experimental design was totally randomized, in a 6x2 factorial scheme. Each treatment consisted of six repetitions in 1 Petri dish, totaling 72 experimental units. It was verified that P. ostreatus presented better mycelial development (81.00; 64.66; 81.00; 50.16 and 33.33mm for SDA-MA, SDA-CA, SDA-AÇA, BAN 50% and BAN 100%, respectively) than L. edodes (32.00; 31.66; 27.66; 37.33 and 21.83mm for SDA-MA, SDA-CA, SDA-AÇA, BAN 50% and BAN 100%, respectively). It was also verified that there was no advantage for L. edodes in relation to mycelial growth, when media based on residues were used, compared to malt-agar medium (control), which obtained the best performance (62.17mm). As for P. ostreatus, SDA-MA and SDA-AÇA medium presented the highest growth averages (81 mm), representing a growth increase of 34% in relation to the control medium (malt-agar), whose growth average was 60.33mm. Thus, the residues tested present potential to be used in fungiculture, especially for the cultivation of P. ostreatus.
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O presente estudo apresenta uma caracterização e classificação dos resíduos de madeira gerados no processo de fabricação de móveis de uma das maiores indústrias do pólo moveleiro de Votuporanga-SP, proporcionando um diagnóstico da geração anual dos resíduos de madeira, a participação percentual desses resíduos, a identificação dos resíduos contaminados, realizando uma análise sobre aproveitamento e destinação dos resíduos, além de propor medidas de reciclagem e ações que venham promover a minimização de resíduos na indústria.
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The sustainable use of waste resulting from the agribusiness is currently the focus of research, especially the sugar cane bagasse (BCA), being the lignocellulosic waste produced in greater volume in the Brazilian agribusiness, where the residual biomass has been applied in production energy and bioproducts. In this paper, pulp was produced in high purity from the (BCA) by pulping soda / anthraquinone and subsequent conversion to cellulose acetate. Commercial cellulose Avicel was used for comparison. The obtained cellulose acetate was homogeneous acetylation reaction by modifying the variables, the reaction time in hours (8, 12, 16, 20 and 24) and temperature in ° C (25 and 50). FTIR spectra showed characteristic bands identical to cellulosic materials, demonstrating the efficiency of separation by pulping. The characterization of cellulose acetate was obtained and by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG / DTG / DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and determining the degree of substitution (DS ) for the cellulose acetate to confirm the acetylation. The optimal reaction time for obtaining diacetates and triacetates, at both temperatures were 20 and 24 h. Cellulose acetate produced BCA presented GS between 2.57 and 2.7 at 25 ° C and 50 ° C GS obtained were 2.66 and 2.84, indicating the actual conversion of cellulose BCA of di- and triacetates. Comparative mode, commercial cellulose Avicel GS showed 2.78 and 2.76 at 25 ° C and 2.77 to 2.75 at 50 ° C. Data were collected in time of 20 h and 24 h, respectively. The best result was for the synthesis of cellulose acetate obtained from the BCA GS 2.84 to 50 ° C and 24 hours, being classified as cellulose triacetate, which showed superior result to that produced with the commercial ethyl cellulose Avicel, demonstrating converting potential of cellulose derived from a lignocellulosic residue (BCA), low cost, prospects of commercial use of cellulose acetate
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Nowadays, industries from all sectors have great concerns over the disposition of the residues generated along the productive process. This is not different in the mineral sector, as this generates great volumes of residues. It was verified that the kaolin improvement industry generates great volumes of residue basically constituted of kaolinite, muscovite mica and quartz, which are basic constitution elements to formularisations of ceramics masses to the production of covering of stoneware tiles type. This happens because the methodology applied to the improvement process is still very rudimentary, what causes a very low yield, only ¼ from all the material volume that enters the improvement process, in the end, is marketable. The disposal of this residue, in a general way, causes a very big negative environmental impact, what has justified the researches efforts aiming to find a rational solution to this problem. In this way, the intention of this present work is the utilization of this residue in the manufacture of products to high quality ceramics covering, stoneware tiles in an industrial scale. For this purpose, the influence of the addition of the residue to a standard ceramics mass used by a ceramics sector company, already established in the market, with the intention of verifying the possibility of use of this residue as the mass complementary raw material and even the possible partial or total substitution of one of the components of the mass for the raw material in evidence will be studied. To the accomplishment of this work, the kaolin improvement residue generated by an industry of exploitation and improvement of kaolin, located in the region of Equador-RN, in the levels 1,2,4,8, 16 and 32% will be added to the standard mass already used for the production of stoneware tiles. The raw materials used, kaolin residue and the standard mass, were characterized through DRX, FRX, DTA, TGA and dilatometry. After the sintering of the bodies of test, tests of water absorption, apparent porosity, post burning linear retraction, apparent specific mass and flexural strength (3 point bending) were realized to determinate the technological properties of these materials. The results show the studied residue can be considered raw material of great potential to the industry of floor and ceramics covering of the stoneware tiles type
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Trata da Lei n. 12.305, de 2 de agosto de 2010, que institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos; altera a Lei n° 9.605, de 12 de fevereiro de 1998; e dá outras providências; e legislação correlata
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial, Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial e Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial e Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.