894 resultados para work-related assessment


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OBJECTIVE Evaluate and correlate individual, work-related and organizational factors that influence adherence to standard precautions among nursing professionals of psychiatric hospitals in São Paulo. METHOD An exploratory cross-sectional study conducted with 35 nursing professionals, using the assessment tool for adherence to standard precautions through the Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 5. RESULTS Knowledge of the precautions received a high score (4.69); adherence received (3.86) and obstacles (3.78), while intermediaries and the scales of organizational factors received low scores (2.61). There was a strong correlation between the magnitude adherence scale and the personal protective equipment availability (r = 0.643; p = 0.000). The training scale for prevention of HIV exposure (p = 0.007) was statistically different between the nurses and nursing assistants. CONCLUSION The organizational factors negatively contributed to adherence to standard precautions, indicating that psychiatric institutions lack safe working conditions, ongoing training and management actions to control infections.

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In this study, we assessed the mixed exposure of highway maintenance workers to airborne particles, noise, and gaseous co-pollutants. The aim was to provide a better understanding of the workers' exposure to facilitate the evaluation of short-term effects on cardiovascular health endpoints. To quantify the workers' exposure, we monitored 18 subjects during 50 non-consecutive work shifts. Exposure assessment was based on personal and work site measurements and included fine particulate matter (PM2.5), particle number concentration (PNC), noise (Leq), and the gaseous co-pollutants: carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. Mean work shift PM2.5 concentrations (gravimetric measurements) ranged from 20.3 to 321 μg m(-3) (mean 62 μg m(-3)) and PNC were between 1.6×10(4) and 4.1×10(5) particles cm(-3) (8.9×10(4) particles cm(-3)). Noise levels were generally high with Leq over work shifts from 73.3 to 96.0 dB(A); the averaged Leq over all work shifts was 87.2 dB(A). The highest exposure to fine and ultrafine particles was measured during grass mowing and lumbering when motorized brush cutters and chain saws were used. Highest noise levels, caused by pneumatic hammers, were measured during paving and guardrail repair. We found moderate Spearman correlations between PNC and PM2.5 (r = 0.56); PNC, PM2.5, and CO (r = 0.60 and r = 0.50) as well as PNC and noise (r = 0.50). Variability and correlation of parameters were influenced by work activities that included equipment causing combined air pollutant and noise emissions (e.g. brush cutters and chain saws). We conclude that highway maintenance workers are frequently exposed to elevated airborne particle and noise levels compared with the average population. This elevated exposure is a consequence of the permanent proximity to highway traffic with additional peak exposures caused by emissions of the work-related equipment.

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Perceiving injustice is a key antecedent of a large range of undesirable employee attitudes and behaviors at work. For example, research has shown that employees who perceive their workplace as unfair are less satisfied, less committed and engage in more counterproductive behaviors. In this study, we suggest that justice motives like the belief in a just world (BJW) contribute to explaining relations between justice perceptions and undesirable behaviors. Specifically, we propose that individual differences in BJW (i.e, the belief that the world is just, where everyone is rewarded for his or her behavior) are related to work-related behaviors and attitudes by coloring perceptions of workplace fairness. We investigated our hypotheses in a survey study with 176 employees of various organizations (36% women; mean tenure 12.3 yeares). Results showed that after controlling for other influencing factors (e.g., neuroticism) BJW was negatively related to self-reported work deviant behaviors and to cynical, disillusioned attitudes toward the current job. Moreover, BJW was positively related to overall job satisfaction. Consistent with our expectations, relations of BJW with deviant behaviors and with attitudes were mediated by perceptions of interactional and procedural justice. These results suggest extending models of justice and deviance by including motives such as BJW.

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Work-related flow is defined as a sudden and enjoyable merging of action and awareness that represents a peak experience in the daily lives of workers. Employees" perceptions of challenge and skill and their subjective experiences in terms of enjoyment, interest and absorption were measured using the experience sampling method, yielding a total of 6981 observations from a sample of 60 employees. Linear and nonlinear approaches were applied in order to model both continuous and sudden changes. According to the R2, AICc and BIC indexes, the nonlinear dynamical systems model (i.e. cusp catastrophe model) fit the data better than the linear and logistic regression models. Likewise, the cusp catastrophe model appears to be especially powerful for modelling those cases of high levels of flow. Overall, flow represents a nonequilibrium condition that combines continuous and abrupt changes across time. Research and intervention efforts concerned with this process should focus on the variable of challenge, which, according to our study, appears to play a key role in the abrupt changes observed in work-related flow.

