Transformando dinámicas generizadas: Propuestas de activistas de movimientos Sociales mixtos

En este artículo, se quiere abordar el problema de las discriminaciones de género en situaciones cotidianas de interacción social desde una óptica ni optimista ni victimista. Por esto, más que limitarse a la constatación de la existencia del mismo, se ha intentado proponer posibles líneas de cambio y se ha limitado el campo de estudio a una realidad supuestamente avanzada respecto a este tema: la de los Movimientos Sociales. Algunas militantes nos contarán lo que, a su parecer, deberíamos hacer para que las relaciones de género en los movimientos sociales sean no-discriminatorias. Sus narrativas representan útiles instrumentos para el debate sobre la deconstrucción de las dinámicas sexistas.

Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics: the emerging faces of nutrition.

The recognition that nutrients have the ability to interact and modulate molecular mechanisms underlying an organism's physiological functions has prompted a revolution in the field of nutrition. Performing population-scaled epidemiological studies in the absence of genetic knowledge may result in erroneous scientific conclusions and misinformed nutritional recommendations. To circumvent such issues and more comprehensively probe the relationship between genes and diet, the field of nutrition has begun to capitalize on both the technologies and supporting analytical software brought forth in the post-genomic era. The creation of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics, two fields with distinct approaches to elucidate the interaction between diet and genes but with a common ultimate goal to optimize health through the personalization of diet, provide powerful approaches to unravel the complex relationship between nutritional molecules, genetic polymorphisms, and the biological system as a whole. Reluctance to embrace these new fields exists primarily due to the fear that producing overwhelming quantities of biological data within the confines of a single study will submerge the original query; however, the current review aims to position nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics as the emerging faces of nutrition that, when considered with more classical approaches, will provide the necessary stepping stones to achieve the ambitious goal of optimizing an individual's health via nutritional intervention.

The atypical faces of neuroblastoma : pictorial essay : P49

Purpose: Neuroblastoma represents 8 to 10% of all pediatric tumors and account for 15% of cancer deaths in children. Neuroblastoma may arise anywhere sympathetic tissue is present and its clinical presentation may be very variable. Therefore, a significant number of unusual tumor presentation and imaging findings are possible.The purpose of this pictorial essay is to review the unusual imaging findings of neuroblastoma. Methods and materials: We retrospectively revised the 25 cases f neuroblastoma detected and treated at our institution in the last 3 years and selected those cases with atypical imaging findings at the initial diagnosis and the follow-up studies. Results: A significant number of our studies showed atypical imaging findings concerning the site of origin, the initial characteristics and extension of the primary tumor or the site of metastasis. Conclusion: The variability of origin and the changing clinical evolution of neuroblastoma may originate a wide spectrum of unusual imaging findings, which should be recognized to allow a correct diagnosis.

Utilização de multilinhas dinâmicas para o manejo da antracnose do sorgo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do uso de multilinhas dinâmicas, por meio de misturas genéticas em populações de híbridos triplos, no manejo da antracnose do sorgo, causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum sublineolum. Foram obtidos 18 híbridos triplos a partir de sete linhagens que continham genes distintos para resistência à doença. Os 25 genótipos de híbridos e linhagens foram avaliados em campo. Verificou-se, em alguns híbridos, grau de resistência superior ao observado para a linhagem mais resistente utilizada nos cruzamentos, o que indica efeito aditivo dos genes de resistência das diferentes linhagens na composição da resistência final dos híbridos. O usodas multilinhas dinâmicas reduziu a intensidade da doença no campo e aumentou a produtividade. Essa estratégia torna possível a utilização de linhagens que apresentam características agronômicas desejáveis, mas são suscetíveis à antracnose.

Cambios y permanencias en las dinámicas sociodemográficas de los Pirineos españoles. El papel de los movimientos migratorios

En este trabajo pretendemos ofrecer una visión de conjunto de la demografía de los municipios y comarcas que conforman el espacio que convencionalmente definimos como los Pirineos. Un territorio que, con mayor o menor intensidad según las coyunturas, ha vislumbrado cómo sus efectivos poblacionales han ido disminuyendo dramáticamente a lo largo de todo el siglo XX. Sin embargo, en la última década y en estos primeros años de la nueva centuria, se están detectando cambios en sus negativas dinámicas demográficas, que reflejan a su vez modificaciones de las funciones socioeconómicas que una parte de los municipios pirenaicos desempeñan en la sociedad española. Los motores que vehiculan estas nuevas tendencias son, principalmente, la combinación de las funciones turística y residencial que ahora van a desarrollar una parte de estos municipios.

Variação da densidade de fluxo de seiva e do potencial hídrico foliar nas faces leste e oeste da copa de laranjeira 'Valência'

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da variação diurna e sazonal dos fatores ambientais sobre a densidade de fluxo de seiva (DFS) e o potencial hídrico foliar (Ψf) nas faces leste e oeste da copa de laranjeiras 'Valência' em condições de sequeiro. Foram utilizadas três plantas para as avaliações, cujas linhas de plantio estavam orientadas no sentido norte-sul. As avaliações foram realizadas durante um dia, em cada época do ano: verão, outono, inverno e primavera. Os valores de potencial hídrico medidos antes do amanhecer variaram de -0,31 MPa, no dia 10-12-05, a -1,1 MPa, no dia 30-08-05, porém não houve diferença significativa entre as faces leste e oeste da copa. Já para o potencial hídrico medido às 14h 30, em todas as épocas avaliadas, a face oeste apresentou menores (p<0,05) valores que os da face leste, sendo que os mesmos variaram entre -0,95 e -1,89 MPa, verificados nos dias 10-12-05 e 30-08-05, respectivamente. A maior demanda evaporativa que se verifica no período da tarde, induz a maior déficit hídrico na face oeste da copa, independentemente da época do ano e, por consequência, maior DFS em plantas bem hidratadas sob condições de dias completamente ensolarados. Em plantas em condições de deficiência hídrica (indicada por baixos valores de Ψf), a face oeste é mais sensível a essa situação, apresentando redução de DFS. Essa redução ocorre no inverno, na região de Cordeirópolis (SP).

