Homogenous implant in rat tibias of matrix preserved in 98% glycerin: histomorphologic study.

As a chemical medium for preservation of tissues, glycerin has shown good results because it maintains the cellular integrity despite the tissue dehydration it causes. Taking advantage of the osteoinducing properties of the osseous matrix and glycerin as a proper medium for tissue preservation, osseous matrix was implanted in rat tibias. Twenty-four rats were used, each receiving two surgical wounds. In one of the wounds an osseous matrix preserved in 98% glycerin was implanted and the other received a matrix without preservatives. Six animals were sacrificed on days 10, 20, 30 and 60 post-implant. After routine histological processing, the specimens were stained in hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. The results showed that the matrixes preserved in glycerin presented faster resorption with replacement by newly formed tissue.

Frobenius polynomials for Calabi-Yau equations

Sei $\pi:X\rightarrow S$ eine \"uber $\Z$ definierte Familie von Calabi-Yau Varietaten der Dimension drei. Es existiere ein unter dem Gauss-Manin Zusammenhang invarianter Untermodul $M\subset H^3_{DR}(X/S)$ von Rang vier, sodass der Picard-Fuchs Operator $P$ auf $M$ ein sogenannter {\em Calabi-Yau } Operator von Ordnung vier ist. Sei $k$ ein endlicher K\"orper der Charaktetristik $p$, und sei $\pi_0:X_0\rightarrow S_0$ die Reduktion von $\pi$ \uber $k$. F\ur die gew\ohnlichen (ordinary) Fasern $X_{t_0}$ der Familie leiten wir eine explizite Formel zur Berechnung des charakteristischen Polynoms des Frobeniusendomorphismus, des {\em Frobeniuspolynoms}, auf dem korrespondierenden Untermodul $M_{cris}\subset H^3_{cris}(X_{t_0})$ her. Sei nun $f_0(z)$ die Potenzreihenl\osung der Differentialgleichung $Pf=0$ in einer Umgebung der Null. Da eine reziproke Nullstelle des Frobeniuspolynoms in einem Teichm\uller-Punkt $t$ durch $f_0(z)/f_0(z^p)|_{z=t}$ gegeben ist, ist ein entscheidender Schritt in der Berechnung des Frobeniuspolynoms die Konstruktion einer $p-$adischen analytischen Fortsetzung des Quotienten $f_0(z)/f_0(z^p)$ auf den Rand des $p-$adischen Einheitskreises. Kann man die Koeffizienten von $f_0$ mithilfe der konstanten Terme in den Potenzen eines Laurent-Polynoms, dessen Newton-Polyeder den Ursprung als einzigen inneren Gitterpunkt enth\alt, ausdr\ucken,so beweisen wir gewisse Kongruenz-Eigenschaften unter den Koeffizienten von $f_0$. Diese sind entscheidend bei der Konstruktion der analytischen Fortsetzung. Enth\alt die Faser $X_{t_0}$ einen gew\ohnlichen Doppelpunkt, so erwarten wir im Grenz\ubergang, dass das Frobeniuspolynom in zwei Faktoren von Grad eins und einen Faktor von Grad zwei zerf\allt. Der Faktor von Grad zwei ist dabei durch einen Koeffizienten $a_p$ eindeutig bestimmt. Durchl\auft nun $p$ die Menge aller Primzahlen, so erwarten wir aufgrund des Modularit\atssatzes, dass es eine Modulform von Gewicht vier gibt, deren Koeffizienten durch die Koeffizienten $a_p$ gegeben sind. Diese Erwartung hat sich durch unsere umfangreichen Rechnungen best\atigt. Dar\uberhinaus leiten wir weitere Formeln zur Bestimmung des Frobeniuspolynoms her, in welchen auch die nicht-holomorphen L\osungen der Gleichung $Pf=0$ in einer Umgebung der Null eine Rolle spielen.

Neural progenitor cells regulate microglia functions and activity

We found mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to have a secretory protein profile distinct from other brain cells and to modulate microglial activation, proliferation and phagocytosis. NPC-derived vascular endothelial growth factor was necessary and sufficient to exert at least some of these effects in mice. Thus, neural precursor cells may not only be shaped by microglia, but also regulate microglia functions and activity.

GuideView: structured multi-modal delivery of clinical guidelines.

GuideView is a system designed for structured, multi-modal delivery of clinical guidelines. Clinical instructions are presented simultaneously in voice, text, pictures or video or animations. Users navigate using mouse-clicks and voice commands. An evaluation study performed at a medical simulation laboratory found that voice and video instructions were rated highly.