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Gender inequalities exist in work life, but little is known about their presence in relation to factors examined in occupation health settings. The aim of this study was to identify and summarize the working and employment conditions described as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health in studies related to occupational health published between 1999 and 2010. A systematic literature review was undertaken of studies available in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sociological Abstracts, LILACS, EconLit and CINAHL between 1999 and 2010. Epidemiologic studies were selected by applying a set of inclusion criteria to the title, abstract, and complete text. The quality of the studies was also assessed. Selected studies were qualitatively analysed, resulting in a compilation of all differences between women and men in the prevalence of exposure to working and employment conditions and work-related health problems as outcomes. Most of the 30 studies included were conducted in Europe (n=19) and had a cross-sectional design (n=24). The most common topic analysed was related to the exposure to work-related psychosocial hazards (n=8). Employed women had more job insecurity, lower control, worse contractual working conditions and poorer self-perceived physical and mental health than men did. Conversely, employed men had a higher degree of physically demanding work, lower support, higher levels of effort-reward imbalance, higher job status, were more exposed to noise and worked longer hours than women did. This systematic review has identified a set of working and employment conditions as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health from the occupational health literature. These results may be useful to policy makers seeking to reduce gender inequalities in occupational health, and to researchers wishing to analyse these determinants in greater depth.

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The study evaluates the quality of abdominal surgical nursing care. The data were collected from patients (n=1208) having undergone abdominal surgical operations on their last day of hospitalization and nurses (n=218) working in the same wards. Three instruments originally created in Finland and adapted to the Lithuanian context were used: (1) Good Nursing Care Scale for patients and nurses (GNCS-P, GNCS-N), (2) Nurse Competence Scale (NCS), and (3) Nurse Empowerment Scale (NES). Patient and nurses’ perceptions of the quality of nursing care were evaluated. In addition, nurses’ perceptions of their competence and empowerment were evaluated. The patient and nurses' perceptions of the quality of abdominal surgical nursing care were positive, with more criticism in the nurses’ perceptions. Both patients and nurses gave the lowest evaluation to the quality in the progress of nursing care and the co-operation with significant others. The nurses gave the highest evaluation to the self-assessed level of their competence and the frequency of using competences in practice, with the highest assessment given to situation management and their role at work and the lowest to teaching-coaching and ensuring quality. The nurse perceptions of their empowerment were positive in the qualities and performance of an empowered nurse and empowerment promoting factors, with the highest evaluation in moral principles and sociability and the lowest evaluation in the future-orientedness and expertise. The empowerment-impeding factors were evaluated as negative. The perceptions of the quality of nursing care of both patients and nurses had significant correlations with patient and nurse satisfaction and nurse job independence. The nurse perceptions of their competence and empowerment correlated with their education, the type of the nurse license, completed courses of development of their knowledge and skills, nurse job independence, and nurse satisfaction. The nurse perceptions of the quality of nursing care had a positive correlation with their perceptions of competence and empowerment. Generally, the quality of nursing care was evaluated as high and had correlations with the patients' demographic and satisfaction factors and with the nurse demographic, work-related, and satisfaction factors. The study produced the knowledge that the quality in co-operation with significant others and the progress of nursing process, surgical nurse competence in teaching-coaching, and future-orientedness of surgical nurse empowerment need to be improved in order to develop the quality of abdominal surgical nursing care. The knowledge may be used to offer better services for abdominal surgical patients and increase their satisfaction with nursing care, as well as to increase nurses' satisfaction with work and independence at work. The study suggests implications for clinical practice and management, nursing education, and nursing research.

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Introduction : L’asthme professionnel (AP) est diagnostiqué au Québec avec le test de provocation bronchique spécifique (TPS). Le TPS consiste à exposer le patient à un agent causal suspecté en vue de provoquer une réaction asthmatique. Un TPS négatif est possible quand un agent causal a été omis de l’histoire professionnelle du patient. L’évaluation des expositions professionnelles par une expertise en hygiène en santé du travail est considérée comme une méthode précise, lorsque des données de mesure ne sont pas disponibles. Cependant, l'apport de cette méthode dans le diagnostic de l’AP n'a jamais été examiné dans un contexte clinique. Objectifs : Déterminer l'apport de l'évaluation des expositions professionnelles par une expertise en hygiène du travail dans l'investigation de l'AP. Comparer les expositions professionnelles détectées par un clinicien et par un hygiéniste chez 1) des sujets avec de l’AP prouvé par des TPS positifs, 2) chez des sujets avec des TPS négatifs. Méthodes : Une analyse des expositions potentielles par le clinicien a précédé la réalisation du TPS. Une évaluation des expositions professionnelles a été réalisée par un hygiéniste. L’hygiéniste n’avait pas connaissance du diagnostic du patient. Résultats : 120 sujets (TPS positifs : 67 négatifs :53) ont été enrôlés dans l’étude. L’hygiéniste a identifié l’agent causal dans la très grande majorité des TPS positifs. Dans 33 TPS négatifs, l’hygiéniste a détecté des agents sensibilisants non identifiés par le médecin. Conclusion : L’évaluation des expositions professionnelles par une expertise en hygiène du travail est une méthode pouvant compléter l'évaluation clinique pour la détection d’agents sensibilisants associés à l’AP. L’inclusion de cette approche dans l’évaluation clinique de l’AP aurait comme effet de réduire la survenance d’un diagnostic erroné.

