Towards Educational Inclusion in a Transforming Society: Some Lessons from Community Relations and Special Needs Education in Northern Ireland

This paper takes an original approach to an important aspect of educational research and its role in transforming societies, namely that of educational inclusion. It brings together what some might consider two rather strange bedfellows i.e. community relations and special needs education. It also draws upon new tools for theorising educational inclusion, which give a central role to the discursive nature of human conduct and which take a view of human behaviour as socially embedded and meaningful.

James Anderson's Political Economy--His Influence on Smith and Malthus

James Anderson's powerful critique of Adam Smith's position on the corn export bounty was published in 1777. It focuse d on Smith's proposition that the bounty could not lead to increased corn production because it could not increase corn's real price. Smit h's response to the critique is traced in later editions of Wealth of Nations. While Anderson's critique of Smith influenced Thomas Malthu s's writings from 1803 onwards, his theory of differential rent did n ot influence Malthus at this stage. An examination of the evolution o f Malthus's ideas on rent between 1803 and 1815, however, indicates t hat Malthus knew and used Anderson's work on rent.

���Marxism and Ecology: From Political Economy to Political Ecology���

One of the reasons for the 'fin de seicle' angst within western liberal capitalist societies is the rise in prominance of ecological concerns within these societies. Long before the New Right declared the post-war welfare state to be untenable, early green critics had claimed it to be ecologically unsustainable. The addiction of the welfare state on ever increasing levels of economic growth was pronounced to be simply impossible within the context of a finite planet. Although it was not expressed in this manner, what these early ecological concerns with Limits to Growth were in effect saying was that the accumulation of capital rendered capitalism unsustainable. Yet the ecological critique of capitalism has not found much favour within the Marxist critique untile recently. Early Marxist analyses of the ecology movement dismissed them as ���petty bourgeios radicals��� while many greens still view Marxism as ���fair shares in extinction���. The lack of positive engagement and dialogue between Marxism and ecology has in recent years been put right with a discernable overlap between the two critiques of capitalism. This article seeks to present the areas of disagreement and agreement between the two and seeks to provide an ���environmental audit��� on both the Marxist method and political project.

The Political Economy of Swift's Satires and other Prose Works

Jonathan Swift wrote perceptively about the emerging commercial society<br/>in Britain in the early eighteenth century. His particular focus was on the<br/>financial revolution and its implications for economic and political stability<br/>as well as for shifts of power between the landed and commercial<br/>classes. Following his return to Ireland Swift���s focus shifted to the developmental<br/>problems of his native country. In several pamphlets he advocated<br/>consumption of domestic products, challenged existing political<br/>structures and made trenchant criticisms of absenteeism and other dysfunctional<br/>aspects of the land tenure system. Swift���s politico-economic<br/>concerns are fully reflected in his best known work, Gulliver���s Travels but<br/>his most pointed criticism of the emerging commercial system is contained<br/>in A Modest Proposal. Written in the form of an economic pamphlet, A<br/>Modest Proposal is ostensibly designed to address the problem of poverty<br/>in Ireland. In addition to its implicit criticism of economic policy in Ireland,<br/>the pamphlet challenges the separation of economics and morality as<br/>evidenced in the writings of William Petty and Bernard Mandeville. Swift<br/>parodies Petty���s political arithmetic but it is suggested here that he also<br/>had in his sights the consequentialist reasoning present in the work of<br/>both authors but explicitly so in Mandeville.<br/>Keywords: financial revolution, public debt, paper credit, rationality, political<br/>arithmetic, consequentialism, Petty (William), Mandeville (Bernard)

Combinations of Prompt and Target Response Modalities and Their Impact on Emergent Relations and Teaching Efficiency.

In the present study, native Spanish speakers were taught a small English vocabulary (Spanish-to-English intraverbals). Four different training conditions were created by combining textual and echoic prompts with written and vocal target responses. The efficiency of each training condition was examined by analysing emergent relations (i.e., tacts) and the total number of sessions required to reach mastery under each training condition. All combinations of prompt-response modalities generated increases in correct responding on tests for emergent relations but when target responses were written, mastery criterion was reached faster. Results are discussed in terms of efficiency for emergent relations and recommendations for future directions are provided.