Reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR data in gastric tissues and cell lines

AIM: To evaluate the suitability of reference genes in gastric tissue samples and cell lines.METHODS: the suitability of genes ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, RPL29, and 18S rRNA was assessed in 21 matched pairs of neoplastic and adjacent nonneoplastic gastric tissues from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, 27 normal gastric tissues from patients without cancer, and 4 cell lines using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). the ranking of the best single and combination of reference genes was determined by NormFinder, geNorm (TM), BestKeeper, and DataAssist (TM). in addition, GenEx software was used to determine the optimal number of reference genes. To validate the results, the mRNA expression of a target gene, DNMT1, was quantified using the different reference gene combinations suggested by the various software packages for normalization.RESULTS: ACTB was the best reference gene for all gastric tissues, cell lines and all gastric tissues plus cell lines. GAPDH + B2M or ACTB + B2M was the best combination of reference genes for all the gastric tissues. On the other hand, ACTB + B2M was the best combination for all the cell lines tested and was also the best combination for analyses involving all the gastric tissues plus cell lines. According to the GenEx software, 2 or 3 genes were the optimal number of references genes for all the gastric tissues. the relative quantification of DNMT1 showed similar patterns when normalized by each combination of reference genes. the level of expression of DNMT1 in neoplastic, adjacent non-neoplastic and normal gastric tissues did not differ when these samples were normalized using GAPDH + B2M (P = 0.32), ACTB + B2M (P = 0.61), or GAPDH + B2M + ACTB (P = 0.44).CONCLUSION: GAPDH + B2M or ACTB + B2M is the best combination of reference gene for all the gastric tissues, and ACTB + B2M is the best combination for the cell lines tested. (C) 2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.

Low-level laser therapy and light-emitting diode effects in the secretion of neuropeptides SP and CGRP in rat skin

The phototherapy effects in the skin are related to biomodulation, usually to accelerate wound healing. However, there is no direct proof of the interrelation between the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and light-emitting diode (LED) in neuropeptide secretion, these substances being prematurely involved in the neurogenic inflammation phase of wound healing. This study therefore focused on investigating LLLT and LED in Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) secretion in healthy rat skin. Forty rats were randomly distributed into five groups with eight rats each: Control Group, Blue LED Group (470 nm, 350 mW power), Red LED Group (660 nm, 350 mW power), Red Laser Group (660 nm, 100 mW power), and Infrared Laser Group (808 nm, 100 mW power) (DMCA (R) Equipamentos Ltda., So Carlos, So Paulo, Brazil). the skin of the animals in the experimental groups was irradiated using the punctual contact technique, with a total energy of 40 J, single dose, standardized at one point in the dorsal region. After 14 min of irradiation, the skin samples were collected for CGRP and SP quantification using western blot analysis. SP was released in Infrared Laser Group (p = 0.01); there was no difference in the CGRP secretion among groups. Infrared (808 nm) LLLT enhances neuropeptide SP secretion in healthy rat skin.

Soft-computing techniques applied to artificial tissue temperature estimation

Tese dout., Engenharia electrónica e computação - Processamento de sinal, Universidade do Algarve, 2008

Indícios de sobredotação e criatividade na criança : perceções de educadores do pré-escolar no Brasil e em Portugal

Tese de doutoramento, Educação (Psicologia da Educação), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2015

Rethinking the capsid proteins of enveloped viruses: multifunctionality from genome packaging to genome transfection

© 2015 FEBS

Influência da espessura do substrato dental sobre a eficácia clareadora e citotoxicidade de diferentes protocolos de clareamento

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

As cidades médias e suas múltiplas particularidades: produção e consumo do espaço urbano em Marília - SP e Mossoró - RN

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A Batalha de Adelaide Cabete em A Batalha - higienismo no feminino

A partir do suplemento semanal ‘literário e ilustrado’ do jornal A Batalha (1919-1927), foram seleccionados os textos que Adelaide Cabete 1 , Presidente do CNMP (Conselho Nacional das Mulheres Portuguesas), fez sair a partir 3 de Dezembro de 1923, naquele que chegou a ser o segundo periódico de maior tiragem no nosso país, assinando, Adelaide Cabette médica. As batalhas que travou na vida foram muitas, assim como profícua foi a sua intervenção e empenhada a sua luta. Contudo, em que medida os textos que insere neste suplemento testemunham o pioneirismo por que foi (e é) motivo de orgulho para tantas mulheres? Da sua leitura decorre uma necessária reflexão em torno de variados conceitos, de entre eles o de higienismo. Que ideias quis partilhar sobre a saúde e educação para o universo feminino? O seu apego à protecção das mulheres grávidas pobres, anunciado desde cedo (1900) não deixa de se manter constante. Detalhes de uma vida a revisitar!