Novel oxazolo-oxazole derivatives of FTY720 reduce endothelial cell permeability, immune cell chemotaxis and symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice

The immunomodulatory FTY720 (fingolimod) is presently approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It is a prodrug that acts by modulating sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor signaling. In this study, we have developed and characterized two novel oxazolo-oxazole derivatives of FTY720, ST-968 and the oxy analog ST-1071, which require no preceding activating phosphorylation, and proved to be active in intact cells and triggered S1P1 and S1P3, but not S1P2, receptor internalization as a result of receptor activation. Functionally, ST-968 and ST-1071 acted similar to FTY720 to abrogate S1P-triggered chemotaxis of mouse splenocytes, mouse T cells and human U937 cells, and reduced TNFa- and LPS-stimulated endothelial cell permeability. The compounds also reduced TNFα-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression, but restored TNFα-mediated downregulation of PECAM-1 mRNA expression. In an in vivo setting, the application of ST-968 or ST-1071 to mice resulted in a reduction of blood lymphocytes and significantly reduced the clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mice comparable to FTY720 either by prophylactic or therapeutic treatment. In parallel to the reduced clinical symptoms, infiltration of immune cells in the brain was strongly reduced, and in isolated tissues of brain and spinal cord, the mRNA and protein expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, as well as of matrix metalloproteinase-9 were reduced by all compounds, whereas PECAM-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase TIMP-1 were upregulated. In summary, the data suggest that these novel butterfly derivatives of FTY720 could have considerable implication for future therapies of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases.

Polémica de los surrealistas y H. Bustos Domecq

En la literatura argentina del siglo XX, el surrealismo estuvo representado por Aldo Pellegrini y sus grupos.. Su primera revista QUÉ apareció en 1928 y 1930. Posteriormente, en la década del 50, publicaron: A partir de cero, Letra y línea y Boa. De ellas, Letra y Línea, Revista de cultura contemporánea. Artes plásticas. Teatro. Cine. Música. Crítica, n° 3 originó un entredicho entre Borges y Bioy Casares, bajo el seudónimo de H. Bustos Domecq y Pellegrini y Svanascini, director y redactor de la revista mencionada. Basados en ese ejemplar, ellos publicaron en el n° 17, de Buenos Aires Literaria, el cuento-ensayo,"De aporte positivo", en el que la criticaron, en especial, un poema de Pellegrini y las reflexiones sobre la poesía de Svanascini. La respuesta apareció en n° 4 de Letra y Línea, sin firma, dirigida a ellos, fijando la posición de la revista: "Borges y Bioy Casares, paladines de la literatura gelatinosa". Pero no terminó allí, continuó en el n° 3 de A partir de Cero, en " Comentario a tres frases de autores célebres" de Pellegrini, que criticó una frase de Borges, tomada al azar. Los textos citados manifiestan la posición literaria de ellos en ese momento.

Polémica de los surrealistas y H. Bustos Domecq

En la literatura argentina del siglo XX, el surrealismo estuvo representado por Aldo Pellegrini y sus grupos.. Su primera revista QUÉ apareció en 1928 y 1930. Posteriormente, en la década del 50, publicaron: A partir de cero, Letra y línea y Boa. De ellas, Letra y Línea, Revista de cultura contemporánea. Artes plásticas. Teatro. Cine. Música. Crítica, n° 3 originó un entredicho entre Borges y Bioy Casares, bajo el seudónimo de H. Bustos Domecq y Pellegrini y Svanascini, director y redactor de la revista mencionada. Basados en ese ejemplar, ellos publicaron en el n° 17, de Buenos Aires Literaria, el cuento-ensayo,"De aporte positivo", en el que la criticaron, en especial, un poema de Pellegrini y las reflexiones sobre la poesía de Svanascini. La respuesta apareció en n° 4 de Letra y Línea, sin firma, dirigida a ellos, fijando la posición de la revista: "Borges y Bioy Casares, paladines de la literatura gelatinosa". Pero no terminó allí, continuó en el n° 3 de A partir de Cero, en " Comentario a tres frases de autores célebres" de Pellegrini, que criticó una frase de Borges, tomada al azar. Los textos citados manifiestan la posición literaria de ellos en ese momento.

