Ibn Marwan e a fitna: islamismo e feudalismo no Gharb al-Andalus

Esta tese tem como objectivo, de um modo geral, analisar o impacto social, político e até mesmo civilizacional, que levaria ao clima de guerra civil que assolou a Península Ibérica muçulmana no século IX. De um modo mais restrito, analisaremos estes acontecimentos a partir de um dos seus personagens principais, ‘Abd ar-Rahman Ibn Marwan al-Jilliqi, a figura-chave desta dissertação. Como referência, temos o estudo de Manuel Acién Almansa sobre a mesma temática, Entre el Feudalismo y Islam; ‘Umar ibn Hafsun en las Fuentes y Historiografia, partindo de um outro personagem central da fitna: ‘Umar ibn Hafsun. Para além da obra de M. Acién, também consideramos o estudo de Jesus Lorenzo Jimenez, La Dawla de los Banu Qasi, uma dawla de grande protagonismo em toda a fitna. A proposta será analisar o caso de Ibn Marwan à luz dos mesmos problemas elencados por estes dois académicos, mas tendo como cenário o Gharb. Estabelecemos assim um ponto de partida para problematizar dentro da questão social ocidental e oriental, a que pertinentemente M. Acién acrescenta uma outra: a islâmica.

EM FAVOR DOS POBRES: CONCEPÇÕES DE OPRESSÃO-LIBERTAÇÃO NA PEDAGOGIA FREIRIANA EM ARTICULAÇÃO COM O CRISTIANISMO DE LIBERTAÇÃO

O cristianismo de libertação pode ser considerado uma terminologia para designar como as ações de libertação surgem na religião de matriz cristã-católica. Nele, está implícito o conceito de que Deus encontra-se no meio do povo para proporcionar experiências de libertação do sujeito consigo e do sujeito na sociedade. Libertação processual que desencadeie ações libertadoras. Aqui, interessa mais a ação do que a fé. Pensar o cristianismo traduz-se por pensar em ações salvíficas em situações opressoras. A fé que salva a alma, mas aprisiona o corpo não salvou. As experiências espirituais devocionais, deslocadas das atitudes de justiça e de amor em favor dos pobres, passaram por um difícil crivo de senso e valor social, em período histórico concomitante ao surgimento da Teologia da Libertação na América Latina. A igreja, por sua vez, condenou seus melhores pensadores acusando-os de profanos, pois estes preocupavam-se demais com a questão social dos sujeitos-fiéis. Entretanto, o próprio Cristo priorizou salvar as condições sociais dos seus seguidores. Cristo, assim, deu destaque ao corpo do sujeito. Seu contato pessoal com os seus seguidores materializam a verdade de suas palavras libertadores. Nesse sentido, pode-se dizer que Paulo Freire promoveu uma educação cristã. Uma espécie de libertação dos pobres mediada pelo recurso da palavra.

ESPERANÇA E DECEPÇÃO: SINDICALISMO, PARTIDO DOS TRABALHADORES, E IGREJA CATÓLICA NO ABC PAULISTA (1978 2002)

A presente tese procura demonstrar como a Igreja Católica, a partir de Leão XIII, despertou para a questão social, particularmente a dos trabalhadores, fornecendo uma intelectualidade que influenciaria muitas gerações de católicos que aí encontrariam o substrato e o contraponto das concepções marxistas. Com o avanço das correntes progressistas dentro da Igreja, estes se reorientaram e tentaram fazer o cruzamento entre o marxismo e o cristianismo, que culminaria com a Teologia da Libertação. Este foi o momento do encontro também com o movimento sindical, por meio de seus militantes e das Comunidades Eclesiais de Base. Essa intersecção forneceu a base moral que norteou o movimento sindical no final dos anos 70, dando origem ao chamado novo sindicalismo . Os militantes acreditavam que a classe trabalhadora estava engajada e comprometida com as mudanças sociais, quando, na verdade, esta pensava em suas questões mais particulares. Com o tempo, a Igreja, por meio de sua hierarquia, fragmentou a rede de apoio ao movimento sindical e a utopia se desvaneceu.(AU)

