Educação e Religião em Comenius na sua Didática Magna

Este trabalho é uma pesquisa sobre Religião e Educação em João Amós Comenius na obra Didática Magna. No primeiro capítulo, são apresentados o contexto histórico, social, político e religioso em que Comenius estava inserido e as influências que marcaram seu pensamento. Também sua vida e obra. No segundo capítulo é analisada a constituição da educação na Idade Média. Para tanto, são descritos os principais desenvolvimentos ocorridos na educação, bem como as manifestações de cada movimento, caracterizando como a educação se difundia no período anterior ao de Comenius. No terceiro capítulo são apresentadas sínteses e algumas análises teológicas e pedagógicas da obra Didática Magna, tendo como proposta proporcionar uma pedagogia educacional transformadora, uma arte de ensinar tudo a todos . Um ponto de real importância a saber é que a salvação tinha como seu instrumento humano a educação. A educação e apresentada como a salvação para a corrupção do gênero humano. Na obra são descritos os princípios que devem colaborar para a formação do ser humano. A pesquisa conclui que em Comenius houve um impulso para a educação. Mas este impulso não pode ser atribuído apenas à força do pedagogo e teologo João Amós Comenius. Deve-se ser compreendido em conjunto com os fatores políticos, religiosos e culturais.

Açude do cais: uma proposta de aplicação de uma sequência de atividades didáticas em um contexto real

Currently it is expected that science education will enable a more comprehensive conception of the world and of the relationship between scientific knowledge, technology and society. Thus, we seek the science teaching attend around contexts related to science, technology and society (STS). According CTS approaches, the science education should promote learning in the scientific, technological and social fields, from experienced real contexts, generating motivation to students, offering them tools to work as scientifically literate citizens. For this, it becomes crucial to resort to innovative activities and the various methodologies and appropriate teaching materials, and there is a lack of this perspective in general basic education, which drives the practice of an STS approach. Therefore, the aim of this research is the production of an instructional sequence for the exploration of the theme: "The quality of the water in the municipality of Cuité-PB," according to focus CTS in the 2nd year of high school. The choice of this topic is due to the problem caused by the quality of water in this municipality, with the concern to address an issue that came to work the critical / reflective understanding of a real context, in order to sensitize students to the importance of scientific / technological knowledge. The selection criteria of STS subjects were also observed. In this research the materials were produced and applied by the teacher / researcher. For data collection we used the observation and analysis of student records. The results were encouraging in the sense of participation, motivation and skill acquisition. This research contributes to the teaching of science with a focus STS, as well as encourage the use of perspective in new contexts with real questioning

Dificuldades de aprendizagem do conteúdo de soluções: proposta de ensino contextualizada

The study of solutions is considered very important to chemist’s education because most of the chemical reactions occur in aqueous medium, being also required to understand other subject such as chemical changes, electrochemical and chemical balance. Nevertheless, it is noticed that many students indicate learning difficulties related to the content of solutions, how to pass among the macro-submicroscopic knowledge levels, and how to solve quantitative problems that demanding the establishment of a stoichiometric ratios. This thesis defended considers the use of contextualized teaching strategies about some subject associated to the study of solution, can foster student learning through reflection and understanding of their own difficulties, besides to provide motivation and active participation. The target group is formed by students of the undergraduate distance education with major in chemistry education of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), and they were chosen because this education system is expanding and its learning difficulties publications number is reduced as well. Thus, the first methodological stage was to identify the student’s main learning difficulties associated to the study of solutions through literature sources. Next, using an adapted script of the Plano Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM, Textbook National Plan for High School), the approach of the content of solutions printed in educational materials used by the target group was analyzed. Afterward, a teaching unit was planned in the last methodological stage and, finally, a new teaching unite was given with a sequence of contextualized activities such as video presentation, dialogued lecture, questionnaires application, exercises, and an experiment, where the target group’s main difficulties related to learning of solution were identified. The participants of the teaching unit activities had some learning difficulties in understand concepts of compound, ion, charge, entropy and solubility, as well as to identify the ion charge, interpret statements, decode tables, use the chemical language, perform mathematical calculations and use concentration units, similar results raised in the literature sources. In order to work on these difficulties, these students were encouraged to expose, question and test their ideas about the phenomenon under study, allowing learn from their mistakes and reflect on the organization strategy of scientific explanatory models they use. Therefore, activities and information about learning difficulties presented in this thesis need to be critical reflection object, because it can help both students in the process of acquiring knowledge about the content of solutions and professors in the planning of their lessons.

