黑眉锦蛇的有丝分裂染色体和减数分裂联会复合体的观察

黑眉锦蛇的二倍体染色体数目为2n=36, 核型组成为16(8m+6sm+2t)大染色体 +20微小染色体 。C带显现于几乎所有染色体的着丝粒区, 有一对插入型C带位 于第6对端着丝粒染色体。黑 眉锦蛇减数分裂精母细胞联会复合体(SC)的结构与 其他动物的SC相似, 是由两股平行的侧线组成, SC组型与有丝分裂染色体组型 有较好的一致性。图版2图2表1参16

白腹锦鸡、红腹锦鸡、中国雉鸡SC组型的比较研究

用微铺展-硝酸银染色技术制备三种鸡的SC标本, 电镜观察表明: 三种鸡的SC 组型非常相似, 即2n=82, ZZ/ZW型性别决定, 雄性为ZZ。三者SC组型上的差异主 要表现在相应SC长度上的不同。并对其亲缘关系及在鸟类进化中的可能地位进 行了讨论。在微铺展法制备的锦鸡精母 细胞SC标本中还发现了巨大中心粒, 这 在高等动物尚属首次。图版2图1表1参21

p53蛋白质C端的三维结构及生物功能区

利用p53 C端118个氨基酸的mRNA二级结构和Chou-Fasman蛋白质二级结构预测原则,预测p53蛋白质C端289-325为卷曲肽段,368-393段包括两段螺旋结构:#alpha#_(1)368-373、#alpha#_(2)381-388。其中三段已知的蛋白质二级结构与此mRNA二级结构单元间有准确的对应关系。与四种以多重序列联配为基础的蛋白质二级结构预测方法(准确率均为73.20%左右)相对照,预测结果基本一致。结合单体聚合区31个氨基酸晶体结构,在SGI INDIGO~(2)工作站上构建了p53 C端108个残基的三维结构。进一步揭示了p53 C端诸多生物功能区之间的空间构象关系。

Growth and energy budget of F-2 'all-fish' growth hormone gene transgenic common carp

The growth and energy budget for F-2 'all-fish' growth hormone gene transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio of two body sizes were investigated at 29.2 degrees C for 21 days. Specific growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein, gross energy intake (I-E), and the proportion of I-E utilized for heat production (H-E) were significantly higher in the transgenics than in the controls. The proportion of I-E directed to waste products [faecal energy (F-E) and excretory energy loss (Z(E) + U-E) where Z(E) is through the gills and U-E through the kidney], and the proportion of metabolizable energy (M-E) for recovered energy (R-E) were significantly lower in the transgenics than in the controls. The average energy budget equation of transgenic fish was as follows: 100 I-E = 19.3 F-E + 6.0 (Z(E) + U-E) + 45.2 H-E + 29.5 R-E or 100 M-E = 60.5 H-E + 39.5 R-E. The average energy budget equation of the controls was: 100 I-E = 25.2 F-E + 7.4 (Z(E) + U-E) + 35.5 H-E + 31.9 R-E or 100 M-E = 52.7 H-E + 47.3 R-E. These findings indicate that the high growth rate of 'all-fish' transgenic common carp relative to their non-transgenic counterparts was due to their increased feed intake, reduced lose of waste productions and improved feed efficiency. The benefit of the increased energy intake by transgenic fish, however, was diminished by their increased metabolism.

Fabrication of ZnO and its enhancement of charge injection and transport in hybrid organic/inorganic light emitting devices

ZnO nanocrystals were synthesized by hydrolysis in methanol. X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectra confirm that good crystallized ZnO nanoparticles were formed. Utilizing those ZnO nanoparticles and poly [2- methoxy-5 - (3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)- 1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV), light emitting devices with indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-oxyethyleneoxy-thiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/ ZnO:MDMO-PPV/Al and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MDMO-PPV/Al structures were fabricated. Electrolummescence (EL) spectra reveal that EL yield of hybrid MDMO-PPV and ZnO nanocrystals devices increased greatly as compared with pristine MDMO-PPV devices. The current-voltage characteristics indicate that addition of ZnO nanocrystals can facilitate electrical injection and charge transport. The decreased energy barrier to electron injection is responsible for the increased efficiency of electron injection. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and photoluminescence of ZnS : Cu nanoparticles

