Progresividad del impuesto de renta en las pyme en el marco del estado social de derecho colombiano

La constitución política en su artículo primero ha establecido el modelo político en el cual se enmarca el Estado Colombiano, precepto que por su prevalencia normativa, se convierte en fundamento de todo actuar y que se expresa así: Colombia es un Estado social de derecho, organizado en forma de República unitaria, descentralizada, con autonomía de sus entidades territoriales, democrática, participativa y pluralista, fundada en el respeto de la dignidad humana, en el trabajo y la solidaridad de las personas que la integran y en la prevalencia del interés general. La introducción de este nuevo modelo político implica un cambio radical en la forma de concebir el Estado, ante la pérdida sacramental del texto legal entendido como emanación de la voluntad popular y la mayor preocupación por la justicia material y por el logro de soluciones que consulten la especificidad de los hechos (M.P. BARÓN, Ciro., 1992), situación que conviene un cambio de pensamiento en la elaboración de las normas y que a partir, de 1991 debe consultar su impacto en la solución de los problemas que aquejan la sociedad. Consecuente con lo anterior, el sistema tributario, no puede ser ajeno a los postulados incluidos en el artículo primero de la constitución política atrás citado, y en tal sentido la Asamblea Constituyente, aunque en su momento no acogió las recomendaciones dadas por el Instituto Colombiano de Derecho Tributario, en el sentido de incluir un artículo que dijera que los tributos debían fundarse en la capacidad económica del sujeto pasivo, si consagró en su artículo 363 que el sistema tributario debía fundarse en los principios de equidad y progresividad, entre otros (BRAVO, 1997). Es aquí donde se centra el presente proyecto de investigación, que busca indagar por el principio de progresividad, que por efecto metodológicos se limitara a las pyme, específicamente en la pequeña empresa, aquella con planta de personal entre once (11) y cincuenta (50) trabajadores y activo total entre quinientos un (501) y menos de cinco mil un (5.001) salarios mínimos legales mensuales vigentes. Estas personas jurídicas, se ven abocadas a una fuerte carga impositiva directa, en el cual el impuesto de renta recobra relevancia, haciéndose necesario analizar su impacto a las luces de la nueva reforma, a efecto de vislumbrar la efectiva materialización del principio de progresividad o por si el contrario los recientes cambios normativos han contradicho el mandato impuesto en la Constitución política en cuanto al respeto que debe contener toda norma en materia tributaria, en cuanto al principio objeto de estudio.

SC information letter #16-6

Code Section 12-36-2120(57) provides for an annual three-day sales tax holiday for sales taking place from 12:01 a.m. on the first Friday in August and ending at midnight on the following Sunday. Accordingly, the 2016 sales tax holiday weekend will begin Friday, August 5, 2016 at 12:01 a.m. and end Sunday, August 7, 2016 at midnight. A partial list of exempted items is included.

Cywilnoprawne granice optymalizacji podatkowej w zakresie podatku dochodowego od osób prawnych (analiza struktur planowania podatkowego)

Wydział Prawa i Administracji

El Impuesto al Valor Agregado a la luz de los Principios Constitucionales de Progresividad y Proporcionalidad

El derecho tributario se encuentra regido por principios propios de esta materia, parte de aquellos son los principios de Progresividad y Proporcionalidad, sin embargo, dentro de los sistemas tributarios, particularmente el ecuatoriano, coexisten diferentes tipos de tributos, algunos de ellos, por sus peculiares características, son incluso antagónicos a los mentados principios. Me refiero, especialmente, al Impuesto al Valor Agregado, gravamen de tipo indirecto y regresivo, vigente en nuestra legislación, y que merece un exhaustivo análisis con la finalidad de determinar en qué medida es compatible con la progresividad y la proporcionalidad constitucional.Para lograr el objetivo planteado, es menester hacer un repaso de la totalidad de principios aplicables a los tributos, estos son: generalidad, eficiencia, simplicidad administrativa, suficiencia recaudatoria, irretroactividad, igualdad, equidad, transparencia, legalidad, proporcionalidad y progresividad. Así mismo, es necesario un análisis doctrinario del Impuesto al Valor Agregado, a la par de la legislación vigente sobre este gravamen, y concluir con el análisis de la relación del IVA con dos de los principios constitucionales, los de proporcionalidad y progresividad.

SC INFORMATION LETTER #16-3

The South Carolina Code of Laws allows the imposition of various types of local sales and use taxes. Citizens of a county, depending upon the needs within the county, may impose one or several local sales and use taxes. Attached are three charts that provide guidance concerning the various types of local sales and use taxes collected by the Department of Revenue and the types of exemptions allowed under each tax.

SC private letter ruling

This paper gives a ruling on the annual membership fees paid to a company that allow members to receive the benefits that are associated with shopping on-line and are subject to South Carolina sales tax as part of the consideration paid for the purchase of tangible personal property pursuant to Code Section 12-36-60. It also rules on the free one month trial membership offered by a company that allows individuals to receive the same benefits as other members that are associated with shopping on-line and is not a sale of tangible personal property for a consideration under Code Section 12-36-100 and, therefore, is not subject to South Carolina sales and use tax.

Anotação sintética, numa perspectiva de Direito Público-penal e Direito Privado-civil, ao Acórdão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça Português, de 19 de Abril de 2012 - A poluição sonora e o direito humano ao descanso e à saúde, sem descurar a necessidade duma adequada política tributária.

