As mulheres na escolarização da educação física no Espírito Santo : professoras e autoras (1931-1936)

Busca compreender a participação de 23 professoras normalistas formadas no Curso de Educação Física do Espírito Santo, na década de 1930, na escolarização da disciplina. Objetiva analisar como elas significaram sua presença como professoras e autoras da Educação Física capixaba. Como referencial teórico, utiliza os conceitos de lutas de representações (CHARTIER, 1990), estratégia e táticas (CERTEAU, 1994) e do paradigma indiciário (GINZBURG, 1999). Metodologicamente, faz uso da crítica documental (BLOCH, 2001). Como fontes, mobiliza documentos da Escola Normal, do Colégio Nossa Senhora Auxiliadora, do Arquivo Permanente do Centro de Educação Física e Desportos da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (Cefd/Ufes) (1931-1961), documentos do Arquivo Público do Estado do Espírito Santo, a Revista de Educação (1934-1937), o Diário da Manhã (1908-1937) e a revista Vida Capichaba (1923-1959). O Curso de Educação Física foi criado em 1931 e mantido por militares formados no Centro Militar de Educação Física. Apesar de a historiografia apontar o curso como espaço de irradiação de uma pretensa militarização e esportivização da Educação Física, os achados indicam outros intuitos. Essas outras intencionalidades são percebidas por meio de monografias produzidas pelos primeiros docentes formados no curso que, em sua maioria, eram mulheres. Foi possível perceber as apropriações e os usos realizados da cultura em circulação pelas alunas para a construção de seus trabalhos finais, que foram divulgados em impressos locais. Com as publicações, as mulheres alcançaram destaque e passaram a ocupar cadeiras em importantes instituições educacionais da região. Ao dar visibilidade à atuação das 23 professoras de Educação Física, torna-se possível perceber como elas fizeram uso de um capital simbólico acumulado ao longo de suas carreiras como professoras, autoras, enfim, como mulheres que se moviam de forma tática em meio aos discursos que buscavam determinar seus papéis sociais.

Chinese engagement for Global Governance: aiming for a better room at the table?

The text defends the thesis that China is aware that its process of modernization is still recent and needs more growth, maturation and consolidation to assume the role and responsibilities of a regional or even a global leader. This text pursues an understanding about the Chinese stance in relation to the negotiations for the redefinitions of the International Order and the International System (and, hence, Global Governance) and, secondly, seeks to perceive the reactions of non-developed and developed countries in relation to Chinese strategies.

Determinantes da adopção e desenvolvimento do Sistema de Contabilidade de Custos nos municípios Portugueses

The present study envisages to analyse and perceive change within the Portuguese local governments’ accounting information system. This change has occurred in recent years due to the development of the Cost Accounting System (CAS). Are there divergences between those that adopted and those that did not the CAS? As of today, to what extent is the CAS implemented? What factors do determine the level of development of the CAS amongst Portuguese local governments? This study has analysed several factors like the current legal framework, the local governments’ size, the financial independence and the level of political competitiveness. The empirical analysis focus upon the results as obtained by means of questionnaire which was applied to all the Portuguese Local Government (308). Although one may consider that its development is rather shallow, evidence unfolds that about 48% of the respondents have already adopted the CAS. It highlights that the pressure exerted by the current legal framework, namely the POCAL (Plano Oficial de Contabilidade das Autarquias Locais – Local Government Accounting Official Plan), the NLFL (Nova Lei das Finanças Locais – Local Finances New Law) and the RGTAL (Regime Geral de Taxas das Autarquias Locais – Local Government General Regime of Taxes), justifies that most of the local governments has adopted the new system of control and accounting information in recent years.The importance of information stemming from the CAS, thus bettering and refining the decision making process, is consistent with the positive evolution of this system, in the short-run. The institutions’ size as well as the level of financial independence and political competitiveness may also be pondered as most significant variables within this empirical analysis.

RELATION BETWEEN BACKGROUND VARIABLES, VALUES AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

ABSTRACT Consumer perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be directly influenced by individual value structures. This research aims to provide new knowledge regarding the relationship between basic human values and the public's perception of CSR. It focuses on the values of higher education students and their views regarding a particular corporate social initiative. The study reveals that social, educational, and economic circumstances influence human values. Those values in turn influence why different students perceive CSR differently. These findings are relevant to companies as they provide a more detailed understanding of why certain consumer groups perceive certain CSR initiatives the way that they do. They also suggest that universities should increase their awareness of the importance of integrating human values and CSR in the curricula of future business managers and social leaders.

Realism in Gameplay: Digital Fiction and Embodiment

In this article we argue that digital simulations promote and explore complex relations between the player and the machines cybernetic system with which it relates through gameplay, that is, the real application of tactics and strategies used by participants as they play the game. We plan to show that the realism of simulation, together with the merger of artificial objects with the real world, can generate interactive empathy between players and their avatars. In this text, we intend to explore augmented reality as a means to visualise interactive communication projects. With ARToolkit, Virtools and 3ds Max applications, we aim to show how to create a portable interactive platform that resorts to the environment and markers for constructing the games scenario. Many of the conventional functions of the human eye are being replaced by techniques where images do not position themselves in the traditional manner that we observe them (Crary, 1998), or in the way we perceive the real world. The digitalization of the real world to a new informational layer over objects, people or environments, needs to be processed and mediated by tools that amplify the natural human senses.

