Regional economic growth and human capital: the role of overeducation

This article analyses the link between human capital and regional economic growth in the European Union. Using various indicators of human capital calculated from census microdata, we conclude that the recent economic performance of European regions is associated with an increase in overeducation. In fact, measures of educational mismatch seem to be more strongly connected to regional economic performance than do other traditional measures of human capital stock.

Opinions al voltant de les relacions entre l'economia i l'educació

La influència decisiva que té l'economia en la majoria deis aspectes que configuren la vida humana és una evidencia, i l'educació no constitueix cap excepció. Philip H. Combs, prestigiós expert en temes relacionats amb els problemes educatius en general i més concretament en la seva dimensió econòmica i social, en analitzar els factors que caracteritzaven la crisi educativa a escala mundial a partir deis anys seixanta, va destacar com a essencials: el desbordament estudiantil (augment de la demanda). L'aguda escassesa de recursos, l'augment deis costos, la inadaptació del producte i la inercia i ineficiencia.

Sobiranisme universitari

Cal que anem construint aquest futur, el present no s"atura mai.

La FP ha de dur a la universitat? La formació professional compleix uns objectius diferents al batxillerat.

Alumnes de formació professional copen els graus dedicats a formar el professorat. La irrupcio d'estudiants de FP deixa fora de la universitat alguns batxillers.

Tradición y modernidad en las políticas educativas en España: una revisión de las últimas décadas

En el presente artículo trazamos un panorama aproximativo de algunas de las cuestiones más relevantes que determinan, al tiempo que reflejan, las políticas educativas en España desde la década de 1980 hasta la actualidad. Esta revisión de los últimos 25 años permitirá apreciar, siquiera de manera epidérmica e inevitablemente parcial, la tensión o dialéctica entre la tradición-caracterizada por la persistencia de formas caducas en la concepción y en la provisión educativa- y la modernidad-portadora de la tendencia al cambio y a la innovación, si bien no exenta de ambigüedad y contradicción en su propio desarrollo-. Nos detenemos en aquellos ejes a partir de los cuales se articula nuestra reflexión, tales como las políticas educativas, la organización del sistema educativo, la convergencia europea, las organizaciones transnacionales reguladoras de las políticas educativas y prospectivas, finalizando con algunas conclusiones que, aun siendo abiertas, plantean la persistencia de las dinámicas reproductoras. Nuestro análisis se ciñe, para esta ocasión, al ámbito de la educación formal, sin dejar de reconocer la importancia creciente de los espacios de educación no formal e informal, y de los sectores emergentes derivados de los mismos. Como se verá, nuestro planteamiento se enmarca dentro de una interpretación singular acerca de las derivaciones y consecuencias de la modernidad tardía en la que se inscribe nuestro período de estudio

Las nuevas modalidades familiares como contexto de transición a la vida adulta: el logro educativo en hogares monoparentales

En los últimos años se ha producido un incremento considerable en el número de familias monoparentales encabezadas por un solo progenitor. producto del aumento extraordinario de las rupturas conyugales. En esta situación un número creciente de niños y adolescentes pasan etapas más o menos largas de sus vidas a cargo de un progenitor divorciado y algunos de ellos/as conviven con una nueva pareja de su progenitor en una familia reconstituida. Existe una extensa producción sociológica que señala la monoparentalidad como uno de los principales factores que contribuyen a la desigualdad en la infancia. En el presente trabajo nos centramos en el efecto que la estructura del hogar produce sobre dimensiones relacionadas con el logro educativo de adolescentes y jóvenes los rendimientos educativos, la idoneidad en trayectoria educativa, y expectativas de estudiar una carrera universitaria así como en los factores que amortiguan ese efecto. Para ello analizamos datos del Panel de Familias e Infancia (realizado a 3.000 adolescentes y sus padres en Cataluña).Las evidencias obtenidos confirman un dato descrito en la mayor parte de la literatura existente en otros países: la mayor vulnerabilidad educativa entre los niños/as que viven en hogares monoparentales y familias reconstituidas. Tras la interrupción de la convivencia del menor con el progenitor que no obtiene la custodia, tienden a disminuir las inversiones que éste realiza en dos recursos cruciales para el logro educativo del menor, tiempo y dinero. Utilizando datos del Panel observamos que el grado de implicación del padre no residente en las actividades escolares del adolescente amortigua la relación entre monoparentalidad y bajos rendimientos académicos de los adolescentes.

