Ethics Standards (HRPP) and Public Partnership (PARTAKE) to Address Clinical Research Concerns in India: Moving Toward Ethical, Responsible, Culturally Sensitive, and Community-Engaging Clinical Research.

Like other emerging economies, India's quest for independent, evidence-based, and affordable healthcare has led to robust and promising growth in the clinical research sector, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.4% between 2005 and 2010. However, while the fundamental drivers and strengths are still strong, the past few years witnessed a declining trend (CAGR -16.7%) amid regulatory concerns, activist protests, and sponsor departure. And although India accounts for 17.5% of the world's population, it currently conducts only 1% of clinical trials. Indian and international experts and public stakeholders gathered for a 2-day conference in June 2013 in New Delhi to discuss the challenges facing clinical research in India and to explore solutions. The main themes discussed were ethical standards, regulatory oversight, and partnerships with public stakeholders. The meeting was a collaboration of AAHRPP (Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs)-aimed at establishing responsible and ethical clinical research standards-and PARTAKE (Public Awareness of Research for Therapeutic Advancements through Knowledge and Empowerment)-aimed at informing and engaging the public in clinical research. The present article covers recent clinical research developments in India as well as associated expectations, challenges, and suggestions for future directions. AAHRPP and PARTAKE provide etiologically based solutions to protect, inform, and engage the public and medical research sponsors.

Cost performance of Irish credit unions

There are 424 credit unions in Ireland with assets under their control of €14.3bn and a membership of 2.5m which equates to about 66% of the economically active population, the highest penetration level of any country. That said, the Irish movement sits at a critical development stage, well behind mature markets such as Canada and the US in terms of product provision, technological sophistication, fragmentation of trade bodies and regulatory environment. This study analyses relative cost efficiency or performance of Irish credit unions using the popular frontier approach which measures an entity’s efficiency relative to a frontier of best practice. Parametric techniques are utilised, with variation in inefficiency being attributed to credit union-specific factors. The stochastic cost frontier parameters and the credit-union specific parameters are simultaneously estimated to produce valid statistical inferences. The study finds that the majority of Irish credit unions are not operating at optimal levels. It further highlights the factors which drive efficiency variation across credit unions and they include technological sophistication, ‘sponsor donated’ resources, interest rate differentials and the levels of bad debt written off

Contributos para o estudo da pintura mural na arquitectura palatina lisboeta entre o tardo-barroco e o neoclassicismo, 1775-C. 1820

Tese de mestrado, Arte, Património e Teoria do Restauro, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2011

Gender comparisons in non-acute cardiac symptom recognition and subsequent help-seeking decisions: a mixed methods study protocol

Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death in both men and women worldwide. Despite the common misconception that CHD is a ‘man's disease’, it is now well accepted that women endure worse clinical outcomes than men following CHD-related events. A number of studies have explored whether or not gender differences exist in patients presenting with CHD, and specifically whether women delay seeking help for cardiac conditions. UK and overseas studies on help-seeking for emergency cardiac events are contradictory, yet suggest that women often delay help-seeking. In addition, no studies have looked at presumed cardiac symptoms outside an emergency situation. Given the lack of understanding in this area, an explorative qualitative study on the gender differences in help-seeking for a non-emergency cardiac events is needed. Methods and analysis: A purposive sample of 20–30 participants of different ethnic backgrounds and ages attending a rapid access chest pain clinic will be recruited to achieve saturation. Semistructured interviews focusing on help-seeking decision-making for apparent cardiac symptoms will be undertaken. Interview data will be analysed thematically using qualitative software (NVivo) to understand any similarities and differences between the way men and women construct help-seeking. Findings will also be used to inform the preliminary development of a cardiac help-seeking intentions questionnaire. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approvals were sought and granted. Namely, the University of Westminster (sponsor) and St Georges NHS Trust REC, and the Trust Research and Development Office granted approval to host the study on the Queen Mary's Roehampton site. The study is low risk, with interviews being conducted on hospital premises during working hours. Investigators will disseminate findings via presentations and publications. Participants will receive a written summary of the key findings.