Rede de atendimento socioeducativo: possibilidades e limites da garantia de direitos

The results of the research systematized on this analysis sought apprehend the linkage of the socio-educational service network, destined to adolescents who comply with socioeducational measure of confinement, in the region of the Seridó of the state of the Rio Grande do Norte, especially in the city of Caicó, central town of this region. The achievement of this study was stimulated by the interest in unraveling the contradictory reality imposed by neoliberal State, sparing the guarantee of rights, especially to these teens, who are seen as authors of violations and are stigmatized by capitalist society. The research was carried in the period July-September 2013, under critical perspective, using the documental analysis and the observational techniques and interviews with professionals of the Educational Center (CEDUC), of the Unified Health System (SUS), of the Social Policies of Social Assistance, and of the State Department of Education, which should make the service network that gravitates around the National System of Socio-educational Services (SINASE). The Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA) and SINASE define that the application of socioeducational measures cannot occur isolated of the public policies, becoming indispensable the linkages of the system with the social policies of social assistance, education and health. However, it was observed that the neoliberal logic of the capitalist State has developed broken, disconnected, focal and superficial social policies, who fail give effect to the rights acquired beyond the legal sphere. In this perspective, it is possible affirm that the everyday of the Brazilian poor teens is marked by the action of the State, which aims to control those who disturb the order of capital, who threaten the production, the market, the consume and the private property. This way, actions are promoted criminalizing poverty and imprint a legal action over this expression of the social issue to the detriment of social policies that meet the real needs of adolescents. Face of this reality, it becomes necessary to put on the agenda of the here and now to fight for rights, aiming at a broad public debate involving professionals, researchers and social movements in support of the viability of rights, which aims to support reflections and to strengthen ways to confront this social problem. With the approximations of this study, it was learned that the struggle for rights is a fight for another project of society, beyond what is laid.

A inserção da família no processo socioeducativo de adolescentes em privação de liberdade

This master thesis has the main goal investigate how families are inserted in the socioeducational process of teenagers who are undergoing social measures of liberty deprivation. The specific objectives are: to characterize the family´s living together of adolescents deprived of their freedom and their families, from the actions and routines of the socio-educational system; to assess the professional working links in the context of socio-education, in order to care and strengthening families of the adolescents; to investigate how families evaluate the operation of socio-educational process in which adolescents are met. Method: to achieve the proposed objectives, data collection occurred in complementary steps: the first phase took place from visits to socioeducational units of liberty deprivation of RN, and dialogues with professionals working in socio-education. Subsequently, action research stage was carried out, from the insertion of the researcher in the extension project Family and the struggle for the effectiveness of the National Socio Service System, that aimed to strengthen monitoring the adolescents socio-education by their families, and had as methodology the conversation circles and thematic workshops. Lastly, were performed reading and analysis of the references to the family in the Individual Care Plans (PIAs) for adolescents. The information gathered was recorded in field diaries and subjected to thematic content analysis. This research was guided by the Marxist theoretical framework, structured on the understanding of the involvement of adolescents with illegal acts as a development and expression of the social question. From this theoretical framework, the prevailing view in the capitalist society of adolescents in conflict with the law as individuals who are treated by means of repression and segregation and the weakness of social policies is questioned, both in the execution of their own socioeducational measures as the articulation of network services for adolescent protection and strengthening your family. Results: in relation to the operation of the socioeducational system in RN in general, it was observed a state of unhealthy physical spaces and institutional practices that violate human rights, idleness and lack of access to social rights, and criminalization and institutionalization of poor young people and their families. With regard to family´s living together, it was noticed great distance between principles and guidelines recommended by the SINASE, about acquaintanceship and family strengthening, and every day practices of socio-education in RN: serious violations were observed that undermine the family´s living together, as the distance between the socio-educational units of deprivation of liberty and the cities where families live; absence, irregularity and poor conditions in carrying out the family visits; lack of conjugal visits; restricted and unarticulated actions for the care and strengthening of the families of adolescents, most of whom live in poverty or extreme poverty. Finally, it was found a number of blamefully and punishments to the family, including practices such as inward inspection (visual inspection while naked and squant), plus a series of violence and omissions care that sick family members and weaken the links between adolescents and their families.

