Analysis of modified bowtie nanoantennas in the excitation and emission regimes

In this work, we analyze modified bowtie nanoantennas with polynomial sides in the excitation and emission regimes. In the excitation regime, the antennas are illuminated by an incident plane wave, and in the emission regime, the excitation is fulfilled by infinitesimal electric dipole positioned in the gap of the nanoantennas. Several antennas with different sizes and polynomial order were numerically analyzed by method of moments. The results show that these novel antennas possess a controllable resonance by the polynomial order and good characteristics of near field enhancement and confinement for applications in enhancement of spontaneous emission of a single molecule.

Jovens urbanos dos povos da Amazônia na cidade de Belém/PA

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Proposta de otimização para reflorestamento de eucalipto utilizando multiprodutos

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

As passagens do sagrado: da mercadoria ao ex-voto no Santuário Nacional de Nossa Senhora Aparecida/Brasil

This article reflects on the votive objects exhibited in the room of promises situated in the National Sanctuary of Nossa Senhora da Conceição Aparecida, located in the city named Aparecida (São Paulo, Brazil). At the sanctuary, there is an area to receive and exhibit votive offerings, which are donated as payment or to initiate a relationship of faith. This article’s aim is to understand how, from entering the room of promises, the votive object is selected and receives new directions, within the Sanctuary or outside it. Nonetheless, a small number are kept in this specific room dedicated to votive offerings. These objects become documents, social agents, because they reveal stabilization within associative relationships. With the help of readings from Information Science and other areas, and after carrying out ethnographic research over three years, this article shows how the materiality of information is indispensable for apprehending the relationship between society and information. Through contact with the votive offerings, the visitor establishes inferences, interpretations, which assist in comprehending the space, faith, and Nossa Senhora da Conceição Aparecida.

O que é um lar? Revisão do conceito histórico de nação em Paradise (1997), de Toni Morrison, e em Rosa Maria Egipcíaca da Vera Cruz (1997), de Heloisa Maranhão

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Taxonomic studies on Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae) - nomenclatural notes

(Taxonomic studies on Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae) - nomenclatural notes). Gloxinia L'Her. is a genus that has undergone major changes since the reorganization of the tribe Gloxinieae in the last few decades. We here designate 15 lectotypes, indicate six illegitimate superfluous names, and propose one new combination for this group; comments about three species with uncertain identities are also included.

Ownership, Multiple Blockholders and Performance: A study of the Indonesian Banking Industry

The objective of this study is to provide empirical evidence on how ownership structure and owner’s identity affect performance, in the banking industry by using a panel of Indonesia banks over the period 2000–2009. Firstly, we analysed the impact of the presence of multiple blockholders on bank ownership structure and performance. Building on multiple agency and principal-principal theories, we investigated whether the presence and shares dispersion across blockholders with different identities (i.e. central and regional government; families; foreign banks and financial institutions) affected bank performance, in terms of profitability and efficiency. We found that the number of blockholders has a negative effect on banks’ performance, while blockholders’ concentration has a positive effect. Moreover, we observed that the dispersion of ownership across different types of blockholders has a negative effect on banks’ performance. We interpret such results as evidence that, when heterogeneous blockholders are present, the disadvantage from conflicts of interests between blockholders seems to outweigh the advantage of the increase in additional monitoring by additional blockholder. Secondly, we conducted a joint analysis of the static, selection, and dynamic effects of different types of ownership on banks’ performance. We found that regional banks and foreign banks have a higher profitability and efficiency as compared to domestic private banks. In the short-run, foreign acquisitions and domestic M&As reduce the level of overhead costs, while in the long-run they increase the Net Interest Margin (NIM). Further, we analysed NIM determinants, to asses the impact of ownership on bank business orientation. Our findings lend support to our prediction that the NIM determinants differs accordingly to the type of bank ownership. We also observed that banks that experienced changes in ownership, such as foreign-acquired banks, manifest different interest margin determinants with respect to domestic or foreign banks that did not experience ownership rearrangements.