A leitura e a produção textual no ensino fundamental I: uma proposta de como trabalhar com os gêneros textuais

The little interest in reading and the large presence of deviations in writing observed in the texts of students of the 5th grade of a public school in RN, led us to question the motives of this problem. Thus, the idea to organize and develop teaching sequences with a variety of possibilities of reading and production through the text genres. The practice with the textual genres in elementary school extends the use of reading and writing and improves the quality of learning. In this way, the school, as one of the most active spheres in social practices of the language, we justify this work with the use of text genres as facilitators for teaching and learning the mother tongue. For this purpose, we draw as the main objective to talk about the work with textual genres from the development of didactic sequences, as well as encourage students to take a more reflexive attitude toward language and its uses, as discursive social practices. The development of the study with the text genres was made through the application of didactic sequences in the school context of elementary school classes, from 5th grade. Specifically were chosen, the letter, note, music, poetry, fable and the tale. The study is anchored in the reflections of the following theorists and researchers: Bakhtin (2011), Miller (1994), Marcuschi (2008) and Bronckart (1999) on the text genres; Marcuschi (2005) and Dolz and Schneuwly (2004) that approve a teaching-learning proposal focused on textual genres, giving a meaning to language in the construction of the knowledge and Dolz and Schneuwly (2004) regarding the didactic sequence; other theoretical orientations: PCN (1998), Lerner (2005), among others. The methodology followed the action research guidelines, in a qualitative approach perspective. The instruments of research included questionnaire, observations, readings and productions. The results pointed the students' interest in relation to the activities developed in the didactic sequences and consequently improvement in the students‘ own writings. In this sense, we reiterate the need to contamplate in the teaching activities the diversity of texts and genres and, not only due to its social relevance, therefore the student should be able to use the language in various way and adapt their texts to situations of oral and written interlocution.

Uma proposta para o ensino das estações do ano com base em um referencial topocêntrico

Studies carried out in several countries have confirmed the students’ difficulty in explaining the causes of the seasons of the year, and most of times their learning takes place incorrectly. The seasons of the year have been generally treated in didactic books apart from people´s routine, based on the heliocentric system, what demands abstraction to understand the phenomenon. Before this difficulty, it is necessary to think about a teaching proposal which allows the students to realize the environmental characteristics and its changes over time, as well as the seasons themselves. Thus, our goal was to work from the perspective of the observer on the terrestrial surface, therefore using the topocentric system. For that, we constructed a didactic sequence, grounded in Ausubel´s meaningful learning theory (2003) and in Moreira´s critical meaningful learning theory (2010), which was applied to students in 9th grade of elementary school and in 2th grade of high school at Escola Estadual Jerônimo Arantes, in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, owing to their previous knowledge and alternative conceptions, which were collected via interviews. Afterwards, to evaluate the applied methodology, we made new interviews, by which we realized improvement in learning in relation to the characteristics of the seasons based on Sun´s apparent path, which we attribute to reference the change of observation and the means to obtain data on the volume of rainfall and average temperature in the city throughout the year. On the other hand, there are points that were not highlighted in learning, such as the link between winter and rainy season and the causes of the seasons, points left to be discussed in future investigations.