The relative salience of facial features when differentiating faces based on an interference paradigm

Research on face recognition and social judgment usually addresses the manipulation of facial features (eyes, nose, mouth, etc.). Using a procedure based on a Stroop-like task, Montepare and Opeyo (J Nonverbal Behav 26(1):43-59, 2002) established a hierarchy of the relative salience of cues based on facial attributes when differentiating faces. Using the same perceptual interference task, we established a hierarchy of facial features. Twenty-three participants (13 men and 10 women) volunteered for the experiment to compare pairs of frontal faces. The participants had to judge if the eyes, nose, mouth and chin in the pair of images were the same or different. The factors manipulated were the target-distractive factor (4 face components 9 3 distractive factors), interference (absent vs. present) and correct answer (the same vs. different). The analysis of reaction times and errors showed that the eyes and mouth were processed before the chin and nose, thus highlighting the critical importance of the eyes and mouth, as shown by previous research.

Is the Front Line Prepared for the Changing Faces of Patients? Predictors of Cross-Cultural Preparedness Among Clinical Nurses and Resident Physicians in Lausanne, Switzerland.

UNLABELLED: Phenomenon: Assuring quality medical care for all persons requires that healthcare providers understand how sociocultural factors affect a patient's health beliefs/behaviors. Switzerland's changing demographics highlight the importance of provider cross-cultural preparedness for all patients-especially those at risk for social/health precarity. We evaluated healthcare provider cross-cultural preparedness for commonly encountered vulnerable patient profiles. APPROACH: A survey on cross-cultural care was mailed to Lausanne University hospital's "front-line healthcare providers": clinical nurses and resident physicians at our institution. Preparedness items asked "How prepared do you feel to care for ... ?" (referring to example patient profiles) on an ascending 5-point Likert scale. We examined proportions of "4 - well/5 - very well prepared" and the mean composite score for preparedness. We used linear regression to examine the adjusted effect of demographics, work context, cultural-competence training, and cross-cultural care problem awareness, on preparedness. FINDINGS: Of 885 questionnaires, 368 (41.2%) were returned: 124 (33.6%) physicians and 244 (66.4%) nurses. Mean preparedness composite was 3.30 (SD = 0.70), with the lowest proportion of healthcare providers feeling prepared for patients "whose religious beliefs affect treatment" (22%). After adjustment, working in a sensitized department (β = 0.21, p = .01), training on the history/culture of a specific group (β = 0.25, p = .03), and awareness regarding (a) a lack of practical experience caring for diverse populations (β = 0.25, p = .004) and (b) inadequate cross-cultural training (β = 0.18, p = .04) were associated with higher preparedness. Speaking French as a dominant language and physician role (vs. nurse) were negatively associated with preparedness (β = -0.26, p = .01; β = -0.22, p = .01). Insights: The state of cross-cultural care preparedness among Lausanne's front-line healthcare providers leaves room for improvement. Our study points toward institutional strategies to improve preparedness: notably, making sure departments are sensitized to cross-cultural care resources and increasing provider diversity to reflect the changing Swiss demographic.

Dinámicas complejas en el flujo: diferencias entre trabajo y no trabajo

Esta investigación se interesó por la dinámica del flujo (flow) en contextos laborales y no laborales con el objetivo de conocer diferencias y semejanzas de dicha experiencia motivacional. Sesenta empleados de ocupaciones variadas contestaron un diario de flujo seis veces al día durante veintiún días consecutivos (6982 registros). Los datos fueron analizados a nivel entre e intra-sujeto y se utilizaron modelos lineales (i.e. regresión lineal) y no lineales (i.e. modelo de catástrofes) para conocer la capacidad predictiva del ajuste reto-habilidades sobre el flujo. Contextos laboral y no laboral han mostrado dos diferencias fundamentales: mayores fluctuaciones en el flujo en el segundo (desviaciones tipo mayores en las variables habilidades, disfrute, interés y absorción) y un significado distinto del reto. Por otro lado, la capacidad de predicción del modelo no lineal ha sido claramente mayor que su homólogo lineal (42% frente al 19%, en el caso del no trabajo; 44% frente a 33% en el trabajo). El flujo, tanto en contextos laborales como no laborales, muestra dinámicas no lineales que combinan cambios graduales y cambios abruptos. La investigación e intervención interesadas en este proceso deberían centrarse en la variable reto que se ha mostrado clave para entender dichas dinámicas complejas en el flujo.

Cálculo ab initio de intensidades Raman dinâmicas utilizando a teoria da resposta linear

In this paper a methodology for the computation of Raman scattering cross-sections and depolarization ratios within the Placzek Polarizability Theory is described. The polarizability gradients are derived from the values of the dynamic polarizabilities computed at the excitation frequencies using ab initio Linear Response Theory. A sample application of the computational program, at the HF, MP2 and CCSD levels of theory, is presented for H2O and NH3. The results show that high correlated levels of theory are needed to achieve good agreement with experimental data.