“Escritores da liberdade”: histórias reais de jovens que cumpriram medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto no município do Natal/RN

Such work aims to analyze aspects of the lives of adolescents, authors of Infraction, after completion of the Socio-Educational Measures in Half Open (Probation - LA and Services to the Community - PSC) in the city of Natal / RN in 2010. Thus, it become necessary to point out and consider the socio-historical determinations that permeate the lives of these young men, estimating the economic, social, political and historical aspects. We understand that these individuals experience numerous expressions of Social Issues, such as lack of opportunities, violence, unemployment, among others. In the reduction context of the State actions for the social, and investments negligible in public policies. Thus, the research aimed to identify such determinations in the lives of adolescents, young people today, and aimed to know these adolescents and analyze the family situation, socio-economic and political these, after completion of educational measures; and to evaluate the inclusion in school life and in the labor market. Therefore, we used as a methodological way the qualiquantitative research, using the procedure of 4 (four) semi-structured interviews, 9 (nine) analysis processes by configuring so documentary research, through the analysis of reports, processes and monitoring documents. The universe of analysis went adolescents who fulfilled socio-educational measures in liberty in the city of Natal / RN. The sample consisted of nine (9) young, that we follow during the mandatory curricular training, in the period of graduation in Social Work at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in 2010. The time frame of the research took place between 2010 - 2014. The results of this study indicate that the solution to problems of violence is not the reduction of criminal majority. It is necessary to take actions in ensuring rights and allow other living conditions to the children and adolescents, because, in fact, in the society there is a tendency to regression of rights. We learn that, despite all the difficulties, as: low education, access to the labor market, low income, among others, young people interviewed understand the Socio-Educational Measures such as a watershed in their lives, because, they do not practice more illicit acts, they seek a better life, they have dreams and plans for the future, and they continue writing their histories.

“Escritores da liberdade”: histórias reais de jovens que cumpriram medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto no município do Natal/RN

Such work aims to analyze aspects of the lives of adolescents, authors of Infraction, after completion of the Socio-Educational Measures in Half Open (Probation - LA and Services to the Community - PSC) in the city of Natal / RN in 2010. Thus, it become necessary to point out and consider the socio-historical determinations that permeate the lives of these young men, estimating the economic, social, political and historical aspects. We understand that these individuals experience numerous expressions of Social Issues, such as lack of opportunities, violence, unemployment, among others. In the reduction context of the State actions for the social, and investments negligible in public policies. Thus, the research aimed to identify such determinations in the lives of adolescents, young people today, and aimed to know these adolescents and analyze the family situation, socio-economic and political these, after completion of educational measures; and to evaluate the inclusion in school life and in the labor market. Therefore, we used as a methodological way the qualiquantitative research, using the procedure of 4 (four) semi-structured interviews, 9 (nine) analysis processes by configuring so documentary research, through the analysis of reports, processes and monitoring documents. The universe of analysis went adolescents who fulfilled socio-educational measures in liberty in the city of Natal / RN. The sample consisted of nine (9) young, that we follow during the mandatory curricular training, in the period of graduation in Social Work at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in 2010. The time frame of the research took place between 2010 - 2014. The results of this study indicate that the solution to problems of violence is not the reduction of criminal majority. It is necessary to take actions in ensuring rights and allow other living conditions to the children and adolescents, because, in fact, in the society there is a tendency to regression of rights. We learn that, despite all the difficulties, as: low education, access to the labor market, low income, among others, young people interviewed understand the Socio-Educational Measures such as a watershed in their lives, because, they do not practice more illicit acts, they seek a better life, they have dreams and plans for the future, and they continue writing their histories.