Il patrimonio culturale per la dinamizzazione dell'economia territoriale: Il riconoscimento dell'indicazione geografica "Vale do Paraiba Fluminense" ad un caffè con identità culturale

Le Indicazioni Geografiche (IG) giocano un ruolo importante nella crescita economica e nello sviluppo territoriale rurale quando una determinata qualità di prodotto, reputazione o altra caratteristica del prodotto siano attribuibili essenzialmente alla sua origine geografica. In questa ricerca si è verificato la possibilità di valorizzare la regione del Brasile denominata Vale do Paraiba Fluminense, soprannominata “Vale do Café” e di mettere in luce le potenzialità del caffè come prodotto di qualità, sostenibile sotto il profilo ambientale e sociale: un vero e proprio patrimonio culturale che può rivelarsi una valida risorsa economica per il territorio. Nella prima fase dell'indagine è stata realizzata la ricerca a tavolino e sul campo fondata sulle fonti bibliografiche; nella seconda fase è stata applicata la Metodologia Partecipativa della FAO per identificare il collegamento dell’area di origine e del prodotto locale ed il suo potenziale di sviluppo con le risorse locali attraverso questionari on line. Nell’analisi qualitativa sono stati intervistati rappresentanti delle differenti categorie di stakeholder per arricchire il quadro sul contesto storico della regione. Infine, nella parte quantitativa sono stati applicati dei questionari ai consumatori di caffè del territorio. A conclusione della ricerca il territorio potrebbe reintrodurre un caffè storico, simbolo della ricchezza e decadenza di quella regione come elemento di potenziale economico locale, sfruttando la parte immateriale delle aziende agricole storiche, rilocalizzando il prodotto nella memoria locale, riavvicinando la popolazione alla sua storia e principalmente sensibilizzandola del valore del nome geografico “Vale do Paraiba Fluminense” o “Vale do Café” relazionata alla storia della regione, e del prodotto caffè che si propone rilanciare a favore del territorio, rilocalizzando il nome geografico.

Isolierung, Charakterisierung und Nachweis methanogener Archaea aus laufenden Praxis-NawaRo-Biogasanlagen unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Gattung Methanobacterium

