Geschichte der sozialen Politik und des Armenwesens im Zeitalter der Reformation, besonders in Deutschland : Teil I: Reformen und Ideen bis 1526.

Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat zu Berlin.

Un lettre italien à la cour d'Espagne (1488-1526) : Pierre Martyr d'Anghera, sa vie et ses oeuvres.

Thèse - Faculté des lettres de Paris.

CIL 3.566 – Dedication for Q. Minucius Rufus

Squeeze, photograph and notes by A.E. Gordon

CIL 3.314203, 23 – Dedication of M. Minucius Rufus

Squeeze, photograph and notes by A.E. Gordon

CIL 3.6072 – Dedication to M. Calpurnius Rufus

Photographs

CIL 3.7238 – Inscribed statue base for Q. Pompeius Rufus

Photograph and notes by A.E. Gordon

Los judeoconversos y los Duques de Medina Sidonia (1471-1555). Estado de la cuestión y líneas de trabajo

En este artículo planteamos, en primer lugar, una revisión de lo que hasta la fecha sabemos sobre la relación entre la casa ducal de Medina Sidonia y los conversos en un periodo crucial para la historia de esta minoría. En segundo lugar, a partir del cruce de la información aportada por las crónicas del siglo XV con las últimas aportaciones historiográficas sobre la cuestión, vamos a tratar de arrojar algo de luz tanto sobre los ritmos temporales de esa aproximación como sobre el nivel de integración de tal minoría en el ámbito señorial, para terminar señalando algunas hipótesis y líneas de trabajo de futuro sobre esta cuestión.

A conquista de Arzila pelos Portugueses : 1471

Em 1471 D. Afonso V (1432-1481), rei de Portugal, decidiu voltar ao Norte de África para dar continuidade à política de expansão africana da Coroa. O alvo escolhido foi Arzila e, em Agosto de 1471, a vila foi conquistada por uma hoste portuguesa que contou com 23.000 homens de combate. Pouco estudada pela historiografia, a conquista de Arzila é meritória de um lugar de destaque fruto da sua singularidade. Foi uma campanha meticulosamente planeada que incluiu a compra de toneladas de mantimentos e armas e o recrutamento da maior hoste até então levantada em Portugal. As consequências da queda de Arzila perduraram no tempo: Tânger foi abandonada dias depois e o tratado de tréguas assinado com o sultanato de Fez consolidou presença portuguesa na região, tendo esta permanecido imperturbável até ao início do século XVI, e permitiu a D. Afonso V abandonar de vez os campos de batalha norte-africanos e dar azo às suas ambições castelhanas. O presente estudo insere-se numa lacuna historiográfica face à pouca atenção que a conquista de Arzila granjeou, até ao momento, por parte dos historiadores portugueses. Assim sendo, é estudada não apenas a conquista de Arzila, enquanto acontecimento limitado ao mês de Agosto de 1471, mas também todos os preparativos que foram levados a cabo para permitirem o sucesso da campanha, bem como as consequências da queda de Arzila, mais prolongadas no tempo. Esse estudo é escorado não só nos relatos cronísticos mas também noutras fontes de tipo narrativo e na documentação de chancelaria. É através do cruzamento das várias fontes que é possível detectar e corrigir determinadas lacunas dos cronistas e dos historiadores que os seguiram.

Bayesian versus frequentist statistical inference for investi gating a one-off cancer cluster reported to a health department

Background The problem of silent multiple comparisons is one of the most difficult statistical problems faced by scientists. It is a particular problem for investigating a one-off cancer cluster reported to a health department because any one of hundreds, or possibly thousands, of neighbourhoods, schools, or workplaces could have reported a cluster, which could have been for any one of several types of cancer or any one of several time periods. Methods This paper contrasts the frequentist approach with a Bayesian approach for dealing with silent multiple comparisons in the context of a one-off cluster reported to a health department. Two published cluster investigations were re-analysed using the Dunn-Sidak method to adjust frequentist p-values and confidence intervals for silent multiple comparisons. Bayesian methods were based on the Gamma distribution. Results Bayesian analysis with non-informative priors produced results similar to the frequentist analysis, and suggested that both clusters represented a statistical excess. In the frequentist framework, the statistical significance of both clusters was extremely sensitive to the number of silent multiple comparisons, which can only ever be a subjective "guesstimate". The Bayesian approach is also subjective: whether there is an apparent statistical excess depends on the specified prior. Conclusion In cluster investigations, the frequentist approach is just as subjective as the Bayesian approach, but the Bayesian approach is less ambitious in that it treats the analysis as a synthesis of data and personal judgements (possibly poor ones), rather than objective reality. Bayesian analysis is (arguably) a useful tool to support complicated decision-making, because it makes the uncertainty associated with silent multiple comparisons explicit.