Uma proposta para o ensino das estações do ano com base em um referencial topocêntrico

Studies carried out in several countries have confirmed the students’ difficulty in explaining the causes of the seasons of the year, and most of times their learning takes place incorrectly. The seasons of the year have been generally treated in didactic books apart from people´s routine, based on the heliocentric system, what demands abstraction to understand the phenomenon. Before this difficulty, it is necessary to think about a teaching proposal which allows the students to realize the environmental characteristics and its changes over time, as well as the seasons themselves. Thus, our goal was to work from the perspective of the observer on the terrestrial surface, therefore using the topocentric system. For that, we constructed a didactic sequence, grounded in Ausubel´s meaningful learning theory (2003) and in Moreira´s critical meaningful learning theory (2010), which was applied to students in 9th grade of elementary school and in 2th grade of high school at Escola Estadual Jerônimo Arantes, in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, owing to their previous knowledge and alternative conceptions, which were collected via interviews. Afterwards, to evaluate the applied methodology, we made new interviews, by which we realized improvement in learning in relation to the characteristics of the seasons based on Sun´s apparent path, which we attribute to reference the change of observation and the means to obtain data on the volume of rainfall and average temperature in the city throughout the year. On the other hand, there are points that were not highlighted in learning, such as the link between winter and rainy season and the causes of the seasons, points left to be discussed in future investigations.

Observações preliminares sobre a proposta orçamentária para 2010 : tópicos econômico-fiscais

Consultoria de Orçamento e Fiscalização Financeira - Núcleo de Assuntos Econômico-Fiscais.

Sistema de informação em gestão de competências : proposta de um modelo de mapa do conhecimento aplicado à Câmara Legislativa do Distrito Federal

Apresenta a proposta de um modelo de mapa do conhecimento, como ferramenta informacional em gestão de competências, aplicado à Câmara Legislativa do Distrito Federal - CLDF, para auxiliar no processo de governança legislativa. São abordados e discutidos os conceitos de administração pública gerencial; competência; competência nas organizações e alguns modelos, métodos e técnicas de gestão de competências. Apresenta, ainda, o mapeamento das áreas de competência existentes na CLDF, e a modelagem e classificação das competências por áreas. O modelo proposto envolveu a construção de um modelo de dados; de uma taxonomia institucional; de uma arquitetura da informação, com concepção do padrão institucional de metadados, do repositório da taxonomia e dos metadados; e a definição das unidades organizacionais responsáveis pelo gerenciamento do conteúdo e da operacionalização do sistema, com suas atribuições e responsabilidades. Por fim, recomenda a aplicação do modelo e a ampliação do estudo em instituições públicas e, particularmente, nas instituições do poder legislativo municipal, estadual e federal.

Orçamento público semi-impositivo para transferências voluntárias : diagnóstico, perspectivas e proposta de mudanças

Diagnóstico do modelo legal de transferências voluntárias realizadas pelo Governo Federal para os entes subnacionais, em face das recorrentes irregularidades relatadas pelos órgãos de controle. Questiona os motivos pelos quais o modelo vem sendo mantido há décadas diante da notória ineficiência. O fim da descentralização tutelada é a solução recomendada pela pesquisa.

Orçamento semi-impositivo para transferências voluntárias : diagnóstico, perspectivas e proposta

O estudo tem por base a monografia apresentada pelo autor no Curso de Especialização em Processo Legislativo do Centro de Formação, Treinamento e Aperfeiçoamento (CEFOR) da Câmara dos Deputados, concluído em novembro de 2009. Banca examinadora formada pelos Professores Eduardo Fernandez Silva, orientador e José Roberto Afonso, examinador.

Observações preliminares sobre a proposta orçamentária para 2011 : aspectos fiscais : receitas

Consultoria de Orçamento e Fiscalização Financeira - Núcleo de Assuntos Econômico-Fiscais.

A proposta da nova Lei do parcelamento do solo urbano : pontos principais

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial, Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.

Viabilidade técnica de proposta de emenda à Constituição que submeta a criação de áreas naturais protegidas à aprovação do Congresso Nacional

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial, Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.