Possible consequences of increasing life expectancy in Brazil: the perspective of a European historical demographer

Those over sixty years of age accounted for 6.6% of the total population of Brazil in 1985, in the Federal Republic of Germany this proportion was 20.3% in 1984. As early as 1950 it had been 14.5%. This proportion will not even be reached in Brazil in the year 2000 when persons aged sixty years and older are only projected to make up 8.8% of the total population. Similarly, in 1982/84 life expectancy at birth in the Federal Republic was 70.8 years for men and 77.5 for women; in Brazil the figures for 1980/85 were, by contrast, "only" 61.0 and 66.0. Against this background it is easy to understand why the discussion concerning an ageing society with its many related medical, economic, individual and social problems has been so slow in coming into its own in Brazil. As important as a more intensive consideration of these aspects may be in Brazil at present, they are, nevertheless, only one side of the story. For a European historical demographer with a long-term perspective of three of four hundred years, the other side of the story is just as important. The life expectancy which is almost ten years lower in Brazil is not a result of the fact that no one in Brazil lives to old age. In 1981 people sixty-five years and older accounted for 34.4% of all deaths! At the same time infants accounted for only 22.1% of total mortality. They are responsible, along with the "premature" deaths among youths and adults, for the low, "average" life expectancy figure. In Europe, by contrast, these "premature" deaths no longer play much of a role. In 1982/84 more than half of the women (52.8%) in the Federal Republic of Germany lived to see their eightieth birthdays and almost half of the men (47.3%) lived to see their seventy-fifth. Our biological existence is guaranteed to an extent today that would have been unthinkable a few generations ago. Then, the classic troika of "plague, hunger and war" threatened our forefathers all the time and everywhere. The radical transition from the formerly uncertain to a present-day certain lifetime, which is the result of the repression of "plague, hunger and war", led to unexpected consequences for our living together. Our forefathers were forced to live in closely knit Gemeinschaften in the interest of physical survival and to subordinate their egoistic goals to a common value, but now these pressures have, for the most part, fallen away. Correspondingly, this much more certain EGO has taken center stage. An ever greater number of us chooses to live life as single beings: the number of marriages is lower every year; the number of divorces is on the increase; in Berlin (West) more than half (sic! 52.3%) of all households are already composed on only one person. For the last dozen years the annual number of births in the Federal Republic has been insufficient to ensure population replacement. Not a population explosion but rather the opposite, a population implosion, is our problem. Human beings do not appear to be "social animals", as was axiomatically assumed for so long. They were only forced to behave as such for as long as "plague, hunger and war" forced them to do so. When these life endangering conditions no longer exist and life becomes certain even without their being integrated into a Gemeinschaft then humans suddenly show themselves more and more to be independent single beings. It is not the percentage of the population that is over sixty or sixty-five that is decisive in this context but rather how certain adults perceive their biological lives to be, since they are the ones who organize their lives, who build communities or who are ever more often willing only to enter into means-to-an-end personal unions without lasting or close ties and mutual responsibilities. There are many signs which seem to point to a development in this direction in Brazil as well. More and more adults in Brazil are caught up in the deep-seated transition from an uncertain to a certain lifetime. A third of them die after having reached their sixty-fifth birthday. It therefore seems to me to be high time that one began to give more consideration to the other side of the story in Brazil as well. And who is more suited intensively to consider the long-term perspectives than those engaged in the public health sector in whose competence, after all, such aspects, as "life certainty", "life expectancy" and "age at death" belong?

Análise custo-benefício de infra-estruturas rodoviárias: metodologias de implementação

