PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VEGETABLES HARDWOOD IN HYDROPONICS

The hydroponic cultivation of vegetables has increased markedly in recent years, however, little is known about its chemical composition, which is of extreme importance in view of changing food habits of a considerable fraction of the population seeking food quality. For this reason, cultivation of watercress, chicory, rocket and lettuce American (Lucy Brown) and smooth (cv. Regina) were grown in hydroponics, NFT system, aiming to evaluate the yield, nitrate content and chemical composition. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis city in the Santa Catarina State (Brazil), from may to july 2004 under a completely randomized design with four replications. The spacing used was 25 x 25 cm for the crops of watercress, chicory and lettuce (cv. Lucy Brown and cv. Regina) and 5 x 5 cm to the rocket. The traits were: number of leaves, nitrate content and chemical composition of vegetables. The lettuce cv. Regina and chicory had higher number of leaves per plant. The watercress had lower water content and higher dry mass of shoots. The largest increase in fresh weight was obtained in chicory, lettuce, cv. Regina. Higher levels of lipids, protein, ash, carbohydrates, calories, fiber and nitrate were obtained from the watercress. The rocket had lower values for the variables fresh and dries the whole plant, shoot and root and leaf number per plant. All cultures showed good visual appearance, low calorie and nitrate levels suitable for human consumption.

Effect of Si addition on Ca- and P-impregnated implant surfaces with nanometer-scale roughness: an experimental study in dogs

Objectives: To investigate the effect of Si addition on a nanometer-scale roughness Ca and P implant surfaces in a canine tibia model by biomechanical and histomorphometric evaluations. Material and methods: The implant surfaces comprised a resorbable media CaP microblasted (control) and a CaP resorbable media + silica-boost microblasted (experimental) surfaces. Surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optical interferometry (IFM) down to the nanometric level. The animal model involved the bilateral placement of control (n = 24) and experimental surface (n = 24) implants along the proximal tibiae of six dogs, remaining in vivo for 2 or 4 weeks. After euthanization, half of the specimens were torquedto- interface failure, and the other half was subjected to histomorphologic and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) evaluation. Torque and BIC statistical evaluation was performed by the Friedman test at 95% level of significance, and comparisons between groups was performed by the Dunn test. Results: IFM and SEM observations depicted comparable roughness parameters for both implant surfaces on the micrometer and nanometer scales. XPS analysis revealed similar chemical composition, except for the addition of Si on the experimental group. Torque-to-interface failure and BIC mean values showed no significant differences (P = 0.25 and 0.51, respectively) at both 2- and 4-week evaluation points for experimental and control groups. Early bone healing histomorphologic events were similar between groups. Conclusions: The experimental surface resulted in not significantly different biomechanical fixation and BIC relative to control. Both surfaces were biocompatible and osseoconductive.

Biomechanical and histologic evaluation of non-washed resorbable blasting media and alumina-blasted/acid-etched surfaces

Objectives: To compare the biomechanical fixation and histomorphometric parameters between two implant surfaces: non-washed resorbable blasting media (NWRBM) and alumina-blasted/acid-etched (AB/AE), in a dog model. Material and methods: The surface topography was assessed by scanning electron microscopy, optical interferometry and chemistry by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Six beagle dogs of similar to 1.5 years of age were utilized and each animal received one implant of each surface per limb (distal radii sites). After a healing period of 3 weeks, the animals were euthanized and half of the implants were biomechanically tested (removal torque) and the other half was referred to nondecalcified histology processing. Histomorphometric analysis considered bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). Following data normality check with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, statistical analysis was performed by paired t-tests at 95% level of significance. Results: Surface roughness parameters Sa (average surface roughness) and Sq (mean root square of the surface) were significantly lower for the NWRBM compared with AB/ AE. The XPS spectra revealed the presence of Ca and P in the NWRBM. While no significant differences were observed for both BIC and BAFO parameters (P>0.35 and P>0.11, respectively), a significantly higher level of torque was observed for the NWRBM group (P = 0.01). Bone morphology was similar between groups, which presented newly formed woven bone in proximity with the implant surfaces. Conclusion: A significant increase in early biomechanical fixation was observed for implants presenting the NWRBM surface.

Proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass after 1 year of follow-up

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effect of weight loss after 3, 6 and 12 months of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) on energy intake and on several biomarkers of oxidative stress such as levels of vitamin C, beta-carotene, vitamin E (diet/blood), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), myeloperoxidase (MPO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and activity of catalase (CAT). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Study with a control group (CG), assessed once, and a bariatric group (BG) assessed at the basal period as well as at 3, 6 and 12 months post-surgery; both groups were composed of 5 men and 31 women (n = 36). Age was 38.7 +/- 9.4 and 39.6 +/- 9.2 years old and body mass index (BMI) was 22.2 +/- 2.1 and 47.6 +/- 9.1 kg/m(2), respectively. The variance measure quoted was SEM. RESULTS: The body weight at 12 months was 35.8 +/- 1.0% (P<0.001) lower than that of the basal period. At the basal period BG showed higher levels of NOx (P=0.007) and TBARS (P<0.001) and lower levels of vitamins C and E (P<0.001) compared with CG. After 3 months the activity of MPO was decreased (P<0.001). Six months after surgery GSH levels were decreased (P=0.037), whereas CAT activity was increased (P=0.029). After 12 months levels of NOx (P=0.004), TBARS (P<0.001), beta-carotene (P<0.001) and vitamin E (P<0.001) were decreased, whereas those of vitamin C (P<0.001) were increased compared with controls. CONCLUSION: RYGB followed by a daily vitamin supplement apparently attenuated pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers 1 year after surgery, but additional antioxidant supplementation appears necessary.

Structure and anomalous solubility for hard spheres in an associating lattice gas model

In this paper we investigate the solubility of a hard-sphere gas in a solvent modeled as an associating lattice gas. The solution phase diagram for solute at 5% is compared with the phase diagram of the original solute free model. Model properties are investigated both through Monte Carlo simulations and a cluster approximation. The model solubility is computed via simulations and is shown to exhibit a minimum as a function of temperature. The line of minimum solubility (TmS) coincides with the line of maximum density (TMD) for different solvent chemical potentials, in accordance with the literature on continuous realistic models and on the "cavity" picture. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4743635]

Influence of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery on Vitamin C, Myeloperoxidase, and Oral Clinical Manifestations: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study

Background: Bariatric surgery influences the intake and absorption of nutrients. The serum concentrations of vitamin C, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and oral clinical manifestations were examined in patients two years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Methods: Clinical prospective-study with control-group (CG; n = 26), assessed only once, and the bariatric-group (BG; n = 26), assessed in the basal period and at 12 and 24 months after surgery. The mean ages in the CG and BG were 37.8 +/- 1.51 and 39.6 +/- 1.93 years, respectively, and their body mass indices were 22.07 +/- 0.29 and 45.62 +/- 1.46 kg/m2, respectively. Results: At 12 months after surgery, increased episodes of vomiting (P < .001) and dental hypersensitivity (P=.012) were observed, with a reduction in the saliva buffering capacity of 21.3 2.9% (P=.004). At 24 months after RYGB, we detected a significant reduction in serum vitamin C (32.9 +/- 5.3%, P < .001) and MPO values were higher than in the basal period (P = .032). With regard to oral hygiene habits, 92.3% of patients reported frequent tooth brushing and 96.1% used fluoride, which were similar across the two years. However, dental hypersensitivity (P = .048) was significantly increased than baseline. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that vitamin C deficiency and increased vomiting after RYGB for morbid obesity may contribute to increased periodontal disease. The fact it is impossible to determine which factors (diet, poor compliance with supplementation, vomiting, poor oral hygiene) contributed to the dental problems in these patients is a shortcoming of the report. (Nutr Clin Pract. 2012; 27: 114-121)

Prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis C virus infection in Brazil, 2005 through 2009: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Hepatitis C chronic liver disease is a major cause of liver transplant in developed countries. This article reports the first nationwide population-based survey conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of HCV antibodies and associated risk factors in the urban population of Brazil. Methods The cross sectional study was conducted in all Brazilian macro-regions from 2005 to 2009, as a stratified multistage cluster sample of 19,503 inhabitants aged between 10 and 69 years, representing individuals living in all 26 State capitals and the Federal District. Hepatitis C antibodies were detected by a third-generation enzyme immunoassay. Seropositive individuals were retested by Polymerase Chain Reaction and genotyped. Adjusted prevalence was estimated by macro-regions. Potential risk factors associated with HCV infection were assessed by calculating the crude and adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and p values. Population attributable risk was estimated for multiple factors using a case–control approach. Results The overall weighted prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies was 1.38% (95% CI: 1.12%–1.64%). Prevalence of infection increased in older groups but was similar for both sexes. The multivariate model showed the following to be predictors of HCV infection: age, injected drug use (OR = 6.65), sniffed drug use (OR = 2.59), hospitalization (OR = 1.90), groups socially deprived by the lack of sewage disposal (OR = 2.53), and injection with glass syringe (OR = 1.52, with a borderline p value). The genotypes 1 (subtypes 1a, 1b), 2b and 3a were identified. The estimated population attributable risk for the ensemble of risk factors was 40%. Approximately 1.3 million individuals would be expected to be anti-HCV-positive in the country. Conclusions The large estimated absolute numbers of infected individuals reveals the burden of the disease in the near future, giving rise to costs for the health care system and society at large. The known risk factors explain less than 50% of the infected cases, limiting the prevention strategies. Our findings regarding risk behaviors associated with HCV infection showed that there is still room for improving strategies for reducing transmission among drug users and nosocomial infection, as well as a need for specific prevention and control strategies targeting individuals living in poverty.

Representação política, representação de grupos e política de cotas: perspectivas e contendas feministas

Este artigo foca no debate sobre representação política, representação especial de grupos e política de cotas com o objetivo de destacar os seus argumentos principais e mais controversos, explorando suas inconsistências, problematizando-os e estabelecendo um diálogo entre eles. Será considerado até que ponto o argumento por maior inclusão de membros de grupos sociais não hegemônicos em processos político-decisórios, através de mecanismos como as cotas, pode ser justificado desde uma perspectiva normativa. Dado o caráter polêmico do conceito de representação política e da noção de identidades e interesses de grupos, em que se justificaria essa demanda? Esta discussão será conduzida a partir de uma análise sobre o conceito de representação política, da noção de interesses, identidades e perspectivas de grupos, e de uma análise sobre os principais argumentos apresentados a favor das cotas e contra elas. O artigo foca na representação política das mulheres, estabelecendo assim um diálogo permanente com e entre perspectivas feministas.

Luzes femininas: a felicidade segundo Madame du Châtelet

As luzes do Iluminismo francês consagradas por certa história da filosofia foram indubitavelmente as masculinas. As presenças de Voltaire, Rousseau e Diderot nas pesquisas e nas obras sobre o período são quase absolutas. A finalidade deste artigo é explorar as Luzes francesas, particularmente, a questão ética da felicidade, pelo olhar de uma razão tão ilustrada quanto a de Voltaire, Rousseau ou Diderot, porém de saiotes e espartilho: o pensamento de Émilie du Châtelet (1706-1749). Pouco conhecida pelo público brasileiro e menos estudada ainda pelos dix-huitièmistes locais, Madame du Châtelet, marquesa de berço, escreveu, por volta de 1746, um Discurso sobre a felicidade. O exame de algumas das teses e propostas éticas contidas nesse opúsculo é uma oportunidade instigante para se entenderem um pouco melhor não só as Luzes francesas, mas, sobretudo, a sensibilidade e as angústias das mulheres de vanguarda da França pré-revolucionária.

Atraso no diagnóstico da tuberculose em sistema prisional: a experiência do doente apenado

O estudo analisou as causas de atraso no diagnóstico da tuberculose em sistema prisional, segundo a experiência do doente apenado. Utilizou-se o referencial teórico-metodológico da análise de discurso de matriz francesa, que busca a compreensão dos processos de produção de sentidos, na relação da linguagem com a ideologia e de constituição de sujeitos em suas posições. Foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas com sete doentes de tuberculose apenados em um hospital de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, no período de agosto a outubro de 2009. O atraso no diagnóstico da tuberculose relaciona-se à naturalização da desassistência ao sujeito preso, à interpretação do presídio como um lugar de morte e sofrimentos e à privação do direito à saúde para detentos em decorrência de sua posição nas relações assimétricas de poder e efeitos ideológicos.