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Measurement is the act or the result of a quantitative comparison between a given quantity and a quantity of the same kind chosen as a unit. It is generally agreed that all measurements contain errors. In a measuring system where both a measuring instrument and a human being taking the measurement using a preset process, the measurement error could be due to the instrument, the process or the human being involved. The first part of the study is devoted to understanding the human errors in measurement. For that, selected person related and selected work related factors that could affect measurement errors have been identified. Though these are well known, the exact extent of the error and the extent of effect of different factors on human errors in measurement are less reported. Characterization of human errors in measurement is done by conducting an experimental study using different subjects, where the factors were changed one at a time and the measurements made by them recorded. From the pre‐experiment survey research studies, it is observed that the respondents could not give the correct answers to questions related to the correct values [extent] of human related measurement errors. This confirmed the fears expressed regarding lack of knowledge about the extent of human related measurement errors among professionals associated with quality. But in postexperiment phase of survey study, it is observed that the answers regarding the extent of human related measurement errors has improved significantly since the answer choices were provided based on the experimental study. It is hoped that this work will help users of measurement in practice to better understand and manage the phenomena of human related errors in measurement.

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El trabajo es una de las actividades sobre las que se organizan las sociedades y por ello en los Estados modernos se incluye entre las responsabilidades de los poderes públicos el velar por la salud, seguridad e higiene en el trabajo. El reconocimiento del derecho de los trabajadores, en el ámbito laboral, a la protección de su salud y de su integridad, implica trabajar con seguridad y sin riesgos. En este estudio se describen los riesgos Psicosociales como: bienestar, satisfacción, y la calidad de vida laboral de los profesionales y trabajadores dentro de una organización y su relación con el clima organizacional, el cual hace relación al pensar, sentir y actuar de cada individuó para lograr un desempeño adecuado y eficiente dentro de la organización. Por lo tanto los factores de riesgo psicosocial y clima organizacional tienen una importancia significativa en la medida que permite conocer las condiciones al interior de las organizaciones que están afectando el ambiente laboral y como son percibidas por los trabajadores.

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Este artículo muestra un estudio descriptivo transversal a través del cuestionario Boston respecto de los síntomas sugestivos del Síndrome del Túnel del Carpo (STC) en trabajadores asistenciales y administrativos de una IPS con sede en Cundinamarca.

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Introducción. Trabajo de investigación realizado dentro del proyecto “EVALUACIÓN DE LA EXPOSICIÓN A POLVO DE CARBÓN EN MINERÍA SUBTERRÁNEA EN TRES DEPARTAMENTOS DE COLOMBIA” liderado por el grupo Salud Ocupacional y del Ambiente, con la participación de la Universidad del Rosario, la Universidad de los Andes, el Ministerio de Trabajo, la Administradora de Riesgos Laborales Positiva. Inmerso en este proyecto se determinará en el departamento de Boyacá la prevalencia de sintomatología músculo esquelética Objetivo. Determinar la sintomatología músculo esquelética en cuello, hombros y espalda lumbar, en trabajadores de minas de carbón subterráneas del departamento de Boyacá, mediante la aplicación del Cuestionario Nórdico Estandarizado específico y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y ocupacionales. Metodología. Estudio de corte transversal que se realizó en una población de minería subterránea del departamento mediante la aplicación del Cuestionario Nórdico Estandarizado específico. Resultados. La sintomatología en cuello, hombros y espalda reportada fue de 44,1%, 37,1% y 68,2% respectivamente por los trabajadores. La antigüedad laboral en promedio fue de 17,06 (DS 7,93), la media de edad fue 40,46 (DS 11,12 años). De los 170 trabajadores encuestados el 74,7% (127) se desempeñan como picadores, seguidos por cocheros 10,6% (18), malacatero 5,3% (9), el restante se desempeña en otras labores de minería. Conclusiones. Este estudio encontró un alta prevalencia de sintomatología músculo esquelética en los trabajadores de minería de carbón subterránea, lo que sugiere la necesidad de generar estudios ergonómicos y estrategias de prevención para evitar un aumento en la cifras de enfermedades profesionales como desordenes músculo esqueléticos.