Internação involuntária e o abuso de substâncias psicoativas - o pathos familiar

The use and abuse of Psychoactive Substances (PAS) in contemporaneity corresponds to a social issue and a public health issue. Few social phenomena entail more costs with justice and health, family difficulties, and appearances in the media than the PAS abuse comsumption. The government power has been facing this situation allocating investments and developing public policies. Despite the current Mental Health Policy, based on the principles of Psychiatric Reform that prioritizes outpatient services, the number of investments from various government spheres and families requests for admissions continue increasing. This study aimed to understand the pathos experienced by an individual toward the involuntary internment of a family member who is an abusive user of PAS. The research also aimed to investigate what led that individual to choose this type of treatment. The Psychoanalysis was the theoretical basis of this work, and the exercise of the psychoanalytic method, from the collection of bibliographic references up to the interpretation of the semi-structured interview, conducted in depth, was intended. The findings of this research gave us the oportunity of thinking about how the social callings to the family were made, especially in regard of atention and care with their family members who are user of PAS and how it affects this family individual. It also allowed to discuss how the public policies that preconize involuntary internment, affectivity, prohibitionist and mono-disciplinarity – that cross the State in the attention given to this issue – are formulated and implemented. The interview analysis showed us how happen the agencying of pathos, the libidinal aspects of joy and guilt, the desire to punish and atonement, working in family relations and in caring relations, especially in the decision for involuntary internment. The survey also made possible to understand how a mother, facing the chaotic scene of public health, helpless, finds in the involuntary internment a way to reverberate her affections.

Djunta-mó na Procura de uma Vida Melhor

O estudo apresenta-se com o objetivo de compreender diferentes dimensões que interpelam o campo da imigração, evidenciando a relevância das redes sociais e do capital social na mobilidade social dos imigrantes caboverdianos em Portugal. Neste estudo privilegiamos a metodologia qualitativa, dando primazia ao paradigma interpretativo. Foram feitas cinco entrevistas semi-estruturadas a imigrantes caboverdianos adultos residentes na comunidade do Cacém, concelho de Sintra. As narrativas dos imigrantes caboverdianos participantes revelam que as suas redes sociais estão bastantes fragilizadas. A falta de confiança, a escassa participação social em estruturas comunitárias, e o parco djunta-mó que parece existir entre eles, ressaltam como características que parecem inibir os imigrantes de interagir com redes diferentes, fechando-se entre si. Tais características na interação social afetam a emergência e o reforço do capital social necessário para uma integração bem-sucedida, dificultando a mobilidade social ascendente. Sendo a imigração uma importante expressão da questão social, o Serviço Social deveria assumir a centralidade do debate sobre as preocupações do tema apresentado, tanto a nível das características das trajetórias do imigrante, como das suas trajetórias de (não-)integração e in(ex)clusão social. As conclusões do estudo desafiam a (re)pensar as estratégias comunitárias para intervir socialmente no reforço da confiança, entreajuda e participação social, alinhadas com a (re)definição de políticas sociais justas, capazes de potenciar equidade nos processos de mobilidade social ascendente.

O Plano Diretor como instrumento de gestão da cidade: o caso da cidade de Fortaleza/CE

According to article 182 of the Brazilian Federal Constitution, cities should perform social function, what brings the concept that the city should be a place for one to live well. For that to happen, it should be well administered by its public managers. However, so that there is a sound administration, one that really performs that social function, there must be, first, an efficient planning. We understand that such a thing occurs when the master plan is the main planning instrument of a city and serves as basis for its administration. We notice, however, that in most of the cities the master plan is formulated as a law that regulates urban planning but that both the population and the government most of the times are not aware of its importance concerning the relevant issues related to municipal administration, such as its relationship with the economy, taxation, the social issue, land use regulation, and, in summary, with all the aspects that constitute and that a municipal government should manage in the best possible way. One also knows that, in general, the attempt of city planning has always been connected to the duration of a mandate and that way public managers many times implement restricted measures aiming to just attain a political-electoral objective and publicizing their administration. That implies actions and works that in some cases have negative impacts or ones that cannot be removed from the cities. This study intends to show that the master plan should be the planning instrument guiding the municipal administration but that, however, what we note is a lack of connection between that instrument and the government guidelines of the municipal managers. In order to study what happens to the cities that have a planning which is not taken into account in its administration, we will use the city of Fortaleza, capital of the State of Ceará as a case study. Historically, in Fortaleza the public managers have seldom decided to administer the city in according to the master plans developed for it. We should emphasize that planning begins in the city quite late and until the current days it is being substituted by temporary measures. Through the analysis of the planning process and of the urban management of the city of Fortaleza, especially the master plans predicted since 1933, we explain that if such plans had been implemented, they could have been important tools for its administration to attain a social function, becoming therefore a place for one to live well

Homo-quê? Expressão de atitudes implícitas e explicitas face à homoparentalidade – Moderação motivacional

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.