Na sequência das preocupações de ausência dos custos externos na análise de projectos rodoviários, foram realizados diversos estudos (EUNET/SASI, FISCUS, HEATCO, PETS, UNITE, GRACE, IMPACT) com vista a identificar e quantificar os impactes reais das actividades de transporte rodoviário. Nesses projectos foram apresentadas diversas metodologias para quantificação dos custos e também benefícios associados aos sistemas de transporte, nomeadamente das infra-estruturas rodoviárias. Para o efeito foram analisadas várias categorias de custo (custos da infra-estrutura, custos do congestionamento, custos da operação dos veículos, custos dos acidentes, custos do ruído, custos da poluição atmosférica, custos do aquecimento global). Nesta dissertação utilizou-se cinco modelos de determinação de custos de infra-estruturas rodoviárias que posteriormente foram calibrados ao caso português para aplicação em estudo de casos em Portugal de duas formas, avaliação de projectos de infra-estruturas rodoviárias e identificação e fixação de preços, nomeadamente associados às portagens. A avaliação de projectos de infra-estruturas rodoviárias foi realizada através da utilização de indicadores de custos totais e médios, utilizando para o efeito dois modelos: o HDM-4 – Highway Development and Management (PIARC, 2001) e o COBA – Cost Benefit Analysis (TRL, 2004) que utilizam custos totais e um modelo proposto pelo autor com base numa síntese e adaptação de submodelos desenvolvidos nos projectos europeus já referidos que utiliza custos médios. A análise associada à identificação dos custos marginais relevantes para a fixação de preços foi realizada através do modelo desenvolvido no projecto europeu, GRACE – Generalisation of Research on Accounts and Cost Estimation (ITS et al., 2008), e de um modelo proposto pelo autor. Após a adaptação e/ou construção dos modelos, estes foram aplicados ao estudo de três situações específicas em infra-estruturas rodoviárias nacionais. Referem-se intervenções na estrada nacional EN125 que liga Vila do Bispo a Vila Real de Santo António (no Algarve), na auto-estrada A7 que liga Póvoa de Varzim a Vila Pouca de Aguiar (Norte de Portugal) e na auto-estrada A9 que liga o Estádio Nacional em Oeiras a Alverca (região de Lisboa).

O clima organizacional em unidades hospitalares públicas e privadas: a perspectiva dos técnicos de radiologia

Mestrado em Intervenção Sócio-Organizacional na Saúde. Área de especialização: Políticas de Administração e Gestão de Serviços de Saúde

O movimento de alcance em indivíduos após AVE. Estratégias compensatórias por parte do tronco

Introdução: O movimento de alcance, fundamental para actividades diárias, encontra-se frequentemente comprometido após AVE, sendo muitas vezes acompanhado por estratégias compensatórias. Objectivo: Avaliar o movimento de alcance em indivíduos após AVE e verificar se utilizam estratégias compensatórias por parte do tronco aquando da sua realização, verificando também se o plano de intervenção a cada caso permitiu reduzir as estratégias compensatórias. Participantes e métodos: Foram seleccionados dois indivíduos por conveniência, após um único evento de AVE, com score de 2 ou mais na escala Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment. Para avaliar o movimento de alcance utilizou-se a escala Reach Performance Scale (RPS) que apresenta duas subcategorias (alvo próximo e distante). A intervenção, baseada no conceito de Bobath, foi dirigida essencialmente para o membro superior. Resultados: Os dois indivíduos utilizaram o movimento do tronco como estratégia compensatória no movimento de alcance principalmente no alvo distante, onde a pontuação foi menor que para o alvo próximo. Nos dois momentos avaliados não foram registadas alterações. Conclusão: Neste estudo verificaram-se estratégias compensatórias do tronco, concluindo-se que quanto maior o comprometimento do membro superior, maior será o movimento do tronco, sendo este mais visível no caso B.

A influência do eWOM gerado pelos grupos de referência no Facebook, em Portugal

Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Marketing Digital. Orientado por Mestre Inês Veiga Pereira

Gestão estratégica: balanced scorecard para uma entidade hospitalar

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças Orientador: Doutora Cláudia Maria Ferreira Pereira Lopes

Multiagent system for adaptive strategy formulation in electricity markets

Electricity markets are complex environments with very particular characteristics. MASCEM is a market simulator developed to allow deep studies of the interactions between the players that take part in the electricity market negotiations. This paper presents a new proposal for the definition of MASCEM players’ strategies to negotiate in the market. The proposed methodology is multiagent based, using reinforcement learning algorithms to provide players with the capabilities to perceive the changes in the environment, while adapting their bids formulation according to their needs, using a set of different techniques that are at their disposal.

Avaliação do desempenho docente : o papel da supervisão e as competências dos professores avaliadores

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação - Especialização em Supervisão em Educação

O teatro. espaço de encontro de uma comunidade

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Educação Artística - Especialização em Teatro na Educação

MASCEM: electricity markets simulation with strategic agents

Electricity markets are complex environments, involving numerous entities trying to obtain the best advantages and profits while limited by power-network characteristics and constraints.1 The restructuring and consequent deregulation of electricity markets introduced a new economic dimension to the power industry. Some observers have criticized the restructuring process, however, because it has failed to improve market efficiency and has complicated the assurance of reliability and fairness of operations. To study and understand this type of market, we developed the Multiagent Simulator of Competitive Electricity Markets (MASCEM) platform based on multiagent simulation. The MASCEM multiagent model includes players with strategies for bid definition, acting in forward, day-ahead, and balancing markets and considering both simple and complex bids. Our goal with MASCEM was to simulate as many market models and player types as possible. This approach makes MASCEM both a short- and mediumterm simulation as well as a tool to support long-term decisions, such as those taken by regulators. This article proposes a new methodology integrated in MASCEM for bid definition in electricity markets. This methodology uses reinforcement learning algorithms to let players perceive changes in the environment, thus helping them react to the dynamic environment and adapt their bids accordingly.