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Introducción: Los desórdenes músculo-esqueléticos se pueden describir como una de las causas más frecuentes de patologías de origen laboral. Según estudios, el ausentismo laboral está asociado con enfermedades derivadas del sedentarismo, las enfermedades respiratorias, las afecciones osteomusculares y los traumatismos. Se pretende establecer la relación entre los síntomas musculo-esqueléticos y el ausentismo laboral en una IPS de Bogotá D.C. especializada en salud sexual y reproductiva, teniendo en cuenta el tipo de trabajo y hábitos en la práctica de actividad física del personal. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, para evaluar la presencia de síntomas músculo-esqueléticos en la IPS mencionada, que cuenta con 4 centros ubicados en Bogotá D.C. La evaluación de los síntomas musculo-esqueléticos se realizó por medio del “Cuestionario Nórdico” y la práctica de actividad física de los trabajadores se evaluó con la aplicación de preguntas extraídas de la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional (ENSIN). Mediante un muestreo por conveniencia se incluyó una muestra representativa de la población. Resultados: Se incluyeron143 trabajadores de la salud en la muestra. Los síntomas musculo-esqueléticos más frecuentes fueron: en el cuello (48.2%) seguido de columna lumbar (45.4%) y mano/muñeca derecha (41.2). El 95.1% de los trabajadores presentaron algún síntoma músculo-esquelético, algunos de ellos con afectación en más de 1 segmento.

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El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos del Cuestionario Anamnésico de Síntomas de Miembro Superior y Columna (CASMSC) desarrollado por la Unidad de Investigación de Ergonomía de Postura y Movimiento (EPM). Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo correlacional, mediante el análisis de datos secundarios de una base de datos con registros de trabajadores de la industria de alimentos (n=401) en el año 2013, a quienes se les había aplicado el CASMSC, así como una evaluación clínica fisioterapéutica enfocada en los mismos segmentos corporales; esta última utilizada como prueba de oro. Para analizar si existían diferencias estadísticas por edad, antigüedad y género se aplicó el análisis de varianza de una vía. La sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos del CASMSC se informan con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (95%). La prevalencia de umbral positivo para sospecha de Desorden Músculo Esquelético (DME) tanto de miembro superior como de columna se encontró muy por encima de la media nacional para el sector. La sensibilidad del CASMSC para miembro superior estuvo en el rango de un 80% a 94,57% y para columna cervical y lumbar fue de 36,4% y 43,4%, respectivamente. Para la región dorsal fue casi del doble de las otras dos regiones (85,7%). El CASMSC es recomendable en su apartado para miembro superior dado a su alto nivel de sensibilidad.

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Resumen: Los desórdenes músculo esqueléticos son entidades que generan un efecto en la salud relacionados con la calidad de vida, dado al impacto global en la condición física, el bienestar psicológico y funcional. Estas entidades generan un gran número de indemnizaciones y en algunas oportunidades según el grado de pérdida de capacidad laboral la invalidez. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación del grado de perdida de la capacidad laboral con la comorbilidad de los desórdenes músculo esqueléticos y otros factores asociados. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, basado en registros e historias clínicas. Los registros iniciales fueron 1427 casos, de los cuales 513 presentaban diagnóstico de DME y de estos 240 solicitaron la pérdida de capacidad laboral a la junta de invalidez regional Huila en el periodo comprendido del 2009 al 2012. Resultados: La distribución del grado de la pérdida de capacidad laboral generada de los DME por incapacidad permanente parcial fue del 73,3% y por invalidez el 26,7%. Se encontró una asociación significativa con respecto a la edad (p=0,002), donde el rango de 50-65 años presento mayor pérdida de capacidad laboral; con el género (p=0,047), siendo el femenino más prevalente la invalidez (34,7%) que en el masculino (23,2%) y la comorbilidad (p=0,019), donde los desórdenes músculo esqueléticos y los trastornos depresivos generaron mayor pérdida de capacidad laboral. No se encontró asociación significativa con la escolaridad (p=0,167), oficio (p=0,442) y actividad económica (p=0,118). En el análisis multivariado se encontró asociación significativa con el origen común (OR=4.028, IC 95%: 2.010, 8.072), el sexo femenino (OR=2.565, IC 95%: 1.140, 5.771), y el nivel de escolaridad técnico (OR=12.208, IC 95%: 1.372, 108.634). Conclusiones: La comorbilidad generó mayor pérdida de capacidad laboral, aunque los factores que en conjunto mostraron asociación fueron la edad avanzada, el género femenino, el origen común y el menor nivel educativo.