O impacto do patrocínio na intenção de compra dos consumidores: estudo do caso do patrocínio da volta a Portugal pela Liberty Seguros

O patrocínio, enquanto meio de comunicação, tem assumido uma importância cada vez maior nas estratégias de marketing das organizações. O mercado empresarial atual obriga a que as marcas encontrem formas diferentes das convencionais de comunicar com os seus clientes e passar-lhes a sua mensagem. Assim, as empresas procuram, por via do patrocínio, interagir com os consumidores e criar laços afetivos que os liguem às marcas que representam. A presente investigação procura perceber de que forma uma ação de patrocínio pode ter impacto na intenção de compra dos consumidores relativamente aos produtos/serviços da marca patrocinadora. Pretende-se igualmente explorar os efeitos da congruência entre o evento patrocinado e a marca patrocinadora, da atitude relativamente ao evento patrocinado e da atitude relativamente à marca patrocinadora na intenção de compra dos consumidores. Os resultados obtidos confirmam que o patrocínio tem influência na intenção de compra dos consumidores em relação aos produtos/serviços da marca patrocinadora do evento. Confirmam também que a congruência entre o evento e a marca, a atitude relativamente à marca e a atitude relativamente ao evento são variáveis que se encontram interligadas e que exercem um efeito de influência entre si, bem como em relação à intenção de compra dos consumidores.

Projecto de pré-dimensionamento de uma ETAR em Luanda - Angola

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Hidráulica

O impacto do patrocínio na atitude e intenção de compra dos consumidores: estudo do caso do patrocínio do Festival NOS Alive

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Publicidade e Marketing.

A perceção das marcas patrocinadoras dos festivais de verão pelos participantes

O aumento da popularidade e da diversidade dos Festivais de Verão, a que temos assistido nos últimos anos, quer a nivel nacional e internacional, explica o interesse no desenvolvimento de um estudo sobre a eficácia das marcas patrocinadoras e o impacto nos mesmos tanto a nivel de conhecimento e consumo. Quando uma marca é patrocinadora de um Festival de Verão tem como principal objetivo que os seus participantes a identifiquem como tal e, consequentemente, passem a ser consumidores dando a conhecer a essência da marca, seus produtos e serviços associados. O presente estudo visa analisar até que ponto a associação da marca ao festival e o aumento do consumo são concretizados. Neste sentido, foi desenvolvido um estudo empírico de carácter quantitativo sobre as atitudes dos consumidores face ao patrocínio de marcas a festivais de música em Portugal. Os festivais seleccionados foram: Meo Marés Vivas, Nos Primavera Sound e Vodafone Paredes de Coura. O grande objectivo consistiu na avaliação da perceção dos consumidores de festivais de Verão nas marcas patrocinadoras dos mesmos. Tendo em conta os objetivos desta dissertação concluímos que, de uma maneira geral, que estes festivais são frequentados essencialmente por estudantes, com idades compreendidas entre 16 e 22 anos. Após análise das variáveis, as marcas patrocinadoras influenciam positivamente o consumidor, no que concerne à recordação/notoriedade da marca e à lealdade na com a mesma. Relativamente à identificação dos patrocinadores, verificou-se que as marcas mais associadas são as que possuem relação semântica com o festival e são, também, as que possuem maior consumo, notoriedade e relevância no mercado. O Vodafone Paredes de Coura destaca-se por ser o festival o que provocou mais atitudes positivas por parte dos inquiridos.

How can sponsoring of sports teams influence healthy eating on children?