More than Words? An Analysis on the Language and Structure of General Election Manifestos of the British Labour Party 1983-2005

The topic of this study is the language of the educational policies of the British Labour party in the General Election manifestos between the years 1983-2005. The twenty-year period studied has been a period of significant changes in world politics, and in British politics, especially for the Labour party. The emergence educational policy as a vote-winner of the manifestos of the nineties has been noteworthy. The aim of the thesis is two-fold: to look at the structure of the political manifesto as an example of genre writing and to analyze the content utilizing the approach of critical discourse analysis. Furthermore, the aim of this study is not to pinpoint policy positions but to look at what is the image that the Labour Party creates of itself through these manifestos. The analysis of the content is done by a method of close-reading. Based on the findings, the methodology for the analysis of the content was created. This study utilized methodological triangulation which means that the material is analyzed from several methodological aspects. The aspects used in this study are ones of lexical features (collocation, coordination, euphemisms, metaphors and naming), grammatical features (thematic roles, tense, aspect, voice and modal auxiliaries) and rhetoric (Burke, Toulmin and Perelman). From the analysis of the content a generic description is built. By looking at the lexical, grammatical and rhetorical features a clear change in language of the Labour Party can be detected. This change is foreshadowed already in the 1992 manifesto but culminates in the 1997 manifesto which would lead Labour to a landslide victory in the General Election. During this twenty-year period Labour has moved away from the old commitments and into the new sphere of “something for everybody”. The pervasiveness of promotional language and market inspired vocabulary into the sphere of manifesto writing is clear. The use of the metaphors seemed to be the tool for the creation of the image of the party represented through the manifestos. A limited generic description can be constructed from the findings based on the content and structure of the manifestos: especially more generic findings such as the use of the exclusive we, the lack of certain anatomical parts of argument structure, the use of the future tense and the present progressive aspect can shed light to the description of the genre of manifesto writing. While this study is only the beginning, it proves that the combination of looking at the lexical, grammatical and rhetorical features in the study of manifestos is a promising one.

Pedagogia política i Política educativa

La política, i amb aquesta la política educativa, participa de l'ambigüitat que li concedeixen els diccionaris en definir-la al hora com a doctrina i art, com a opinió i activitat, com a ciència i tècnica; amb la confusió que resulta de barrejar el discurs amb l'experiència, la teoria amb la practica, el pensament amb l'acció. Encara que els tractats de política diferencien entre politologia i política, habitualment es parla de política com un àmbit on es barregen tots els nivells de l'entorn, des de la filosofia fins a la gestió polítiques, de manera que s'agombolen discurs polític, sistemes o dissenys de polítiques i gestió.

Students competences in Business Administration subjects

The evaluation of the competences acquired by the students in the context of a university education system is needed to enable professors to develop teaching-learning processes tailored to students" needs. The main goal of this paper is to analyze in depth the profile of the acquired competences of the bachelor students in Business Administration subjects. In that sense, this paper explains an experience in assessing bachelor student"s competences by applying an ICT-based digital platform designed for the selfassessment of personal and social competences. In particular, we apply an evaluation tool which was specifically designed for self-evaluating the project managers" generic and specific competences. The authors of this research have previous experience in implementing this evaluation tool in the subjects of Business Administration, Operations Management and Strategic Management taught in the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of Barcelona. In this paper, the results show that there exist significant differences in the self-evaluation of competences depending on the respondent gender. This kind of tools benefits the three parties involved: students, university managers and organizations, and should be applied along the Bachelor as a transversal project and adapt the programs to achieve graduate students with higher levels of social and personal competences, as demanded by the labour market.

Regional economic growth and human capital: the role of overeducation

The paper analyses the link between human capital and regional economic growth in the European Union. Using different indicators of human capital calculated from census microdata, we conclude that the recent economic performance of European regions is associated to an increase in overeducation. In fact, measures of educational mismatch seem to have a stronger connection to regional economic performance than other traditional measures of human capital stocks.