The NOURISH randomised control trial : positive feeding practices and food preferences in early childhood - a primary prevention program for childhood obesity

Background Primary prevention of childhood overweight is an international priority. In Australia 20-25% of 2-8 year olds are already overweight. These children are at substantially increased the risk of becoming overweight adults, with attendant increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Early feeding practices determine infant exposure to food (type, amount, frequency) and include responses (eg coercion) to infant feeding behaviour (eg. food refusal). There is correlational evidence linking parenting style and early feeding practices to child eating behaviour and weight status. A focus on early feeding is consistent with the national focus on early childhood as the foundation for life-long health and well being. The NOURISH trial aims to implement and evaluate a community-based intervention to promote early feeding practices that will foster healthy food preferences and intake and preserve the innate capacity to self-regulate food intake in young children. Methods/Design This randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to recruit 820 first-time mothers and their healthy term infants. A consecutive sample of eligible mothers will be approached postnatally at major maternity hospitals in Brisbane and Adelaide. Initial consent will be for re-contact for full enrolment when the infants are 4-7 months old. Individual mother- infant dyads will be randomised to usual care or the intervention. The intervention will provide anticipatory guidance via two modules of six fortnightly parent education and peer support group sessions, each followed by six months of regular maintenance contact. The modules will commence when the infants are aged 4-7 and 13-16 months to coincide with establishment of solid feeding, and autonomy and independence, respectively. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, with follow up at nine and 18 months. These will include infant intake (type and amount of foods), food preferences, feeding behaviour and growth and self-reported maternal feeding practices and parenting practices and efficacy. Covariates will include sociodemographics, infant feeding mode and temperament, maternal weight status and weight concern and child care exposure. Discussion Despite the strong rationale to focus on parents’ early feeding practices as a key determinant of child food preferences, intake and self-regulatory capacity, prospective longitudinal and intervention studies are rare. This trial will be amongst to provide Level II evidence regarding the impact of an intervention (commencing prior to age 12 months) on children’s eating patterns and behaviours. Trial Registration: ACTRN12608000056392

Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl mineral natrouranospinite (Na2,Ca)[(UO2)(AsO4)]2•5H2O

Raman spectra of natrouranospinite complemented with infrared spectra were studied and related to the structure of the mineral. Observed bands were assigned to the stretching and bending vibrations of (UO2)2+ and (AsO4)3- units and of water molecules. U-O bond lengths in uranyl and O-H…O hydrogen bond lengths were calculated from the Raman and infrared spectra.

Telcagepant is a new oral treatment for migraine

Background : Migraine is a common cause of disability. Many subjects (30 – 40%) do not respond to the 5-HT 1B/1D agonists (the triptans) commonly used in the treatment of migraine attacks. Calcitonin gene-related protein (CGRP) receptor antagonism is a new approach to the treatment of migraine attacks. Objectives/methods : This evaluation is of a Phase III clinical trial comparing telcagepant, an orally active CGRP receptor antagonist, with zolmitriptan in subjects during an attack of migraine. Results : Telcagepant 300 mg has a similar efficacy to zolmitriptan in relieving pain, phonophobia, photophobia, and nausea. Telcagepant was better tolerated than zolmitriptan. Conclusions : The initial Phase III clinical trial results with telcagepant are promising but several further clinical trials are needed to determine the place of telcagepant in the treatment of migraine attacks

HABITAT : a longitudinal multilevel study of physical acitvity change in mid-aged adults

Purpose. To explore the role of the neighborhood environment in supporting walking Design. Cross sectional study of 10,286 residents of 200 neighborhoods. Participants were selected using a stratified two-stage cluster design. Data were collected by mail survey (68.5% response rate). Setting. The Brisbane City Local Government Area, Australia, 2007. Subjects. Brisbane residents aged 40 to 65 years. Measures. Environmental: street connectivity, residential density, hilliness, tree coverage, bikeways, and street lights within a one kilometer circular buffer from each resident’s home; and network distance to nearest river or coast, public transport, shop, and park. Walking: minutes in the previous week categorized as < 30 minutes, ≥ 30 < 90 minutes, ≥ 90 < 150 minutes, ≥ 150 < 300 minutes, and ≥ 300 minutes. Analysis. The association between each neighborhood characteristic and walking was examined using multilevel multinomial logistic regression and the model parameters were estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Results. After adjustment for individual factors, the likelihood of walking for more than 300 minutes (relative to <30 minutes) was highest in areas with the most connectivity (OR=1.93, 99% CI 1.32-2.80), the greatest residential density (OR=1.47, 99% CI 1.02-2.12), the least tree coverage (OR=1.69, 99% CI 1.13-2.51), the most bikeways (OR=1.60, 99% CI 1.16-2.21), and the most street lights (OR=1.50, 99% CI 1.07-2.11). The likelihood of walking for more than 300 minutes was also higher among those who lived closest to a river or the coast (OR=2.06, 99% CI 1.41-3.02). Conclusion. The likelihood of meeting (and exceeding) physical activity recommendations on the basis of walking was higher in neighborhoods with greater street connectivity and residential density, more street lights and bikeways, closer proximity to waterways, and less tree coverage. Interventions targeting these neighborhood characteristics may lead to improved environmental quality as well as lower rates of overweight and obesity and associated chromic disease.