On the representation of an inclined Gaussian beam

In most contemporary optics courses, Gaussian beams are demonstrated in the form of propagation along one coordinate axis. This is referred to as the conventional representation and is in fact a special form. In this paper, we derive the general representation of a Gaussian beam propagating obliquely to the coordinate axis, by performing a coordinate rotation transformation on the conventional representation. When doing so on the beam parameters, a restrictive condition has to be taken into account. Without this condition, the expressions for the beam parameters after the rotation are not consistent with the conventional ones.

MATRIX DESCRIPTION OF DYNAMIC HOLZ DIFFRACTION TESTED ON THE STRAINED LAYER SUPERLATTICE SI/GESI

A matrix formulation has been developed and applied to simulate large-angle convergent-beam electron diffraction (LACBED) patterns from the Si/GexSi1-x strained layer superlattice (SLS). Good quantitative agreement has been achieved between experimental and simulated patterns. By utilizing dynamical HOLZ line patterns, we demonstrate that an accuracy of better than 0.1% can be achieved in the determination of the averaged lattice constant of a SLS, and the averaged number of layers of atoms within one period of SLS can be determined up to a single monolayer.

Undercut structure fabricated by complementary-structure micropatterning technique for the passive-matrix display of organic light-emitting diodes

This paper reports a new patterning method, the complementary-structure micropatterning (CSMP) technique, to fabricate the undercut structures for the passive-matrix display of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). First, the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stripe patterns with a trapeziform cross-section were formed by micromolding in capillaries. Then the photoresist was spin coated on the substrate with the patterned PVP stripes and developed in water.

Theoretical representation of shear and pressure influence on the phase separation behavior of PVME/PS mixture

In the framework of lattice fluid model, the Gibbs energy and equation of state are derived by introducing the energy (E-s) stored during flow for polymer blends under shear. From the calculation of the spinodal of poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) and polystyrene (PS) mixtures, we have found the influence of E., an equation of state in pure component is inappreciable, but it is appreciable in the mixture. However, the effect of E, on phase separation behavior is extremely striking. In the calculation of spinodal for the PVME/PS system, a thin, long and banana miscibility gap generated by shear is seen beside the miscibility gap with lower critical solution temperature. Meanwhile, a binodal coalescence of upper and lower miscibility gaps is occurred. The three points of the three-phase equilibrium are forecasted. The shear rate dependence of cloud point temperature at a certain composition is discussed. The calculated results are acceptable compared with the experiment values obtained by Higgins et at. However, the maximum positive shift and the minimum negative shift of cloud point temperature guessed by Higgins are not obtained, Furthermore, the combining effects of pressure and shear on spinodal shift are predicted.

STUDIED ON THE SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF INORGANIC MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS .3. DETERMINATION OF MICROAMOUNTS OF TUNGSTEN, MOLYBDENUM AND TITANIUM

The absorption spectra of W, Mo and Ti-phenylfluorone cetyltrimethylammonium bromide complexes and the optimum conditions for the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of microamounts of W, Mo and Ti were studied. In order to examine the effect of the errors of calibration matrix on the analytical resulte, the approach of selecting the analytical wavelengths was investigated and the comparison of computation results between AKC method (the matrix representation of Beer-Lambert's Law) and ...

Representation of microscale ocean wavenumber spectrum correct to the second order

In this paper, the analytical representations of four wave source functions in high-frequency spectrum range are given on the basis of ocean wave theory and dimensional analysis, and the perturbation method is used to solve the governing equations of ocean wave high-frequency spectrum on the basis of the temporally stationary and locally homogeneous scale relations of microscale wave. The microscale ocean wavenumber spectrum correct to the second order has an explicit structure, its first order part represents the equilibrium between different source functions, and its second order part represents the contribution of microscale wave propagation.

Three dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission on matrix spectrum of dissolved organic substance in marine microalgaes growth process

The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum was used to detect the changes in dissolved organic substances from the cultured Skeletonema costatum, Alexandrium tamarense, Alexandrium mimutum, Scrippsiella trochodea, Prorocentrum donghaiense and Prorocentrum micans. The result indicates that all of the microalgaes can produce FDOM in the growth courses. Diatom such as Skeletonema costatum can produce humic-like FDOM. However dinoflagellate can produce protein-like FDOM at exponential growth phase. When the algae grows into decadency phase, the intensity of humic-like and protein-like fluorescence augments rapidly, which may be due to a mass of FDOM realeased by the old or dead cell fragmentation and the degradation of bacteria by using non-FDOM. The fluorescent intensity of Alexandrium tamarense, Alexandrium mimutum, Prorocentrum donghaiense and Prorocentrum micans can reduce at anaphase of decadency phase because of the degradation of bacteria and light. The same genus of algae can produce similar FDOM, for example: Alexandrium tamarense, and Alexandrium mimutum, Prorocentrum donghaiense and Prorocentrum micans, but the positions of the fluorescence peaks are different.

A Self-Organizing Multiple-View Representation of 3D Objects

We explore representation of 3D objects in which several distinct 2D views are stored for each object. We demonstrate the ability of a two-layer network of thresholded summation units to support such representations. Using unsupervised Hebbian relaxation, we trained the network to recognise ten objects from different viewpoints. The training process led to the emergence of compact representations of the specific input views. When tested on novel views of the same objects, the network exhibited a substantial generalisation capability. In simulated psychophysical experiments, the network's behavior was qualitatively similar to that of human subjects.

Analytical Representation of Contours

The interpretation and recognition of noisy contours, such as silhouettes, have proven to be difficult. One obstacle to the solution of these problems has been the lack of a robust representation for contours. The contour is represented by a set of pairwise tangent circular arcs. The advantage of such an approach is that mathematical properties such as orientation and curvature are explicityly represented. We introduce a smoothing criterion for the contour tht optimizes the tradeoff between the complexity of the contour and proximity of the data points. The complexity measure is the number of extrema of curvature present in the contour. The smoothing criterion leads us to a true scale-space for contours. We describe the computation of the contour representation as well as the computation of relevant properties of the contour. We consider the potential application of the representation, the smoothing paradigm, and the scale-space to contour interpretation and recognition.

AMAR: A Computational Model of Autosegmental Phonology

This report describes a computational system with which phonologists may describe a natural language in terms of autosegmental phonology, currently the most advanced theory pertaining to the sound systems of human languages. This system allows linguists to easily test autosegmental hypotheses against a large corpus of data. The system was designed primarily with tonal systems in mind, but also provides support for tree or feature matrix representation of phonemes (as in The Sound Pattern of English), as well as syllable structures and other aspects of phonological theory. Underspecification is allowed, and trees may be specified before, during, and after rule application. The association convention is automatically applied, and other principles such as the conjunctivity condition are supported. The method of representation was designed such that rules are designated in as close a fashion as possible to the existing conventions of autosegmental theory while adhering to a textual constraint for maximum portability.