Working memory in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) : assessment and intervention

L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’examiner et d’intervenir auprès des déficits de la mémoire de travail (MdeT) à l’intérieur de deux populations cliniques : la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) et le trouble cognitif léger (TCL). La thèse se compose de trois articles empiriques. Le but de la première expérimentation était d’examiner les déficits de MdeT dans le vieillissement normal, le TCL et la MA à l’aide de deux versions de l’empan complexe : l’empan de phrases et l’empan arithmétique. De plus, l’effet de «l’oubli» (forgetting) a été mesuré en manipulant la longueur de l’intervalle de rétention. Les résultats aux tâches d’empan complexe indiquent que la MdeT est déficitaire chez les individus atteints de TCL et encore plus chez les gens ayant la MA. Les données recueillies supportent également le rôle de l’oubli à l’intérieur de la MdeT. L’augmentation de l’intervalle de rétention exacerbait le déficit dans la MA et permettait de prédire un pronostic négatif dans le TCL. L’objectif de la deuxième étude était d’examiner la faisabilité d’un programme d’entraînement cognitif à l’ordinateur pour la composante de contrôle attentionnel à l’intérieur de la MdeT. Cette étude a été réalisée auprès de personnes âgées saines et de personnes âgées avec TCL. Les données de cette expérimentation ont révélé des effets positifs de l’entraînement pour les deux groupes de personnes. Toutefois, l’absence d’un groupe contrôle a limité l’interprétation des résultats. Sur la base de ces données, la troisième expérimentation visait à implémenter une étude randomisée à double-insu avec groupe contrôle d’un entraînement du contrôle attentionnel chez des personnes TCL avec atteinte exécutive. Ce protocole impliquait un paradigme de double-tâche composé d’une tâche de détection visuelle et d’une tâche de jugement alpha-arithmétique. Alors que le groupe contrôle pratiquait simplement la double-tâche sur six périodes d’une heure chacune, le groupe expérimental recevait un entraînement de type priorité variable dans lequel les participants devaient gérer leur contrôle attentionnel en variant la proportion de ressources attentionnelles allouée à chaque tâche. Les résultats montrent un effet significatif de l’intervention sur une des deux tâches impliquées (précision à la tâche de détection visuelle) ainsi qu’une tendance au transfert à une autre tâche d’attention divisée, mais peu d’effets de généralisation à d’autres tâches d’attention. En résumé, les données originales rapportées dans la présente thèse démontrent un déficit de la MdeT dans les maladies neurodégénératives liées à l’âge, avec un gradient entre le TCL et la MA. Elles suggèrent également une préservation de la plasticité des capacités attentionnelles chez les personnes à risque de développer une démence.

Consequence modelling,vulnerability assessment and fuzzy fault tree analysis of hazardous storages in an industrial area

The hazards associated with major accident hazard (MAH) industries are fire, explosion and toxic gas releases. Of these, toxic gas release is the worst as it has the potential to cause extensive fatalities. Qualitative and quantitative hazard analyses are essential for the identitication and quantification of the hazards associated with chemical industries. This research work presents the results of a consequence analysis carried out to assess the damage potential of the hazardous material storages in an industrial area of central Kerala, India. A survey carried out in the major accident hazard (MAH) units in the industrial belt revealed that the major hazardous chemicals stored by the various industrial units are ammonia, chlorine, benzene, naphtha, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone and LPG. The damage potential of the above chemicals is assessed using consequence modelling. Modelling of pool fires for naphtha, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, benzene and ammonia are carried out using TNO model. Vapor cloud explosion (VCE) modelling of LPG, cyclohexane and benzene are carried out using TNT equivalent model. Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) modelling of LPG is also carried out. Dispersion modelling of toxic chemicals like chlorine, ammonia and benzene is carried out using the ALOHA air quality model. Threat zones for different hazardous storages are estimated based on the consequence modelling. The distance covered by the threat zone was found to be maximum for chlorine release from a chlor-alkali industry located in the area. The results of consequence modelling are useful for the estimation of individual risk and societal risk in the above industrial area.Vulnerability assessment is carried out using probit functions for toxic, thermal and pressure loads. Individual and societal risks are also estimated at different locations. Mapping of threat zones due to different incident outcome cases from different MAH industries is done with the help of Are GIS.Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is an established technique for hazard evaluation. This technique has the advantage of being both qualitative and quantitative, if the probabilities and frequencies of the basic events are known. However it is often difficult to estimate precisely the failure probability of the components due to insufficient data or vague characteristics of the basic event. It has been reported that availability of the failure probability data pertaining to local conditions is surprisingly limited in India. This thesis outlines the generation of failure probability values of the basic events that lead to the release of chlorine from the storage and filling facility of a major chlor-alkali industry located in the area using expert elicitation and proven fuzzy logic. Sensitivity analysis has been done to evaluate the percentage contribution of each basic event that could lead to chlorine release. Two dimensional fuzzy fault tree analysis (TDFFTA) has been proposed for balancing the hesitation factor invo1ved in expert elicitation .