Field lab in marketing: Children consumer behaviour

Understanding impact readiness in Portugal’s social sector and designing a framework for capacity-building for social impact

This project is based on the theme of capacity-building in social organisations to improve their impact readiness, which is the predictability of delivering intended outcomes. All organisations which have a social mission, non-profit or for-profit, will be considered to fall within the social sector for the purpose of this work. The thesis will look at (i) what is impact readiness and what are the considerations for building impact readiness in social organisations, (ii) what is the international benchmark in measuring and building impact readiness, (iii) understand the impact readiness of Portuguese social organisations and the supply of capacity building for social impact in Portugal currently, and (iv) provide recommendations on the design of a framework for capacity building for impact readiness adapted to the Portuguese context. This work is of particular relevance to the Social Investment Laboratory, which is a sponsor of this project, in its policy work as part of the Portuguese Social Investment Taskforce (the “Taskforce”). This in turn will inform its contribution to the set-up of Portugal Inovação Social, a wholesaler catalyst entity of social innovation and social investment in the country, launched in early 2015. Whilst the output of this work will be set a recommendations for wider application for capacity-building programmes in Portugal, Portugal Inovação Social will also clearly have a role in coordinating the efforts of market players – foundations, corporations, public sector and social organisations – in implementing these recommendations. In addition, the findings of this report could have relevance to other countries seeking to design capacity building frameworks in their local markets and to any impact-driven organisations with an interest in enhancing the delivery of impact within their work.

A framework for understanding the factors that influence spectators' recall and recognition of embedded sponsorship stimuli

Now, more than ever, sponsors of athletic events demand to see evidence of a commercial return, such as enhanced brand awareness, for their investment of cash or non-cash resources (Lough et aI., 2000). The most common way to measure the impact of perimeter signage (Le., any billboard or sign that displays a company's brand name and/or logo and which surrounds the playing area) on spectators' awareness of event sponsors has been through the use of brand name recall and recognition tests (Shilbury & Berriman, 1996). Recall testing requires spectators to list all of the sponsors they can remember seeing at, for example, an athletic event, strictly from memory and without any help (Cuneen & Hannan, 1993). With recognition testing, spectators are required to identify sponsors from a prepared list which include "dummy" brand names (i.e., sponsors that are present in the list but which do not actually sponsor the event). In order to determine whether sponsors' brand awareness objectives are being met, it is important for sport and recreation marketers to understand what influences a spectator's ability to remember (Le., recall and/or recognize) the brand names of companies who advertise on perimeter signage. The purpose this study was to examine the factors that influence spectators' recall and recognition of embedded sponsorship stimuli (i.e., company brand names on perimeter signage surrounding the play area) at a Canadian University's men's basketball game and football game. These factors included the number of games spectators attended over the course of the season (i.e., repeated exposure to sponsorship stimuli), spectators' level of involvement with the event, and spectators' level of involvement with the advertisements (i.e., perimeter signage). This study also examined the differences between recall and recognition as a means of measuring spectators' awareness of sponsors, and attempted to determine if there are sport differences in spectators' recall and recognition of perimeter signage. Upon leaving the football stadium or gymnasium, spectators were approached, at random, by trained research assistants located at each exit and asked to complete a brief survey questionnaire. Respondents completed the survey on-site. A total of 358 completed surveys were collected from spectators who attended the football (N = 277) and basketball (N = 81) games. The data suggest that football and basketball respondents recognized more sponsors' brand names than they recalled. In addition, football respondents who were highly involved with the event (i.e., those individuals who viewed attending the events as fun, interesting and exciting) attended more games over the course of the season and had significantly higher brand name recognition of sponsors who advertised on perimeter signage than those individuals with low involvement with the athletic event. Football respondents who were highly involved with the sponsors' advertisements (i.e., those individuals who viewed sponsors' perimeter signage as appealing, valuable and important) had significantly higher brand name recall of event sponsors than those individuals with low involvement with these sponsors' advertisements. Repeated exposure to perimeter signage did not have a significant influence on football or basketball respondents' recall or recognition of sponsors. Finally, the data revealed that football respondents had significantly higher recall of sponsors' brand names than basketball respondents. Conversely, basketball respondents had significantly higher recognition of sponsors' brand names than did football respondents.

Article - St. Catharines Standard post race, 7 July 1952

A photograph and brief comment about the race results for Dorothy Rungeling. She is photographed next to George Belfry of Thompson Products (sponsor), Alice Little (co-pilot) and radio broadcaster Rex Stimers.