Polémica de los surrealistas y H. Bustos Domecq

En la literatura argentina del siglo XX, el surrealismo estuvo representado por Aldo Pellegrini y sus grupos.. Su primera revista QUÉ apareció en 1928 y 1930. Posteriormente, en la década del 50, publicaron: A partir de cero, Letra y línea y Boa. De ellas, Letra y Línea, Revista de cultura contemporánea. Artes plásticas. Teatro. Cine. Música. Crítica, n° 3 originó un entredicho entre Borges y Bioy Casares, bajo el seudónimo de H. Bustos Domecq y Pellegrini y Svanascini, director y redactor de la revista mencionada. Basados en ese ejemplar, ellos publicaron en el n° 17, de Buenos Aires Literaria, el cuento-ensayo,"De aporte positivo", en el que la criticaron, en especial, un poema de Pellegrini y las reflexiones sobre la poesía de Svanascini. La respuesta apareció en n° 4 de Letra y Línea, sin firma, dirigida a ellos, fijando la posición de la revista: "Borges y Bioy Casares, paladines de la literatura gelatinosa". Pero no terminó allí, continuó en el n° 3 de A partir de Cero, en " Comentario a tres frases de autores célebres" de Pellegrini, que criticó una frase de Borges, tomada al azar. Los textos citados manifiestan la posición literaria de ellos en ese momento.

Sr-Nd isotopic analyses of sand-sized sediment from the San Francisco Bay coastal system

A diverse suite of geochemical tracers, including 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotope ratios, the rare earth elements (REEs), and select trace elements were used to determine sand-sized sediment provenance and transport pathways within the San Francisco Bay coastal system. This study complements a large interdisciplinary effort (Barnard et al., 2012) that seeks to better understand recent geomorphic change in a highly urbanized and dynamic estuarine-coastal setting. Sand-sized sediment provenance in this geologically complex system is important to estuarine resource managers and was assessed by examining the geographic distribution of this suite of geochemical tracers from the primary sources (fluvial and rock) throughout the bay, adjacent coast, and beaches. Due to their intrinsic geochemical nature, 143Nd/144Nd isotopic ratios provide the most resolved picture of where sediment in this system is likely sourced and how it moves through this estuarine system into the Pacific Ocean. For example, Nd isotopes confirm that the predominant source of sand-sized sediment to Suisun Bay, San Pablo Bay, and Central Bay is the Sierra Nevada Batholith via the Sacramento River, with lesser contributions from the Napa and San Joaquin Rivers. Isotopic ratios also reveal hot-spots of local sediment accumulation, such as the basalt and chert deposits around the Golden Gate Bridge and the high magnetite deposits of Ocean Beach. Sand-sized sediment that exits San Francisco Bay accumulates on the ebb-tidal delta and is in part conveyed southward by long-shore currents. Broadly, the geochemical tracers reveal a complex story of multiple sediment sources, dynamic intra-bay sediment mixing and reworking, and eventual dilution and transport by energetic marine processes. Combined geochemical results provide information on sediment movement into and through San Francisco Bay and further our understanding of how sustained anthropogenic activities which limit sediment inputs to the system (e.g., dike and dam construction) as well as those which directly remove sediments from within the Bay, such as aggregate mining and dredging, can have long-lasting effects.

Pollen record and calculated holocene vegetation and climate dynamics from Sihailongwan Maar Lake, NE China

High-resolution palynological analysis on annually laminated sediments of Sihailongwan Maar Lake (SHL) provides new insights into the Holocene vegetation and climate dynamics of NE China. The robust chronology of the presented record is based on varve counting and AMS radiocarbon dates from terrestrial plant macro-remains. In addition to the qualitative interpretation of the pollen data, we provide quantitative reconstructions of vegetation and climate based on the method of biomization and weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WA-PLS) technique, respectively. Power spectra were computed to investigate the frequency domain distribution of proxy signals and potential natural periodicities. Pollen assemblages, pollen-derived biome scores and climate variables as well as the cyclicity pattern indicate that NE China experienced significant changes in temperature and moisture conditions during the Holocene. Within the earliest phase of the Holocene, a large-scale reorganization of vegetation occurred, reflecting the reconstructed shift towards higher temperatures and precipitation values and the initial Holocene strengthening and northward expansion of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Afterwards, summer temperatures remain at a high level, whereas the reconstructed precipitation shows an increasing trend until approximately 4000 cal. yr BP. Since 3500 cal. yr BP, temperature and precipitation values decline, indicating moderate cooling and weakening of the EASM. A distinct periodicity of 550-600 years and evidence of a Mid-Holocene transition from a temperature-triggered to a predominantly moisture-triggered climate regime are derived from the power spectra analysis. The results obtained from SHL are largely consistent with other palaeoenvironmental records from NE China, substantiating the regional nature of the reconstructed vegetation and climate patterns. However, the reconstructed climate changes contrast with the moisture evolution recorded in S China and the mid-latitude (semi-)arid regions of N China. Whereas a clear insolation-related trend of monsoon intensity over the Holocene is lacking from the SHL record, variations in the coupled atmosphere-Pacific Ocean system can largely explain the reconstructed changes in NE China.