Animal Biosafety Risk Assessment and Management Training Video

This training video is intended to familiarise researchers and technicians working in animal containment facilities with appropriate risk assessment and risk management systems. It is in Windows Media Video format which will require a free media player such as Windows Media Player or VLC Media Player (http://www.videolan.org/vlc/) to watch.

Assessment and Feedback for the CIP: learning technologies

This 11-minute video provides some guidance on the learning technologies available at Southampton that can be used to support assessment and feedback. It was produced using the Panopto lecture capture system. The first link is to the native Panopto podcast, which requires the Silverlight player to be installed. The second link is the MP4 video version of the podcast, which should play on all PCs, Macs and suitable mobile devices. This share also provides a link to the video's script.

Assessment and Feedback for the CIP: educational issues

This 11-minute video focuses on how self and peer assessment could be used as an integral part of CIP modules, and discusses some innovative methods for assessing written work. The first link is to the native Panopto podcast, which requires the Silverlight player to be installed. The second link is the MP4 video version of the podcast, which should play on all PCs, Macs and suitable mobile devices. This share also includes links to the papers discussed in the video - these are also provided at the end of the script.

Workshop 3 p6 Assessment and accountability

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Social skills of children with different disabilities: Assessment and implications for interventions

This study characterizes the differences and similarities in the repertoire of social skills of children from 12 different categories of special educational needs: autism, hearing impairment, mild intellectual disabilities, moderate intellectual disabilities, visual impairment, phonological disorder, learning disabilities, giftedness and talent, externalizing behavior problems, internalizing behavior problems, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Teachers of 120 students in regular and special schools, aged between 6 and 14 years old, from four Brazilian states, responded to the Social Skills Rating System. Children with ADHD, autism, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and externalizing behavior problems presented comparatively lower frequency of social skills. The intervention needs of each evaluated category are discussed.

The Roman Empire and medieval realms. Assessment and resources pack.

Cada capítulo en el libro alumno tiene su propio conjunto de actividades que pueden abordarse de distintas maneras: como trabajo individual; como base para las discusiones en clase. Además, cada capítulo en el libro del alumno cuenta con el apoyo de hojas de cálculo en la evaluación y el paquete de recursos. Estas hojas de trabajo se basan en las actividades del texto del alumno ampliando los trabajos sobre un tema en particular. Otras hojas, introducen nuevos temas en áreas no cubiertas, o se les da menos énfasis, por el libro del alumno, hay hojas de trabajo que siempre cubren los conceptos básicos de la Edad Media. Esta cobertura se hace por medio de : juego de roles, tarjetas con resolución de problemas, trabajo en grupo, trabajo de discusión, el uso de organizar gráficos, diagramas de anotación. Las respuestas a las preguntas han sido incluidas en el fin de ofrecer un estímulo en las actividades que también están diseñadas para llevar algo de diversión en el estudio de la historia.