Resumo: 1 – Sumário do Acórdão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, de 19 de Abril de 2012; 2 – Texto completo do Acórdão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, de 19 de Abril de 2012: cfr. http://www.dgsi.pt/jstj.nsf/954f0ce6ad9dd8b980256b5f003fa814/fc664c231f3e73cf802579ea003d91d2?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,polui%C3%A7%C3%A3o , 2 de Junho de 2012; 3 – Anotação sintética; 3.1 – Introdução à anotação sintética e suas características neste caso concreto; 4 – Algumas referências constitucionais centrais em relação a Direitos humanos e, nomeadamente, a um Direito humano a um meio-ambiente sadio, saudável em todas as suas vertentes e sentidos – o exemplo central do artigo 9.º da CRP; 4.1 – Algumas referências constitucionais centrais em relação a Direitos humanos e, nomeadamente, a um Direito humano a um meio-ambiente sadio, saudável em todas as suas vertentes e sentidos – o exemplo central do artigo 66.º da CRP e o Regime Geral do Ruído; 5 – O direito humano ao descanso e à saúde, rectius o direito ao ambiente sadio vs o direito ao lazer e/ou exploração económica de indústrias de diversão, rectius o direito à liberdade de iniciativa económica privada; 6 – A violação do direito humano, de personalidade, ao descanso e à saúde, rectius o direito a um ambiente sadio, numa perspectiva de Direito privado e Direito civil; 7 – A criminalização da poluição, designadamente a criminalização da poluição sonora – uma perspectiva de Direito público e Direito penal; 8 - A necessidade duma adequada política tributária que compatibilize desenvolvimento sustentado com a protecção dum meio ambiente sadio e com qualidade de vida; 9 – Conclusões. Palavras-chave: Direitos Humanos; Direito constitucional; Direito público; Direito penal; Direito privado; Direito civil; Direito ambiental; meio ambiente sadio; Direito ao descanso; Direito à saúde; Direito ao lazer e/ou exploração económica de indústrias de diversão; direito à liberdade de iniciativa económica privada; Direito tributário; Direito fiscal; Direito aduaneiro. Abstract: 1 - Summary of the Judgment of the Supreme Court of April 19, 2012, 2 - Complete text of the Judgment of the Supreme Court of April 19, 2012: cf. http://www.dgsi.pt/jstj.nsf/954f0ce6ad9dd8b980256b5f003fa814/fc664c231f3e73cf802579ea003d91d2?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,polui%C3%A7%C3%A3o , June 2, 2012, 3 - Synthetic Note: 3.1 - Introduction to synthetic annotation and its characteristics in this case 4 - Some references constitutional power over human rights and in particular to a human right to a healthy environment, healthy in all its forms and meanings - the central example of Article 9. of CRP; 4.1 - Some references constitutional power over human rights and in particular to a human right to a healthy environment, healthy in all its forms and meanings - the central example of Article 66. No of CRP and the General Noise; 5 - the human right to rest and health, rectius the right to healthy environment vs. the right to leisure and / or economic exploitation of industries fun, rectius the right to freedom of private economic initiative; 6 - the violation of human personality, to rest and health, rectius the right to a healthy environment, a perspective of private law and civil law; 7 - criminalization of pollution, including the criminalization of noise - a perspective of public law and criminal law; 8 - the need for appropriate tax policy that reconciles sustainable development with the protection of a healthy environment and quality of life; 9 - Conclusions.

Legitimidad del régimen de estampillas departamentales en Colombia

Análisis de la dinámica legitimadora de la Corte Constitucional en el tributo de estampillas, considerado desde la jurisdicción departamental, en el Estado colombiano.

Legal presumptions in national tax systems (Italy and Belgium) and in EU law

The thesis deals with the concept of presumptions, and in particular of legal presumptions, in the context of national tax systems (Italy and Belgium) and EU law. The purpose was to investigate the concept of legal presumption under a twofold comparative perspective. After having provided a general overview of the common core concept of presumption in the European context, an insight in the national approach to legal presumptions was given by examining two different national experiences, namely the Italian and Belgian tax systems. At this stage, the Constitutional framework and some of the most interesting and relevant at EU level presumptive measures were explored, with a view to underlining possible divergences and common grounds. The concept of (national) legal presumption was then investigated in the context of EU law, with the attempt to systematize under a uniform perspective a matter which has been traditionally dealt with either from the merely national point of view or, at EU level, through a fragmented form. In this instance, the EU law relevant framework and the most significant EUCJ case-law, in particular in the field of customs duties, VAT, on the issue of the repayment of taxes levied in breach of EU law and in the area of direct taxation, were examined so as to construe the overall EU approach to national legal presumptions. This was done with the finality of determining if and to what extent a common analytical framework may be identified, from which were extracted certain criteria governing the compatibility of national legal presumptions with EU law.

Property Tax Extension Limitation Law : technical manual /

This manual has been developed to provide detailed information about the Property Tax Extension Limitation Law (PTELL) to assist those persons who will be responsible for administering this law. Generally, county clerks and taxing districts' fiscal management personnel will find this manual most useful. While technical aspects of the PTELL are introduced and explained, this document does not cover all aspects of the law fully. Reading the information presented here should be supplemented by reading the statutes, administrative rules, and court cases.

Property Tax Extension Limitation Law : technical manual /

This manual has been developed to provide detailed information about the Property Tax Extension Limitation Law (PTELL) to assist persons responsible for administering the law (i.e., county clerks and taxing districts' fiscal management personnel). Although this document explains PTELL technical aspects it does not cover all aspects of the law, so information should be supplemented by reading statutes, administrative rules, and court cases.

Income tax : a concise exposition of the law and practice thereof ; with instructions as to filling up and returning the necessary forms to which is prefixed a short thesis on direct and indirect taxation with forms /

Includes index.