Design, operation and economics of a small-scale hatchery for the larval rearing of sugpo, Penaeus monodon Fab.

One of the major problems in the mass production of sugpo is how to obtain a constant supply of fry. Since ultimately it is the private sector which should produce the sugpo fry to fill the needs of the industry, the Barangay Hatchery Project under the Prawn Program of the Aquaculture Department of SEAFDEC has scaled down the hatchery technology from large tanks to a level which can be adopted by the private sector, especially in the villages, with a minimum of financial and technical inputs. This guide to small-scale hatchery operations is expected to generate more enthusiasm among fish farmers interested in venturing into sugpo culture.

Intercultural leadership and negotiation

This project will examine cultural differences and dimensions and how they affect negotiations and intercultural management. It is necessary to consider that the cultural characteristics of each society, which in turn is made of different individuals, make intercultural relations complex and with many subtleties. We will apply these proposals to draw a comparison between Spain and two Southeast Asian countries: India and Sri Lanka using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions.This project will examine cultural differences and dimensions and how they affect negotiations and intercultural management. It is necessary to consider that the cultural characteristics of each society, which in turn is made of different individuals, make intercultural relations complex and with many subtleties. We will apply these proposals to draw a comparison between Spain and two Southeast Asian countries: India and Sri Lanka using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions.

The impact of economic crises on social inequalities in health: what do we know so far?

Since 2008, Western countries are going through a deep economic crisis whose health impacts seem to be fundamentally counter-cyclical: when economic conditions worsen, so does health, and mortality tends to rise. While a growing number of studies have presented evidence on the effect of crises on the average population health, a largely neglected aspect of research is the impact of crises and the related political responses on social inequalities in health, even if the negative consequences of the crises are primarily borne by the most disadvantaged populations. This commentary will reflect on the results of the studies that have analyzed the effect of economic crises on social inequalities in health up to 2013. With some exceptions, the studies show an increase in health inequalities during crises, especially during the Southeast Asian and Japanese crises and the Soviet Union crisis, although it is not always evident for both sexes or all health or socioeconomic variables. In the Nordic countries during the nineties, a clear worsening of health equity did not occur. Results about the impacts of the current economic recession on health equity are still inconsistent. Some of the factors that could explain this variability in results are the role of welfare state policies, the diversity of time periods used in the analyses, the heterogeneity of socioeconomic and health variables considered, the changes in the socioeconomic profile of the groups under comparison in times of crises, and the type of measures used to analyze the magnitude of social inequalities in health. Social epidemiology should further collaborate with other disciplines to help produce more accurate and useful evidence about the relationship between crises and health equity.

Integração regional no leste asiático: ASEAN, ASEAN+3 e a disputa pela liderança regional

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as relações internacionais no Leste Asiático tendo como foco principal a pesquisa do fenômeno da integração regional e da disputa pela liderança na região através dos mecanismos de integração, por suas principais potências locais, China e Japão. A Associação dos Países do Sudeste Asiático (ASEAN) e seu desdobramento estrutural, a ASEAN+3 que inclui os dez países membros da associação além dos três países mais influentes do Nordeste Asiático, China, Japão e Coréia do Sul, são o objeto da pesquisa, uma vez que por serem os principais mecanismos de integração da região, estão mais sujeitos a vivenciar a concorrência chinesa e japonesa pelo papel de principal ator e líder regional. A crescente importância dos mecanismos de integração do Leste Asiático decorrente da maior integração que vem adquirindo, uma integração com particularidades únicas e bem distintas da União Europeia, traz o aumento da representatividade da região no mundo e de seus países membros dentro da região. Este tipo de destaque adquirido por este padrão de arcabouço regional, que proporciona crescimento das trocas comerciais na região e de seu desenvolvimento, passou a atrair as potências regionais por se constituir em um importante e interessante instrumento de política regional. Os Estados japonês e chinês possuem problemas históricos de longa data, o que traz maior desconfiança e instabilidade para a região, e aumenta a competição entre os dois atores por maior influência nos grupos de integração regional, acreditando ser possível através desta manobra alcançar a liderança regional. Deste modo, o que esta dissertação pretende mostrar é: a forma como japoneses e chineses se utilizam dos mecanismos de integração regional com a ASEAN e a ASEAN+3 em evidência para perpetuar sua política na região como forma de alcançar o poder; apresentar quais os objetivos, benefícios e interesses em se tornar o líder regional; e apontar qual país tem maior potencial em se tornar líder e através de que tipo de liderança.