Maria Lamas ( 1893-1983). Uma participante na história da mentalidade feminina

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Estudos Portugueses, Cultura Portuguesa do século XX

International Expectations: ICW - Prelúdio para o CNM

Neste artigo são abordadas as primeiras diligências internacionais para se formar o CNMP, Conselho Nacional das Mulheres Portuguesas. Procurámos identificar as figuras que estiveram envolvidas nesses contactos iniciais, delineando o relacionamento com a Rainha Sr.ª D. Amélia por parte de quem esteve envolvido. Tempo será ainda de apurar as razões do insucesso. Este estudo assinala uma antecipação em cerca de 10 anos no historial do CNMP, relevante pelas pessoas envolvidas, pelas relações com o feminismo internacional, com particular impacto pois sinaliza o sentido em que o mesmo ocorreu. A iniciativa partiu do ICW «International Council of Women» para Portugal, como acontecera antes estando na génese de outros Conselhos congé

Ligas de Bondade

As «Ligas de Bondade» foram criadas no nosso país, em 1917, visando promover o “progresso moral e político da raça portuguesa”1. Pretendiam educar nos princípios do bem as crianças dos 5 aos 12 anos, no quadro da escola primária. Era composta por alunos da mesma escola, de ambos os sexos, e respectivos docentes. Nesta altura, 1923, tinham já feito o seu percurso, e sido reconhecidos os seus méritos inúmeras «Ligas» constituídas no estrangeiro, na América, na Grã-Bretanha, e outros, onde se foram inspirar as Ligas de Bondade nacionais. Divulgando-as, a publicação feminista Alma Feminina dá conta da sua implantação internacional, afirmando: “As Ligas de Bondade fundadas em 1911 e sancionadas pelo seu valor moral no Congresso Internacional da Haya, em 1912, estão hoje estabelecidas em França, Suíça, Bélgica, Espanha e muitas outras nações, dando o melhor resultado.”2 Tendo por objectivo fundamental fortalecer a educação moral da criança, promoveriam a prática do bem em todas as suas formas, formando o bom patriota e o bom cidadão

Tratándose de expresiones idiomáticas, ­no te rompas la cabeza ni busques cinco pies al gato!

Resumen tomado de la publicación

DECLARAÇÃO DE CARACAS

Dentro da reflexão sobre a missão do Museu no mundo contemporâneo propiciada pela UNESCO, pelo Escritório Regional de Cultura para América Latina e Caribe (ORCALC), e pelo Comité venezuelano do Conselho Internacional de Museu (ICOM), com o apoio do Conselho Nacional da Cultura (CONAC) e da Fundação do Museu de Belas Artes da Venezuela, realizou-se o Seminário "A Missão dos Museus na América Latina Hoje: Novos Desafios", celebrado em Caracas, Venezuela, entre os dias 16 de janeiro e 06 de fevereiro de 1992.

Ex Vivo Accuracy of an Apex Locator Using Digital Signal Processing in Primary Teeth

The purpose of this study was to evaluate ex vivo the accuracy an electronic apex locator during root canal length determination in primary molars. Methods: One calibrated examiner determined the root canal length in 15 primary molars (total=34 root canals) with different stages of root resorption. Root canal length was measured both visually, with the placement of a K-file 1 mm short of the apical foramen or the apical resorption bevel, and electronically using an electronic apex locator (Digital Signal Processing). Data were analyzed statistically using the intraclass correlation (ICC) test. Results: Comparing the actual and electronic root canal length measurements in the primary teeth showed a high correlation (ICC=0.95) Conclusions: The Digital Signal Processing apex locator is useful and accurate for apex foramen location during root canal length measurement in primary molars. (Pediatr Dent 200937:320-2) Received April 75, 2008 vertical bar Lost Revision August 21, 2008 vertical bar Revision Accepted August 22, 2008

Efficacy of Microwaves and Chlorhexidine on the Disinfection of Pacifiers and Toothbrushes: An In Vitro Study

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the contamination of toothbrushes and pacifiers by Streptococcus mutans, and the efficacy of microwave and chlorhexidine for their disinfection. Methods: Sixty pacifiers and 60 toothbrushes were contaminated with S mutans and then divided into groups according to the disinfection protocol: Group 1-chlorhexidine solution; Group 2-microwave sterilization; and Group 3-sterile tap water. The devices were evaluated microbiologically as to the formation of S mutans colonies/biofilms and were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results were submitted for statistical analysis by Friedman`s test at a 5% significance level. Results: The results of both types of evaluation showed a large number of S mutans colonies/biofilms after spraying with sterile tap water, and chlorhexidine spraying and microwaving were effective in eliminate colonies/biofilms. Groups 1 and 2 were statistically similar to each other (P>.05) and differed significantly from Group 3 (P<.05). Conclusions: The 0.12% chlorhexidine solution spray and 7 minutes of microwave irradiation were effective for disinfection of pacifiers and toothbrushes. (Pediatr Dent 2011;33:10-3) Received July 29, 2009 I Last Revision January 26, 2010 I Accepted March 10, 2010