Envelhecimento das pessoas com dificuldade intelectual e desenvolvimental, DID : avaliação das competências psicomotoras de gerontes com DID

Artigo 1: Nos últimos 40 anos, a população idosa portuguesa duplicou, correspondendo a 16.7% da população total, prevendo-se que este índice venha a aumentar. De igual modo, o envelhecimento nos indivíduos com Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental (DID) aumentou de uma forma considerável e segundo os Censos de 2011, 45.2% da população com DID tem idades entre os 45-90 anos, devido aos recentes avanços da tecnologia/medicina e das mudanças no estilo de vida, que permitiram um aumento da esperança média de vida (EMV) deste subgrupo populacional. Esta nova questão social trouxe repercussões significativas para as instituições, famílias e para os prestadores de cuidados, que passam a necessitar de recursos que contemplem o novo grupo populacional, os Gerontes com DID, i.e., serviços que não estejam segmentados e especializados para estes dois grupos populacionais, considerando-os como distintos. Na intervenção, em geral, e na intervenção psicomotora, em particular, é fundamental que se conheça o processo de envelhecimento nas pessoas com DID, para responder às novas necessidades e desafios emergentes decorrentes do mesmo. Desta forma, este artigo foca o processo de envelhecimento psicomotor desta população para uma melhor adequação dos programas a implementar, visando a melhoria das competências psicomotoras, aumento da autonomia e participação na comunidade. Artigo 2: O presente estudo apresenta como objetivo a avaliação das competências psicomotoras de gerontes com Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental (DID), justificado pelo aumento considerável do seu tempo médio de vida, pela escassez de recursos direcionados e adequados e pelo desconhecimento das características psicomotoras do mesmo, durante o processo de envelhecimento. Foram divididos 118 gerontes, entre os 45 e os 94 anos (67.68 ± 13.09) em três grupos: 39 sem diagnóstico definido, 41 com doença de Alzheimer (DA) e 38 com DID e avaliados pelo Exame Geronto Psicomotor, que permitiu a definição dos seus perfis psicomotores. Na comparação dos grupos em estudo constatou-se as diferenças entre os grupos com DID/DA e os seus pares típicos na generalidade dos domínios, tal como seria expectável, apesar de ainda pouco se conhecer sobre a relação DA vs. DID. Recomenda-se, então, uma investigação mais detalhada, para intervenções individualizadas de qualidade e ainda uma possível adaptação do instrumento à DID.

O Plano Diretor como instrumento de gestão da cidade: o caso da cidade de Fortaleza/CE

According to article 182 of the Brazilian Federal Constitution, cities should perform social function, what brings the concept that the city should be a place for one to live well. For that to happen, it should be well administered by its public managers. However, so that there is a sound administration, one that really performs that social function, there must be, first, an efficient planning. We understand that such a thing occurs when the master plan is the main planning instrument of a city and serves as basis for its administration. We notice, however, that in most of the cities the master plan is formulated as a law that regulates urban planning but that both the population and the government most of the times are not aware of its importance concerning the relevant issues related to municipal administration, such as its relationship with the economy, taxation, the social issue, land use regulation, and, in summary, with all the aspects that constitute and that a municipal government should manage in the best possible way. One also knows that, in general, the attempt of city planning has always been connected to the duration of a mandate and that way public managers many times implement restricted measures aiming to just attain a political-electoral objective and publicizing their administration. That implies actions and works that in some cases have negative impacts or ones that cannot be removed from the cities. This study intends to show that the master plan should be the planning instrument guiding the municipal administration but that, however, what we note is a lack of connection between that instrument and the government guidelines of the municipal managers. In order to study what happens to the cities that have a planning which is not taken into account in its administration, we will use the city of Fortaleza, capital of the State of Ceará as a case study. Historically, in Fortaleza the public managers have seldom decided to administer the city in according to the master plans developed for it. We should emphasize that planning begins in the city quite late and until the current days it is being substituted by temporary measures. Through the analysis of the planning process and of the urban management of the city of Fortaleza, especially the master plans predicted since 1933, we explain that if such plans had been implemented, they could have been important tools for its administration to attain a social function, becoming therefore a place for one to live well