Freshwater pearl culture in India

Freshwater pearl culture is growing as a source of employment and income in many Southeast Asian countries. Bangladesh, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam have initiated freshwater pearl culture projects in recent years. In India, the Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture is carrying out research on identification of suitable local pearl mussel species (Genera Lamellidens)defining appropriate surgical implantation procedures, developing post-operative care procedures and captive pond culture of mussels.

Integration of aquaculture and agriculture: a route to sustainable farming systems

The integration of agriculture and aquaculture as a means of intensifying resource use and improving the productivity of many current farming practices in Southeast Asian and African countries is discussed. A brief account is given of work undertaken by ICLARM in Malawi and India regarding the improved use of marginal lands to integrate crops, vegetables, trees, livestock and fish, outlining also the various problems involved in the extension of such integrated fish farming systems.

Global distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroup C reveals the prehistoric migration routes of African exodus and early settlement in East Asia

The regional distribution of an ancient Y-chromosome haplogroup C-M130 (Hg C) in Asia provides an ideal tool of dissecting prehistoric migration events. We identified 465 Hg C individuals out of 4284 males from 140 East and Southeast Asian populations. We genotyped these Hg C individuals using 12 Y-chromosome biallelic markers and 8 commonly used Y-short tandem repeats (Y-STRs), and performed phylogeographic analysis in combination with the published data. The results show that most of the Hg C subhaplogroups have distinct geographical distribution and have undergone long-time isolation, although Hg C individuals are distributed widely across Eurasia. Furthermore, a general south-to-north and east-to-west cline of Y-STR diversity is observed with the highest diversity in Southeast Asia. The phylogeographic distribution pattern of Hg C supports a single coastal 'Out-of-Africa' route by way of the Indian subcontinent, which eventually led to the early settlement of modern humans in mainland Southeast Asia. The northward expansion of Hg C in East Asia started similar to 40 thousand of years ago (KYA) along the coastline of mainland China and reached Siberia similar to 15 KYA and finally made its way to the Americas. Journal of Human Genetics (2010) 55, 428-435; doi:10.1038/jhg.2010.40; published online 7 May 2010

Report of the Fisheries Statistics Working Group Meeting, Medan, Indonesia, 19-20 March, 2012

Statistics and data overviews from the eight member countries. Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center(SEAFDEC)overview and activities since 2010. Statistics working group recommendations and workplan

Shrimp pond culture in the Philippines

The document reviews and evaluates the development of shrimp culture in the Philippines. It also discusses the ecological and socioeconomic effects of shrimp culture industry in the country.

Shrimp culture and the environment

The paper discusses the impacts of shrimp culture to the environment in some countries in Asia. Specifically, it highlights the land requirements suitable for shrimp farming and the impacts of shrimp culture on mangroves. The positive effects of mangroves such as its filtering capacity and as a protective buffer are also discussed.

Mangroves to aquaculture

The paper discusses the recommended strategies regarding the further conversion of mangrove forests to fishponds and the management of existing fishponds for the culture of various aquatic species based on economic feasibility analysis. Strategy for the management of Philippine mangrove and the guidelines for the selection of mangrove areas for preservation, conservation and fishpond development are also presented.

What needs to be done?: Guide in mangrove reforestation

The article presents a two-part guideline in mangrove reforestation. The first part is zonation, which is the process of determining what species are particularly suited to plant in a particular site. While, plantation establishment is the second part, it includes guides in the identification of species, selection of planting site, preparation of the planting sites, seed collection, handling and transporting of seeds, and planting.

Beginnings: SEAFDEC/AQD, CFRM, and Malalison Island

The paper documents the community fishery resources management activities of Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department (SEAFDEC/AQD) in Malalison Island, Antique, Philippines.

CRM in the Philippines: Lessons learned

Philippine coastal communities can become capable fishery resource managers and that their management practices can become largely self-sustaining if the project approach focuses on assisting fishermen to learn how to help themselves. Community organization is an essential part of the process and should not be viewed as an end product in itself. There are also no quick fixes, and projects require a complex array of activities if large numbers of coastal residents are to be assisted. In some of these projects, the control of illegal fishing combined with limiting of commercial fishing to offshore areas and good coastal habitat management resulted in a doubling of daily fish catch and income for small-scale fishermen. However, even with the best of management, the total fishery harvest is limited and further increases in individual fishing income can only come from reducing total fishing effort. This will require a system of control on access to the resource to limit the number and kind of fishing gears and to divide the resource equitably. Assisting coastal communities to devise and implement realistic equitable access controls is the major challenge facing coastal resource co-management.