The room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) of copper doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu) nanoparticles were investigated. These ZnS:Cu nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile wet chemical method, with the copper concentration varying from 0 to 2 mol%. By Gaussian fitting, the PL spectrum of the undoped ZnS nanoparticles was deconvoluted into two blue luminescence peaks (centered at 411 nm and 455 nm, respectively), which both can be attributed to the recombination of the defect sates of ZnS. But for the doped samples, a third peak at about 500 nm was also identified. This green luminescence originates from the recombination between the shallow donor level (sulfur vacancy) and the t(2) level of Cu2+. With the increase of the CU2+ concentration, the green emission peak is systematically shifted to longer wavelength. In addition, it was found that the overall photoluminescence intensity is decreased at the Cu2+ concentration of 2%. The concentration quenching of the luminescence may be caused by the formation of CuS compound. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Preparation and AFM characterization of self-ordered porous alumina films on semi-insulated gaas substrate

Self-ordered porous alumina films on a semi-insulated GaAs substrate were prepared in oxalic acid aqueous solutions by three-step anodization. The I-t curve of anodization process was recorded to observe time effects of anodization. Atomic force microscopy was used to investigate structure and morphology of alumina films. It was revealed that the case of oxalic acid resulted in a self-ordered porous structure, with the pore diameters of 60-70 nm, the pore density of the order of about 10(10) pore cm(-2), and interpore distances of 95-100nm. At the same time the pore size and shape change with the pore widening time. Field-enhanced dissolution model and theory of deformation relaxation combined were brought forward to be the cause of self-ordered pore structure according to I-t curve of anodization and structure characteristics of porous alumina films. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Preparation and AFM characterization of self-ordered porous alumina films on semi-insulated gaas substrate

Self-ordered porous alumina films on a semi-insulated GaAs substrate were prepared in oxalic acid aqueous solutions by three-step anodization. The I-t curve of anodization process was recorded to observe time effects of anodization. Atomic force microscopy was used to investigate structure and morphology of alumina films. It was revealed that the case of oxalic acid resulted in a self-ordered porous structure, with the pore diameters of 60-70 nm, the pore density of the order of about 10(10) pore cm(-2), and interpore distances of 95-100nm. At the same time the pore size and shape change with the pore widening time. Field-enhanced dissolution model and theory of deformation relaxation combined were brought forward to be the cause of self-ordered pore structure according to I-t curve of anodization and structure characteristics of porous alumina films. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

杉木人工林凋落物对土壤碳平衡的影响

土壤碳循环过程是目前全球碳源碳汇研究的核心，目前对土壤碳循环过程和机制的研究还十分缺乏。杉木人工林约占我国人工林面积的1/4，由于近几十年经营管理措施不当，土壤有机碳的下降已经成为不争的事实，极大地影响了杉木人工林生产力的可持续发展。本研究通过对杉木人工林土壤有机碳来源、分解和释放动态的区分量化，结合13C标记示踪试验，开展了杉木凋落物分解对土壤有机碳平衡影响的研究，为土壤碳平衡和转化机理及杉木人工林的可持续经营提供了可靠的理论依据。通过系统的研究，得出以下结论： ⑴估算了典型杉木人工林土壤碳的周转状况，研究发现典型杉木人工林土壤碳更新较慢。土壤碳年输入量、形成量、转化量、输出量和贮存量分别为2.79 t hm-2、1.58 t hm-2、2.04 t hm-2、4.57 t hm-2、113.21 t hm-2。其中在土壤碳年排放量中矿质土层呼吸、根呼吸、凋落物层呼吸碳分别占土壤碳总排放量的50.6%、26.0%、23.1%。 ⑵计算了凋落物分解对土壤碳平衡的贡献。不同器官凋落物在土壤中的矿化释放碳量和进入土壤碳库量均随着凋落物易分解性的增大而增大，并且各器官凋落物分解以CO2-C释放最多，以微生物量碳存在的量次之，以可溶性碳存在的量最少。年均温16.5 ℃条件下培养100天，分别来自于叶、枝、细根、粗根有机碳的13.81%、9.26%、5.74%、4.62%被矿化释放，占总CO2-C释放量的比例分别为43.7%、37.2%、31.9%、29.0%。同时不同器官凋落物依次有3.05%、3.26%、2.24%、1.84%存在于土壤微生物碳库，占总微生物量碳的比例分别为12.9%、14.3%、10.5%、8.8%；不同器官凋落物依次有0.62%、0.62%、0.31%、0.24%存在于可溶性有机碳库，占总可溶性有机碳的比例分别为3.99%、4.10%、2.13%、1.73%。 ⑶不同器官凋落物进入土壤对土壤碳排放的激发效应不同，叶、枝、细根、粗根加入土壤产生了正激发效应，激发率依次为6.6%、7.0%、2.2%、2.8%。并且土壤风干－湿润过程影响了凋落物在土壤中的分解和转化过程。土壤风干－湿润使起始矿化底物库增大，培养初期凋落物分解速率上升，同时土壤原有机碳矿化速率降低，微生物对凋落物碳的利用以及凋落物对可溶性有机碳的贡献下降。 ⑷凋落物碳在不同轻组密度组分中的分布不同，但各器官凋落物间无明显差异，均为中等密度自由轻组最多，其次为最小密度自由轻组，最少为闭蓄轻组。室外培养224天，结果表明叶、枝、细根、粗根凋落物在各密度组分中的分配情况为：<1.0 g cm-3自由轻组中16.5~19.1%，1.0~1.8 g cm-3自由轻组中56.8~65.2%，闭蓄轻组中残留5.7~6.9%，其余的9.9～21.0%被矿化损失。研究还表明，凋落物粉碎添加方式能改变其在土壤组分中的分布比例，倾向于向较重的密度组分中分布而被保护起来利于有机碳的积累。