A Natalidade e a Fecundidade em Portugal

Para melhor compreendermos a situação de fecundidade em Portugal no início do século XXI, precisamos analisar a evolução das últimas décadas, na medida em que o comportamento passado condiciona o observado no momento actual. Nos últimos 30 a 40 anos, registaram-se enormes alterações nos padrões de fecundidade por idades. Nos anos 60 e 70, o modelo alterou-se, na medida em que as mulheres passaram a ter filhos mais cedo, isto é, a fecundidade elevou-se abaixo dos 28 anos (principalmente, entre os 23 e os 26) e a fecundidade tardia (a partir dos 32 anos) reduziu-se bastante. Até ao início dos anos 80, a contracepção foi utilizada maioritariamente no interior do casamento, por mulheres com idade acima dos 30 anos, após terem atingido o número desejado de filhos. Nos anos 80, o modelo voltou a alterar-se. O número de filhos por mulher desceu para valores abaixo de 2. Na década seguinte, última do século XX, a tendência acentuou-se: o número de filhos manteve-se baixo, e continuou a adiar-se, para idades cada vez mais tardias, o momento do nascimento (valores mais elevados entre os 28 e os 30 anos). Registou-se um elevado nível de contracepção, em mulheres jovens com idades até aos 28 anos; contracepção eficaz e generalizada, antes do casamento, precedendo o nascimento do primeiro filho. A partir de 2000 até 2009, o número de nascimentos diminuiu ainda mais e o adiamento não parou de aumentar. Todavia, começou a assistir-se a uma recuperação muito ténue no número de nascimentos em idades mais tardias, entre os 33 e os 42 anos (valores mais elevados registados em mães com 29, 30 e 31 anos). Como resultado de um comportamento de declínio ao longo de décadas, agravado por um quadro recente onde as mulheres não pararam de adiar a idade da maternidade, Portugal converteu-se num dos países da Europa e do Mundo com mais baixos níveis de fecundidade.

GEOGRAFIA DA SAÚDE: PRESSUPOSTOS TEÓRICOS E O ESTUDO DA RELAÇÃO DA PRECIPITAÇÃO COM OS CASOS DE DENGUE NO MUNICÍPIO DE EUSÉBIO-CE-BRASIL

Esta pesquisa insere-se dentro do campo de estudo da ciência geográfica denominada Geografia da Saúde, ramo este que tem contribuído para as discussões no âmbito da Geografia. Deste modo, este estudo busca no arcabouço teórico da Geografia da Saúde sua fundamentação para relacionar a precipitação com os casos de dengue no município de Eusébio, que se localiza na Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza-CE/Brasil. A referida cidade é considerada de pequeno porte, com uma população 46.047 habitantes (IBGE, 2010). Contudo, têm crescido em ritmo acelerado e, desta forma, é necessário cuidado com os problemas socioambientais, uma vez que são nas cidades que estes riscos são mais observados. É nesta perspectiva que relaciona-se os casos de dengue no município do Eusébio com a precipitação nos últimos anos, haja vista que o município é um modelo para o Estado do Ceará de controle e combate a dengue. Esta cidade está inserida dentro de uma política cearense de combate a proliferação do Aedes Aegypti - Programa Nacional de Controle da Dengue (PNCD). Neste contexto, verifica-se a relação dos fatores climáticos - precipitação com o acréscimo dos casos de dengue no município. Entretanto, não dissociou-se os aspectos físicos que propiciam a proliferação do mosquito, da questão social, assim, averigua-se também a intervenção das políticas públicas para o controle dos casos de dengue no município.