Im Verlauf der Forschungsarbeit wurden Proben aus fünf, mit nachwachsenden Rohstoffen (NawaRo) beschickten, landwirtschaftlichen Biogasanlagen (BGA) auf die Biozönose methanogener Archaea hin molekularbiologisch untersucht. Über „amplified rDNA restriction analysis“-Screening (ARDRA) von Bibliotheken auf Basis von 16S rRNA-Genfragmenten konnte anhand zweier beispielhafter BGA das Vorkommen von Vertretern der Gattungen Methanoculleus (Mcu.), Methanobacterium (Mb.), Methanosarcina (Msc.) und Methanosaeta (Mst.) nachgewiesen werden. Mittels denaturierender Gradienten-Gelelektrophorese (DGGE) wurde das Vorkommen dieser Mikroorganismen auch in den übrigen Anlagen gezeigt. Ergänzend dazu wurde in drei Anlagen Methanospirillum hungatei nachgewiesen. Nach Ausarbeitung gattungsspezifischer Isolierungsstrategien konnten insgesamt zehn Vertreter der Gattung Methanobacterium (Isolate Mb1 bis Mb10) und jeweils ein Vertreter der Gattungen Methanoculleus (Isolat Mcu(1)), Methanosarcina (Isolat NieKK) und Methanosaeta (Isolat Mst1.3) aus den BGA-Proben isoliert werden. Durch in silico-Abgleich der partiellen 16S rRNA-Gensequenzen wurden diese als Verwandte von Mb. formicicum MFT, Mcu. bourgensis MS2T, Msc. mazei S-6T und Mst. concilii FE mit einer Sequenzidentität > 97% identifiziert. Im Laufe weiterer molekularbiologischer Untersuchungen mittels DGGE und ARDRA-Analyse konnten die Isolate den Referenzstämmen zugeordnet werden. In Bezug auf die Gattung Methanobacterium ergaben sich jedoch leichte Abweichungen. Diese bestätigten sich in vergleichenden Analysen des genomischen Fingerabdrucks in der „specifically amplified polymorphic DNA“-PCR (SAPD-PCR), welche im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erstmalig erfolgreich auf archaeelle Organismen angewandt wurde. Hier zeigten die Isolate zwei von den Fingerabdrücken der untersuchten Referenzstämme verschiedene Hauptamplifikationsmuster. Aufgrund der Vielzahl der Isolate sowie dem signifikanten Vorkommen in qPCR-Analysen und Klonbibliotheken fokussierten sich die weiteren Arbeiten zur genauen Untersuchung dieser Abweichungen auf phylogenetische Analysen der Gattung Methanobacterium und die Entwicklung von Nachweissystemen. Die Aufklärung eines Großteils der 23S rRNA-Gensequenzen der Isolate und von ausgewählten Typstämmen ermöglichte ergänzende phylogenetische Untersuchungen zu durchgeführten 16S rRNA-Analysen. Dabei wurden die Isolate jeweils in einem eigenen Cluster abseits der meisten Referenzstämme aus der Gattung Methanobacterium positioniert. Analog zur Musterbildung im Rahmen der SAPD-Analyse zeigte sich eine Differenzierung in zwei Äste und ergab in Übereinstimmung mit den in silico-Sequenzabgleichen den höchsten Verwandtschaftsgrad mit Mb. formicicum MFT. Die Eignung der SAPD-PCR zur Ableitung spezifischer Primerpaare konnte erstmals auch für methanogene Archaea gezeigt werden. Die Ableitung zweier Primerpaare mit Spezifität für die Methanobacterium-Isolate Mb1 bis Mb10 sowie für den Typstamm Mb. formicicum MFT gelang und konnte im Rahmen eines Direkt-PCR-Nachweises erfolgreich auf Reinkulturen und Fermenterproben angewandt werden. Unter Einbezug der sequenzierten 23S rRNA-Genfragmente gelang die Erstellung von Oligonukleotid-Sonden für den Einsatz in Fluoreszenz in situ-Hybridisierungsexperimenten. Im Praxistest ergab sich für diese Sonden eine Spezifität für alle getesteten Vertreter der Gattung Methanobacterium sowie für Methanosphaera stadtmanae MCB-3T und Methanobrevibacter smithii PST.rnSomit konnten im Laufe der Arbeit die dominanten methanogenen Archaea in NawaRo-BGA in mehrphasigen Experimenten nachgewiesen, quantifiziert und auf nur wenige Gattungen eingegrenzt werden. Vertreter der vier dominanten Gattungen wurden isoliert und Nachweissysteme für Arten der Gattung Methanobacterium erstellt.rn

Stejnulxin, a novel snake C-type lectin-like protein from Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom is a potent platelet agonist acting specifically via GPVI

Stejnulxin, a novel snake C-type lectin-like protein with potent platelet activating activity, was purified and characterized from Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom. Under non-reducing conditions, it migrated on a SDS-polyacrylamide gel with an apparent molecular mass of 120 kDa. On reduction, it separated into three polypeptide subunits with apparent molecular masses of 16 kDa (alpha), 20 kDa (beta1) and 22 kDa (beta2), respectively. The complete amino acid sequences of its subunits were deduced from cloned cDNAs. The N-terminal sequencing and cDNA cloning indicated that beta1 and beta2 subunits of stejnulxin have identical amino acid sequences and each contains two N-glycosylation sites. Accordingly, the molecular mass difference between beta1 and beta2 is caused by glycosylation heterogenity. The subunit amino acid sequences of stejnulxin are similar to those of convulxin, with sequence identities of 52.6% and 66.4% for the alpha and beta, respectively. Stejnulxin induced human platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Antibodies against alphaIIbbeta3 inhibited the aggregation response to stejnulxin, indicating that activation of alphaIIbbeta3 and binding of fibrinogen are involved in stejnulxin-induced platelet aggregation. Antibodies against GPIbalpha or alpha2beta1 as well as echicetin or rhodocetin had no significant effect on stejnulxin-induced platelet aggregation. However, platelet activation induced by stejnulxin was blocked by anti-GPVI antibodies. In addition, stejnulxin induced a tyrosine phosphorylation profile in platelets that resembled that produced by convulxin. Biotinylated stejnulxin bound specifically to platelet membrane GPVI.