O conhecimento de estratégias de comunicação no atendimento à dimensão emocional em cuidados paliativos

O estudo objetivou investigar o conhecimento e a utilização de estratégias de comunicação no cuidado da dimensão emocional do paciente sob cuidados paliativos. Com abordagem quantitativa, foi realizado entre agosto/2008 e julho/2009, junto a 303 profissionais de saúde que trabalhavam ou tinham contato frequente com estes pacientes, por meio da aplicação de questionário. Os dados sofreram tratamento estatístico descritivo e analítico. Os profissionais denotaram desconhecimento de estratégias de comunicação, evidenciando-se diferença significativa (p-valor 0,0011) na comparação entre sujeitos com e sem formação prévia em cuidados paliativos, denotando que quem possui capacitação paliativista conhece/utiliza mais estratégias comunicacionais na atenção à dimensão emocional de seus pacientes. As estratégias mais citadas pelos sujeitos foram: escuta ativa, reafirmações verbais de solicitude, uso de perguntas abertas e toque afetivo. Conclui-se que há pouco conhecimento e utilização insatisfatória de estratégias de comunicação, pelos profissionais de saúde no cuidado à dimensão emocional de pacientes sob cuidados paliativos.

O alcance da excelência por programas brasileiros de pós-graduação stricto sensu com doutorado em enfermagem

Objetivou-se identificar como os programas de pós-graduação em enfermagem stricto sensu, avaliados pela Área de Enfermagem da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, no triênio 2007-2009, alcançaram a excelência - conceito 6. Estudo descritivo-exploratório, de cunho documental, que investigou os dados dos Cadernos de Indicadores destes programas, disponibilizados no site da mencionada Coordenação, em 2010. Foram analisadas 99 fichas, de 33 programas, referentes ao triênio 2007 a 2009, agrupadas nos sub-itens do quesito Inserção Social e categorias para notas 6/7. Apresentam-se os indicadores de excelência de programas norte-americanos e brasileiros, os resultados da avaliação trienal referentes aos sub-itens do quesito 5 e a descrição do desempenho dos programas indicados para o conceito 6. Conclui-se que a excelência dos programas vem sendo gradativamente conquistada, com desempenho em determinadas categorias, semelhantes às exigidas pelos padrões internacionais, vencendo-se os obstáculos para o alcance desta excelência, em sua plenitude.

Perfil de cuidadores de idosos com doença de Alzheimer associado à resiliência

Estudo exploratório-descritivo que objetivou descrever variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde dos cuidadores de idosos com Alzheimer, associando os cuidados realizados à resiliência. Participaram do estudo 101 cuidadores, maiores de 18 anos, que acompanhavam os idosos em unidade básica e em hospital público, no ano 2009. Foram aplicados questionários para perfil, Inventário de Depressão de Beck e Escala de Resiliência. Realizada análise estatística dos dados. A maioria dos cuidadores eram mulheres, sem depressão, recebia ajuda de outras pessoas para cuidar e possuía alto grau de resiliência. Houve associação significativa da resiliência com as variáveis: grau de parentesco, tratamento médico, uso de medicamentos, cansaço, esgotamento, desânimo e saúde mental do cuidador. Saúde física foi associada, significativamente, à experiência no cuidado, sendo que 82 idosos tinham prejuízos cognitivos graves. O idoso no contexto familiar pode ser beneficiado quando o cuidador é mais resiliente.

Significado de espiritualidade para a enfermagem em cuidados intensivos

Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, que objetivou identificar o significado de espiritualidade para a equipe de enfermagem de Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos e investigar como os valores de espiritualidade dos profissionais interferem no processo de cuidar. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, com trinta e quatro profissionais da equipe de enfermagem intensiva de um hospital público do município de São Paulo. As categorias de análise foram: A dimensão espiritual e seus significados, composta pelas subcategorias: Fé e crença religiosa; Crença em uma força/poder superior; Bem-estar espiritual e atributo do espírito, e a outra categoria emergente foi: Entre o Vínculo e o conflito: a influência de valores no cuidado ao paciente gravemente enfermo, subdividida em: os valores religiosos e os valores bioéticos. A multiplicidade de significados refletiu a multidimensionalidade conceitual expressa na literatura e estiveram relacionadas às condições emocionais da própria equipe de enfermagem, por interferirem nas relações de empatia e nas questões existenciais.