Legal Protection for Consumer of Pharmaceutical Products

The overall focus of the thesis involves the legal protection for consumers of pharmaceutical products.The work on “Legal Protection for Consumers of Pharmaceutical Products” is undertaken to study the legal framework that is existing for this purpose and the functioning of regulating mechanism that is envisaged under it. The purpose of the study is to analyse how far these measures are effective in adequately protecting various aspects of consumer interest. Methodology adopted for the study is analytical.The present study revealed that the theory of freedom of contract is only an ideal relevant when the parties are assumed to be on equal footing.In a more complicated social and economic society, it ceased to have any relevance. Many countries in the world enacted legislations to protect the consumers of pharmaceutical products.The meaning of ‘consumers of drugs’ provided in the law is inclusive and not exhaustive one. The definition of ‘drug’ as interpreted by the courts is comprehensive enough to take in it not only medicines but also substances. The meaning of the word substances has been widened by the interpretation of the courts so as to include all the things used in treatment.The definition of the word ‘consumer’ has been liberally interpreted by the courts so as to provide protective net to a large section of the public.The studies subsequent to this report also revealed that there is a shortage of essential drugs necessary to cure local diseases like tuberculosis and malaria where as drugs containing vitamins and other combinations which are more profitable for the manufacturers are produced and marketed in abundance.The study of the provisions in this regard revealed that the duty of the drug controlling authorities is confined to scrutinize the data of the clinical test already conducted by the sponsor of the drug.Study of the clinical trial procedure under the U.S. law revealed that there is a continuous supervision over clinical trials and controls are provided on the treatment use of an investigational productStudy of the clinical trial procedure under the U.S. law revealed that there is a continuous supervision over clinical trials and controls are provided on the treatment use of an investigational product.the study of the provisions of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and the rules framed under it revealed that the law in this regard is comprehensive to protect the consumer provided it is sufficiently supported by adequately equipped enforcement machinery.

Zerrissen - zernagt - zerfallen

Das schriftliche Kulturgut zu bewahren ist eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben der Bibliotheken. Aus den jährlich zugewiesenen Mitteln können sie diese Aufgabe aber nicht allein finanzieren. Deshalb versuchen die Bibliotheken über verschiedene Maßnahmen, die Öffentlichkeit über diese Situation zu informieren. Die Sparkassen-Kulturstiftung Hessen-Thüringen hatte sich dieses Themas 2004 angenommen und unter dem Thema "Zerrissen, zernagt, zerfallen" Bestandsschäden in hessischen Bibliotheken in einer zentralen Ausstellung vorgestellt. Nun will die Universitätsbibliothek Kassel in einer eigenen Ausstellung auf die lokalen Probleme von Restaurierung und Konservierung ihrer Altbestände aus der Landesbibliothek und Murhardsche Bibliothek der Stadt Kassel in den Räumen der Kasseler Sparkasse in der Wolfsschlucht hinweisen. Nach einer Erhebung von 2004 sind 42 % des Buchbestandes der hessischen Bibliotheken durch saures Papier oder Verschleiß geschädigt. Die Landesbibliothek Kassel hat als Archivbibliothek für Nordhessen eine Erhaltungspflicht für die in Nordhessen gedruckten Bücher. Bei einem Bestand von gut 450.000 Büchern ist die Anzahl der restaurierungsbedürftigen Bücher ein Massenproblem, das die Bibliothek finanziell völlig überfordert. Während sich für die attraktiven Stücke der Handschriftensammlung relativ leicht ein Sponsor für Restaurierungsarbeiten findet, ist das eigentliche Problem der Bibliothek aber die Erhaltung des normalen Bestandes, nämlich der Massen an Archivexemplaren, die oft äußerlich recht unattraktiv, aber für die Forschung zur hessischen Geschichte und Landeskunde unverzichtbar sind. Das besonders Schlimme an den Säureschäden in den Büchers ist, das sich im Laufe des Zersetzungsprozesses von selbst immer mehr Säure bildet, so daß sich der Zerfallsprozeß immer mehr beschleunigt.