Approaching Migrant Youth Marginalization through the Capabilities Approach: Methodological Proposals

Adopting the capabilities approach and the terminology that has been respectively developed, we could assume that Amartya Sen’s “capabilities” consist in the actual living that people manage to achieve (“functionings”) as a result of actual free will. Sen’s freedom does not “only [depend on the] mere degree of the presence or absence of coercion or interference (from others)” (Otto and Ziegler 2006) but also on “the range of options a person has in deciding what kind of life to lead” (Dreze and Sen 1995, 10). In his book, Identity and Violence, Sen, without explicitly connecting the capabilities approach with his views on “genuine multiculturalis” (Sen 2007), in fact, introduces this extended conception of freedom in the way we examine identity matters. Since freedom becomes perceptible as the range of options a person has, concerning the kind of life he wishes to live, cultural freedom can be defined through the concept of the multiplicity of belonging. In other words, cultural freedom constitutes itself a capability, which is realized when nothing and no one, not even myself, can tie me down to a kind of cultural rigidity that tends to exclude and marginalize me. This latent connection of “capabilities” with “multiple identities” (Sen 2007) challenges us to search for the contribution Sen’s approach could have in the understanding and confrontation of issues concerning migrants, away from theoretical patterns that overemphasize the cultural otherness as an impediment to inclusion. Besides, Sen himself, without of course focusing exclusively on migrants, has already approached the matter of social exclusion with terms of his capabilities approach (Sen 2000).

A genomic perspective on a new bacterial genus and species from the Alcaligenaceae family, Basilea psittacipulmonis

BACKGROUND A novel Gram-negative, non-haemolytic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium was discovered in the lungs of a dead parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) that was kept in captivity in a petshop in Basel, Switzerland. The organism is described with a chemotaxonomic profile and the nearly complete genome sequence obtained through the assembly of short sequence reads. RESULTS Genome sequence analysis and characterization of respiratory quinones, fatty acids, polar lipids, and biochemical phenotype is presented here. Comparison of gene sequences revealed that the most similar species is Pelistega europaea, with BLAST identities of only 93% to the 16S rDNA gene, 76% identity to the rpoB gene, and a similar GC content (~43%) as the organism isolated from the parakeet, DSM 24701 (40%). The closest full genome sequences are those of Bordetella spp. and Taylorella spp. High-throughput sequencing reads from the Illumina-Solexa platform were assembled with the Edena de novo assembler to form 195 contigs comprising the ~2 Mb genome. Genome annotation with RAST, construction of phylogenetic trees with the 16S rDNA (rrs) gene sequence and the rpoB gene, and phylogenetic placement using other highly conserved marker genes with ML Tree all suggest that the bacterial species belongs to the Alcaligenaceae family. Analysis of samples from cages with healthy parakeets suggested that the newly discovered bacterial species is not widespread in parakeet living quarters. CONCLUSIONS Classification of this organism in the current taxonomy system requires the formation of a new genus and species. We designate the new genus Basilea and the new species psittacipulmonis. The type strain of Basilea psittacipulmonis is DSM 24701 (= CIP 110308 T, 16S rDNA gene sequence Genbank accession number JX412111 and GI 406042063).

(Table 1) Circulating levels of TT3 and TT4, and age, length, girth, and estimated body mass in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from East Greenland 1999-2001

We investigated the multivariate relationships between adipose tissue residue levels of 48 individual organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) and circulating thyroid hormone (TH) levels in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from East Greenland (1999-2001, n = 62), using projection to latent structure (PLS) regression for four groupings of polar bears; subadults (SubA), adult females with cubs (AdF_N), adult females without cubs (AdF_S) and adult males (AdM). In the resulting significant PLS models for SubA, AdF_N and AdF_S, some OHCs were especially important in explaining variations in circulating TH levels: polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE)-99, PBDE-100, PBDE-153, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-52, PCB-118, cis-nonachlor, trans-nonachlor, trichlorobenzene (TCB) and pentachlorobenzene (QCB), and both negative and positive relationships with THs were found. In addition, the models revealed that DDTs had a positive influence on total 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (TT3) in AdF_S, and that a group of 17 higher chlorinated ortho-PCBs had a positive influence on total 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine, TT4) in AdF_N. TH levels in AdM seemed less influenced by OHCs because of non-significant PLS models. TH levels were also influenced by biological factors such as age, sex, body size, lipid content of adipose tissue and sampling date. When controlling for biological variables, the major relationships from the PLS models for SubA, AdF_N and AdF_S were found significant in partial correlations. The most important OHCs that influenced TH levels in the significant PLS models may potentially act through similar mechanisms on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, suggesting that both combined effects by dose and response addition and perhaps synergistic potentiation may be a possibility in these polar bears. Statistical associations are not evidence per se of biological cause-effect relationships. Still, the results of the present study indicate that OHCs may affect circulating TH levels in East Greenland polar bears, adding to the "weight of evidence" suggesting that OHCs might interfere with thyroid homeostasis in polar bears.