维生素 C 二步发酵中伴生菌的研究

在维生素 C 二步发酵中，第二步发酵为混菌发酵。氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌为产酸菌，巨大芽孢杆菌为伴生菌。巨大芽孢杆菌和氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌纯化培养的生物学特性不同于其在混菌培养中的生物学特性。种子液的组成和生物量影响 2－酮基－L－古龙酸的合成。在发酵过程中，采采取适宜的调控措施有利于产酸。Na~+和 H~+可诱导对数生长期的巨大芽孢杆菌发生自溶，Na~+诱导的自溶作用可被 Ca~++抑制。200mM Na~+ 可抑制 2－酮基－L－古龙酸的合成。H~+可抑制稳定期的巨大芽孢杆菌衰亡。本文建立了简便易行的巨大芽孢杆菌的筛选模型，并获得两株耐低 pH 和 2－酮基－L－古龙酸的突变株 Bn 和 B5，与氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌混合培养，发酵转化率可分别提高 4.1%和 3.8%。Bn和 B5 生长的最适 pH 值为 6.0～8.0，可促进氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌的生长，表现为延迟期缩短，稳定期延长。苏云金芽孢杆菌 B529 作为伴生菌与氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌组成的新混合菌系，具有抗污染、稳定高产的特性。B529 和巨大芽孢杆菌释放的分子量在 30～50kDa 和 >100kDa 的组份均可促进氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌产酸，其中 30～50kDa 的组份是促进产酸的关键物质。二菌所释放的活性物质经 Sephadex G-150 柱层析呈现不同的洗脱图谱，说明二菌释放的活性物质成分可能不同。B529 的培养上清液可增强氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌的细胞酶活力和 L－山梨糖胶氢酶的活性。新混全菌系的最适发酵条件被确定，在4M~3 发酵罐中连续被批发酵，平均糖酸转化率提高了 6.4%，发酵周期缩短 7.3h。

维生素C二步发酵新组合菌G.529及其应用

本文筛选一株苏芸金杆菌与氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌组成的新组合菌G. B529，并对其生物学性质进行研究，结果表明：新组合菌的摇瓶发酵转化率较原菌系提高4.83个百分点，发酵速度快，且具有耐受高浓度（10%）山梨糖的特性。为使G. B529的潜能得到最大程度的发挥，对其影响因素进行研究。首先应用均匀设计方法确立了G. B529的发酵培养基优化配比，在所实验的范围内，发酵转化率与玉米浆浓度成正相关性，尿素浓度 1．45%佩W/V)时，转化率达最大。其次种液各参数对发酵影响实验确立了判断种子质量高低的方法。结果显示种液中的大菌OD值一1.6 X小菌OD值可以作为种液的质量指数。最后对种子质量的影响实验显示适当提高玉米浆、葡萄糖等成分的浓度与降低尿素的浓度及调高pH值均有利于种液质量的改善。同时低接种量、大通气量和选择种龄为14小时均有助于种液质量指数的提高。 新组合菌系在选定的条件下枷3罐中4批发酵显示出很强的发酵能力，平均醇酸转化率较对照提高8.16个百分点，周期缩短10.6小时。其在300M3罐中生产试用行，连续26批次的平均醇酸转化率达87.40%,较生产用菌提高3.32个百分点。平均周期也缩短1．3小时。