The effects of ICT on school: teachers’ and students’ perspectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on school from teachers’ and students’ perspectives. The focus was on three main subject matters: on ICT use and competence, on teacher and school community, and on learning environment and teaching practices. The study is closely connected to the national educational policy which has aimed strongly at supporting the implementation of ICT in pedagogical practices at all institutional levels. The phenomena were investigated using a mixed methods approach. The qualitative data from three cases studies and the quantitative data from three statistical studies were combined. In this study, mixed methods were used to investigate the complex phenomena from various stakeholders’ points of view, and to support validation by combining different perspectives in order to give a fuller and more complete picture of the phenomena. The data were used in a complementary manner. The results indicate that the technical resources for using ICT both at school and at homes are very good. In general, students are capable and motivated users of new technology; these skills and attitudes are mainly based on home resources and leisuretime use. Students have the skills to use new kinds of applications and new forms of technology, and their ICT skills are wide, although not necessarily adequate; the working habits might be ineffective and even wrong. Some students have a special kind of ICT-related adaptive expertise which develops in a beneficial interaction between school guidance and challenges, and individual interest and activity. Teachers’ skills are more heterogeneous. The large majority of teachers have sufficient skills for everyday and routine working practices, but many of them still have difficulties in finding a meaningful pedagogical use for technology. The intensive case study indicated that for the majority of teachers the intensive ICT projects offer a possibility for learning new skills and competences intertwined in the work, often also supported by external experts and a collaborative teacher community; a possibility that “ordinary” teachers usually do not have. Further, teachers’ good ICT competence help them to adopt new pedagogical practices and integrate ICT in a meaningful way. The genders differ in their use of and skills in ICT: males show better skills especially in purely technical issues also in schools and classrooms, whereas female students and younger female teachers use ICT in their ordinary practices quite naturally. With time, the technology has become less technical and its communication and creation affordances have become stronger, easier to use, more popular and motivating, all of which has increased female interest in the technology. There is a generation gap in ICT use and competence between teachers and students. This is apparent especially in the ICT-related pedagogical practices in the majority of schools. The new digital affordances not only replace some previous practices; the new functionalities change many of our existing conceptions, values, attitudes and practices. The very different conceptions that generations have about technology leads, in the worst case, to a digital gap in education; the technology used in school is boring and ineffective compared to the ICT use outside school, and it does not provide the competence needed for using advanced technology in learning. The results indicate that in schools which have special ICT projects (“ICT pilot schools”) for improving pedagogy, these have led to true changes in teaching practices. Many teachers adopted student-centred and collaborative, inquiry-oriented teaching practices as well as practices that supported students' authentic activities, independent work, knowledge building, and students' responsibility. This is, indeed, strongly dependent on the ICT-related pedagogical competence of the teacher. However, the daily practices of some teachers still reflected a rather traditional teacher-centred approach. As a matter of fact, very few teachers ever represented solely, e.g. the knowledge building approach; teachers used various approaches or mixed them, based on the situation, teaching and learning goals, and on their pedagogical and technical competence. In general, changes towards pedagogical improvements even in wellorganised developmental projects are slow. As a result, there are two kinds of ICT stories: successful “ICT pilot schools” with pedagogical innovations related to ICT and with school community level agreement about the visions and aims, and “ordinary schools”, which have no particular interest in or external support for using ICT for improvement, and in which ICT is used in a more routine way, and as a tool for individual teachers, not for the school community.

Reformar la Universitat és clau per a la competitivitat

Ara com ara el govern espanyol es proposa reformar la Universitat i per això ha creat una comissió d'experts. Curiosament, per justificar la reforma, en lloc de basar-se en fets objectius es basa en dades que no es corresponen amb la realitat. Cal reformar la Universitat, sí. En el que tinc dubtes és en les solucions que proposarà el govern espanyol si parteix d'idees tan estranyes com dir que sobren universitats. Un argument per justificar-ho és dir que ha Califòrnia n'hi ha deu. Resulta que n'hi ha cent quaranta-sis. Si ens centrem a Catalunya, no hi sobren universitats, el que cal és no repetir titulacions amb poca demanda i impulsar el seu encaix en el teixit productiu

És urgent reformar l'ensenyament universitari

Quan analitzo els continguts dels graus francesos o alemanys, diferents entre ells, m'adono de la gran diferència entre els seus i el nostre. Algú podrà dir que adaptar el model al que tenen els nostres companys de la Unió Europea seria degradar la universitat. No és cert, seria adaptar la universitat al que avui demana la societat. La universitat no és una escola de formació professional, però ha de preparar milers de ciutadans per incorporar-se com a professionals a la societat. Ho ha de fer formant també investigadors

Indicadors sorprenents

L'anàlisi de l'informe ens diu que, efectivament, els resultats són per amoïnar-se perquè si bé la gent més jove està més ben formada, les diferents lleis educatives no han servit per millorar gaire les capacitats dels ciutadans, sobretot si tenim en compte que els països que ens envolten milloren més que nosaltres. Alguns polítics ens diuen, molt contents, que ara l'educació arriba a tothom, que bé. A més d'anar a l'escola, entenen el que llegeixen? Aquest sembla que és el problema

Israel és un bon exemple de l'economia del coneixement

Antoni Castellà, secretari d'Universitats i Recerca, deia que en aquests moments a Israel el 25% del PIB són noves empreses sorgides de l'àmbit científic i que cal fer una aliança amb Israel per seguir el seu camí i veure com podem aprendre d'ells per fer el mateix salt tecnològic en els propers anys