Mobilities, Entanglements, Transformations. Outline of a Research Project on Pottery Practices in Neolithic Wetland Sites of the Swiss Plateau

A large number of later Neolithic sites (3900–3500BC) in Switzerland, Southern Germany and Eastern France offer outstandingly well preserved archaeological materials from cultural layers. Due to the wide use of dendrochronology, settlement remains and artefact assemblages can now be placed into a precise and fixed chronological framework, thus presenting a unique case within prehistoric archaeology. In earlier research, chronological and regional units were constructed on the basis of pottery. These spacial and temporal units of typical pottery sets were understood as Neolithic cultures, as culturally more or less homogenous entities connected with (ethnic) identities. Today, with a larger data corpus of excavated settlements at hand, we can begin to understand that this period of the past was in fact characterised by a multitude of cultural entanglements and transformations. This is indicated by the occurrence of local and non-local pottery styles in one and the same settlement: for example typically local Cortaillod pottery is found together with NMB-styled pottery in settlements at Lake Neuchâtel or Michelsberg pottery is regularly occurring in settlements at Lake Constance where Pfyn pottery style is the typical local one. These and many more examples show that there must have been complex entanglements of social ties expanding between Eastern France, Southern Germany and the Swiss Plateau. Given these circumstances the former notions of Neolithic culture should be critically revised. Therefore, in late 2014, the Prehistoric Archaeology Department at the Archaeological Institute of University of Berne started a four-year research project funded by Swiss National Science Foundation in late 2014: ‘Mobilities, Entanglements and Transformations in Neolithic Societies of the Swiss Plateau (3900-3500 BC)’. It’s objective is to address the topic sketched above by adopting a mixed methods research (MMR)-design combining qualitative and quantitative approaches from archaeology and archaeometry. The approach is theoretically based on Pierre Bourdieu’s reflexive sociology and his concept of habitus but includes further concepts of practice theories. By shifting the focus to the movement of people, ideas and things – to pottery production practices in contexts of mobility – a deeper understanding of the transformative capacities of encounters can be achieved. This opens the path for new insights of Neolithic societies including social, cultural and economic dynamics that were underestimated in former research.

Efecto sobre el rendimiento productivo y calidad de la canal de la inclusión de guisantes (Pisum sativum) y alberjón (Vicia narbonensis) en el pienso de lechones y cerdos de cebo