Erwachsene in Partizipationsprozessen mit Kindern und Jugendlichen am Beispiel der projektorientierten Beteiligungsarbeit in der Stadt Kassel unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Vereins Spielmobil Rote Rübe

Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich um ein Vorhaben aus dem Bereich der Praxisforschung. Den Untersuchungsgegenstand bildet das Beteiligungsmodell für Kinder und Jugendliche der Stadt Kassel. Im Zentrum der Betrachtung steht dabei die Rolle der Erwachsenen im Zuge der Durchführung von Beteiligungsprojekten mit Kindern und Jugendlichen in Kassel, einer Großstadt mit rund 185.000 Einwohnern. Die Basis der Untersuchung bilden 17 Kriterien für professionelles Verhalten Erwachsener in Beteiligungsprozessen, die zunächst aus vier pädagogischen Richtungen abgeleitet werden. Es handelt sich dabei um die Ansätze folgender Pädagogen: • Janusz Korczak (1878-1942), polnischer Arzt, Literat, Pädagoge, • Kurt Löwenstein (1885-1939), Gründer und Förderer der sozialistischen Kinderfreunde-Bewegung, • Loris Malaguzzi (1920-1994), italienischer Pädagoge und „Urvater“ der Reggio-Pädagogik und • Olaf Axel Burow (geb. 1951), Begründer der Gestaltpädagogik. Das Hauptziel der Arbeit besteht in der Erarbeitung eines Kriterienkataloges für professionelles Verhalten Erwachsener in Beteiligungsprozessen mit Kindern und Jugendlichen. Nach der Einleitung, einer Beschreibung des der Arbeit zugrunde liegenden Verständnisses von Partizipation und der Darstellung angewandter Untersuchungsinstrumente werden im zweiten Teil neben einem Überblick über historische Vorläufer des Ansatzes Kinder und Jugendliche an der Gestaltung ihrer Lebenswelt zu beteiligen, allgemeine Grundlagen der Beteiligung von Kindern und Jugendlichen geliefert (rechtliche, Formen und Methoden der Beteiligung, Prüfsteine für gute Beteiligung...). Dieser einführende Teil endet mit der Entwicklung grundlegender Kriterien, die bei der Durchführung von Partizipationsprozessen mit Kindern und Jugendlichen berücksichtigt werden sollten bzw. müssen. Im dritten Teil werden die vier oben erwähnten pädagogischen Richtungen vorgestellt und interpretiert. Aus den vier Ansätzen werden zum einen 13 Kriterien für partizipative Erziehung herausgearbeitet zum anderen 17 Kriterien für professionelles Verhalten Erwachsener in Partizipationsprozessen abgeleitet. Anhand dieser Kriterien entsteht auch eine Definition für partizipative Erziehung. Im Zentrum des folgenden vierten Teiles der Arbeit steht zunächst die Beschreibung des Beteiligungsmodells der Stadt Kassel. Dabei bilden die Rolle der Kinderbeauftragten und die Tätigkeiten des Vereins Spielmobil Rote Rübe, der die Entwicklung des Beteiligungsansatzes mitbestimmt, sowie intensiv in die Durchführung der Beteiligungsprojekte involviert ist, die Schwerpunkte der Betrachtung. Nach einer ausführlichen Auseinandersetzung mit der Theorie und der Praxis der Kassler Beteiligungslandschaft werden die in Teil drei entwickelten Kriterien für professionelles Verhalten Erwachsener in Beteiligungsprozessen anhand der aktuellen Situation in der Stadt Kassel auf ihre Praxistauglichkeit hin untersucht und überarbeitet. Auch die in Teil drei verfasste Definition für Beteiligung erfährt einige geringfügige Veränderungen. In diesem Zusammenhang erfolgt auch eine Auseinandersetzung mit Veränderungsmöglichkeiten bzw. eine Beschreibung von Verbesserungsvorschlägen des projektorientierten Beteiligungsmodells der Stadt Kassel.