离子注入选育维生素C高产菌

维生素C二步发酵混菌生产中，第一步由单菌发酵将D-山梨醇转化为L-山梨糖，第二步由产酸菌氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌与伴生菌巨大牙孢杆菌混菌发酵将L-山梨糖转化为2-酮基-L-古龙酸（维生素C的前体物）.利用离子注入技术，采用N<'+>离子束为诱变源，诱变维生素C二步混菌发酵中的产酸菌氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌.通过建立的维生素C高产菌筛选方法，以2-酮基-L古龙酸为筛选标记，获得一株维生素C高产菌株D14，其与生产用伴生菌巨大牙孢杆菌组成维生素C新混合菌系ND14，平均醇酸转化率比生产用混菌提高3.3个百分点.维生素C高产菌株D14及维生素C新混合菌系ND14生长特性及发酵特性为：维生素C高产菌株D14生长能力明显增强;维生素C新混合菌系D14于种子培养基中稳定期延长8-12小时，总生物量增加;在发酵过程中ND14生长明显快于CK，菌体总生物量增加.利用均匀设计的方法对新混合菌系ND14发酵培养基进行了优化，其结果为：最适玉米浆浓度为1.6%、最适尿素浓度为1.6%、最适MgSO<,4>浓度为0.03%、最适KH<,2>PO<,4>浓度为0.06%.

维生素C二步混菌发酵中L-山梨糖脱氢酶的研究

以氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌混合培养物的无细胞抽提液建立了Vc二步发酵离体实验系统.反应体系中加入山梨糖在pH7.0,35℃下保温24h，2-酮基-L-古龙酸（2KGA）生成.巨大芽孢杆菌胞外活性物质对离体系统的产酸没有影响，一定量的L-山梨糖脱氢酶可促进产酸.从氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌细胞质中分离纯化出L-山梨糖脱氢酶.L-山梨糖脱氢酶酶活与2KGA的形成呈正相关：L-山梨糖的转化是在细胞内进行的;亲缘关系相差甚远的伴生菌均能促进小菌产酸，且“伴生”效率相近;伴生菌通过促进产酸菌生长和提高其L-山梨糖脱氢酶比活力而提高发酵系统中L-山梨糖脱氢酶总活力，并且通过促进产酸菌合成新的RNA而增强其代谢力，从而促进产酸;通过对不同发酵时间L-山梨糖脱氢酶酶活及2KGA累积量的比较表明，此酶可作为生产上2KGA生成的实时监控的指示酶;环境因子通过提高酶活力促进产酸.

维生素C二步混菌发酵中伴生菌作用机制的研究

该文对维生素C“二步发酵法”第二步混合发酵中伴生菌对产酸菌——氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌作用机制进行了研究.除巨大芽孢杆菌外，还选用另外几种芽孢杆菌及酵母菌作为产酸菌的伴生菌.各伴生菌及其胞外液对产酸菌生长和2-酮基-L-古龙酸合成能力均有刺激作用，表明产酸菌的伴生菌具有广谱性.利用膜超滤浓缩、柱层析及电泳等技术，从伴生菌B2980胞外液中分离纯化出达电泳均一纯的高纯度活性蛋白质样品，并对其部分基本特性进行分析.结果表明：该活性物质是分子量为36300道尔顿，等电点为4.75的酸性蛋白质，并且是由一个亚基构成的单体蛋白.活性蛋白质的结晶呈规则的菱形形状，其水溶液显著提高产酸菌中SDH酶活性.试验中依伴生菌胞外液对产酸菌中SDH酶活性的作用，建立了该研究中目标活性物质的快速检测方法.