Las leguminosas grano presentan un perfil nutricional de gran interés para alimentación de ganado porcino, debido principalmente a su elevado contenido proteico. Sin embargo, la presencia de factores antinutritivos (FAN), que según el género difieren en calidad y cantidad, condiciona la absorción de la proteína, el nutriente más valorado. El objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral ha sido el estudio del efecto de los principales FAN de guisante y alberjón sobre el rendimiento productivo, de canal y de piezas nobles, cuando sustituyen a la soja, parcial o totalmente, durante la fase estárter y el periodo de engorde de cerdos grasos. Con este motivo se llevaron a cabo 4 ensayos con machos castrados y la misma línea genética: híbrido Duroc x (Landrace x Large white). En el ensayo 1, se estudió la influencia de distintos niveles de inhibidores de proteasas (IP) en el pienso sobre la productividad de lechones durante la fase estárter (40 a 61 días de edad). Para ello, se utilizaron tres variedades de guisantes de invierno que contenían diferentes cantidades de IP, tanto de tripsina (IT) como de quimotripsina (IQ) [unidades de tripsina inhibida/mg (UTI), unidades de quimotripsina inhibida/mg (UQI): 9,87- 10,16, 5,75-8,62 y 12,55-15,75, para guisantes Cartouche, Iceberg y Luna, respectivamente] más elevadas que en la harina de soja 47 (HnaS) y en la soja extrusionada (SE) (UTI/mg - UQI/mg: 0,61-3,56 y 2,36-4,65, para HnaS y SE, respectivamente). El diseño experimental fue al azar, con cuatro tratamientos dietéticos que diferían en las fuentes proteicas y en la cantidad de IP, enfrentando un pienso control de soja a otros tres piensos con guisantes de invierno de las variedades indicadas, que sustituían parcialmente a la soja. Cada tratamiento se replicó cuatro veces, siendo la celda con 6 lechones la unidad experimental. Los animales que consumieron el pienso con guisante Cartouche tuvieron más ganancia media diaria (GMD) que el resto (P < 0,001) con el mismo consumo medio diario (CMD) e índice de conversión (IC). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los animales del pienso control y los que consumieron piensos con guisantes Iceberg y Luna. En el ensayo 2 la leguminosa objeto de estudio fue el alberjón y su FAN el dipéptido _Glutamyl-S-Ethenyl-Cysteine (GEC). El diseño y el periodo experimental fueron los mismos que en el ensayo 1, con cuatro dietas que variaban en el porcentaje de alberjones: 0%, 5%, 15% y 25%, y de GEC (1,54% del grano). Los lechones que consumieron el pienso con 5% tuvieron un CMD y GMD más elevado (P < 0,001), con el mismo IC que los animales pertenecientes al tratamiento 0%. Los índices productivos empeoraron significativamente y de manera progresiva al aumentar el porcentaje de alberjones (15 y 25%). Se obtuvieron ecuaciones de regresión con estructura polinomial que fueron significativas tanto para el nivel de alberjón como para la cantidad de GEC presente en el pienso. El ensayo 3 se efectuó durante el periodo de engorde, sustituyendo por completo la soja a partir de los 84 días de edad con las tres variedades de guisantes de invierno, observando el efecto sobre el rendimiento productivo, de canal y piezas nobles. El diseño, en bloques completos al azar, tuvo cuatro tratamientos según el guisante presente en el pienso y, por lo tanto, los niveles de IP: Control-soja, Cartouche, Iceberg y Luna, con 12 réplicas de 4 cerdos por tratamiento. De 84 a 108 días de edad los animales que consumieron los piensos Control-soja e Iceberg, tuvieron el mismo CMD y GMD, empeorando en los cerdos alimentados con Luna y Cartouche (P < 0,05). El IC fue igual en los tratamientos Control-soja e Iceberg, ocupando una posición intermedia en Cartouche y peor en los cerdos del pienso Luna (P < 0,001). De 109 a 127 días de edad la GMD y el IC fueron iguales, con un CMD más elevado en Control-soja e Iceberg que en los cerdos que consumieron Cartouche y Luna (P < 0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas durante el acabado (128 a 167 días de edad). Globalmente el CMD y GMD fueron más elevados en los cerdos que comieron los piensos Iceberg y Control-soja, empeorando por igual en los que comieron Cartouche y Luna (P < 0,05); el IC fue el mismo en todos los tratamientos. No se observaron diferencias en los datos relacionados con peso y rendimiento de canal y piezas nobles (jamón, paleta y chuletero), ni del contenido de grasa intramuscular en el lomo y proporción de ácidos grasos principales (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1n-9) en la grasa subcutánea. En el ensayo 4, realizado durante el periodo de engorde (60 a 171 días de edad), se valoró el efecto de dietas con distintos niveles de alberjones, y en consecuencia de su factor antinutritivo el dipéptido GEC, sobre el rendimiento productivo y la calidad de la canal y piezas nobles. El diseño fue en cuatro bloques