Adecuación curricular del diagnóstico y la evaluación en matemáticas = Curricular validity of assessment and evaluation instruments in mathematics.

Resumen basado en el del autor

Assessment and learning : is it time to rethink student activities and academic roles?

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Assessment and detection of peer-bullying through analysis of the group context

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

The mean evolution and variability of the Asian summer monsoon: Comparison of ECMWF and NCEP-NCAR reanalyses

The behavior of the Asian summer monsoon is documented and compared using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) Reanalysis. In terms of seasonal mean climatologies the results suggest that, in several respects, the ERA is superior to the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis. The overall better simulation of the precipitation and hence the diabatic heating field over the monsoon domain in ERA means that the analyzed circulation is probably nearer reality. In terms of interannual variability, inconsistencies in the definition of weak and strong monsoon years based on typical monsoon indices such as All-India Rainfall (AIR) anomalies and the large-scale wind shear based dynamical monsoon index (DMI) still exist. Two dominant modes of interannual variability have been identified that together explain nearly 50% of the variance. Individually, they have many features in common with the composite flow patterns associated with weak and strong monsoons, when defined in terms of regional AIR anomalies and the large-scale DMI. The reanalyses also show a common dominant mode of intraseasonal variability that describes the latitudinal displacement of the tropical convergence zone from its oceanic-to-continental regime and essentially captures the low-frequency active/break cycles of the monsoon. The relationship between interannual and intraseasonal variability has been investigated by considering the probability density function (PDF) of the principal component of the dominant intraseasonal mode. Based on the DMI, there is an indication that in years with a weaker monsoon circulation, the PDF is skewed toward negative values (i,e., break conditions). Similarly, the PDFs for El Nino and La Nina years suggest that El Nino predisposes the system to more break spells, although the sample size may limit the statistical significance of the results.

Climate change and heat-related mortality in six cities Part 2: climate model evaluation and projected impacts from changes in the mean and variability of temperature with climate change

Previous assessments of the impacts of climate change on heat-related mortality use the "delta method" to create temperature projection time series that are applied to temperature-mortality models to estimate future mortality impacts. The delta method means that climate model bias in the modelled present does not influence the temperature projection time series and impacts. However, the delta method assumes that climate change will result only in a change in the mean temperature but there is evidence that there will also be changes in the variability of temperature with climate change. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of considering changes in temperature variability with climate change in impacts assessments of future heat-related mortality. We investigate future heatrelated mortality impacts in six cities (Boston, Budapest, Dallas, Lisbon, London and Sydney) by applying temperature projections from the UK Meteorological Office HadCM3 climate model to the temperature-mortality models constructed and validated in Part 1. We investigate the impacts for four cases based on various combinations of mean and variability changes in temperature with climate change. The results demonstrate that higher mortality is attributed to increases in the mean and variability of temperature with climate change rather than with the change in mean temperature alone. This has implications for interpreting existing impacts estimates that have used the delta method. We present a novel method for the creation of temperature projection time series that includes changes in the mean and variability of temperature with climate change and is not influenced by climate model bias in the modelled present. The method should be useful for future impacts assessments. Few studies consider the implications that the limitations of the climate model may have on the heatrelated mortality impacts. Here, we demonstrate the importance of considering this by conducting an evaluation of the daily and extreme temperatures from HadCM3, which demonstrates that the estimates of future heat-related mortality for Dallas and Lisbon may be overestimated due to positive climate model bias. Likewise, estimates for Boston and London may be underestimated due to negative climate model bias. Finally, we briefly consider uncertainties in the impacts associated with greenhouse gas emissions and acclimatisation. The uncertainties in the mortality impacts due to different emissions scenarios of greenhouse gases in the future varied considerably by location. Allowing for acclimatisation to an extra 2°C in mean temperatures reduced future heat-related mortality by approximately half that of no acclimatisation in each city.