completos al azar, con cuatro tratamientos según el porcentaje de inclusión de alberjón en el pienso: 0%, 5%, 15% y 25%, con 12 réplicas por tratamiento y cuatro cerdos en cada una de ellas. El tratamiento con 5% mejoró la GMD al final de la fase de cebo (152 días de vida) y, junto con el 0%, presentaron los resultados más favorables de peso e IC al final del ensayo (171 días de vida). Del mismo modo, el peso y rendimiento de canal fueron más elevados en los cerdos alimentados con los tratamientos 0% y 5% (P < 0,001). Piensos con el 15 y 25% de alberjones empeoraron los resultados productivos, así como el rendimiento y peso de canal. Sucedió lo mismo con el peso de las piezas nobles (jamón, paleta y chuletero), significativamente superior en 0% y 5% frente a 15% y 25%, siendo los cerdos que consumieron este último pienso los peores. Por el contrario el rendimiento de jamón y chuletero fue más elevado en los cerdos de los tratamientos 25% y 15% que en los que consumieron los piensos con 5% y 0% (P < 0,001); en el rendimiento de paletas se invirtieron los resultados, siendo mayores en los animales de los tratamientos 0% y 5% (P < 0,001). Se obtuvieron ecuaciones de regresión polinomial, para estimar las cantidades de inclusión de alberjones y de GEC más favorables desde el punto de vista productivo, así como los contrastes ortogonales entre los distintos tratamientos. ABSTRACT The grain legumes have a nutritional profile of great interest to feed pigs, mainly due to high protein content. However, the presence of antinutritional factors (ANF), which differ in quality and quantity according to gender, hinder the absorption of the protein, the most valuable nutrient. The aim of this thesis was to study the effect of the main ANF of pea and narbon vetch (NV) on productive performance, of the carcass and main lean cuts, when replacing soybean, partially or totally, during the starter phase and the fattening period of heavy pigs. For this reason were carried four trials with barrows and the same genetic line: Duroc hybrid x (Landrace x Large white). In trial 1, was studied the influence of different levels of protease inhibitors (PI) in the diet over productivity of piglets during the starter phase (40-61 days of age). For this, were used three varieties of winter peas containing different amounts of PI, both trypsin (TI) and chymotrypsin (CI) [inhibited units/mg trypsin (TIU), inhibited units/mg chymotrypsin (CIU): 9.87 - 10.16, 5.75 - 8.62 and 12.55 - 15.75, for peas Cartouche, Iceberg and Luna, respectively] higher than in soybean meal 47 (SBM) and soybeans extruded (SBE) (TIU/mg - CIU/mg: 0.61 - 3.56 and 2.36 - 4.65 for SBM and SBE, respectively). The design was randomized with four dietary treatments differing in protein sources and the amount of PI, with a control diet of soybean and three with different varieties of winter peas: Cartouche, Iceberg and Luna, which partially replace soybean. Each treatment was replicated four times, being the pen with 6 piglets the experimental unit. Pigs that ate the feed with pea Cartouche had better growth (ADG) than the rest (P < 0.001), with the same average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There were no significant differences between piglets fed with control diet and those fed Iceberg and Luna diets. In trial 2 the legume under study was the NV and your ANF the dipeptide _Glutamyl FAN-S-Ethenyl-Cysteine (GEC). The experimental period and the design were the same as in trial 1, with four diets with different percentage of NV: 0%, 5%, 15% and 25%, and from GEC (1.52% of the grain). The piglets that consumed the feed containing 5% had higher ADG and ADFI (P < 0.05), with the same FCR that pigs belonging to the 0% treatment. Production rates worsened progressively with increasing percentage of NV (15 and 25%). Were obtained regression equations with polynomial structure that were significant for NV percentage and amount of GEC present in the feed. The test 3 was carried out during the fattening period, completely replace soy from 84 days of age with three varieties of winter peas, observing the effect on the yield, carcass and main lean cuts. The design, randomized complete blocks, had four treatments with different levels of PI: Control-soy, Cartouche, Iceberg and Luna, with 12 replicates of 4 pigs per treatment. From 84 to 108 days of age the pigs fed with Control-soy and Iceberg feed, had the same ADFI and ADG, worsening in pigs fed with Luna and Cartouche (P < 0.05). The FCR was similar in diets Control-soy and Iceberg, occupying an intermediate position in Cartouche and worse in pigs fed with Luna (P < 0.001). From 109-127 days of age the ADG and FCR were equal, with higher ADFI in pigs fed with Control-soy and Iceberg, regarding pigs fed with Cartouche and Luna (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the finishing phase (128-167 days of age). In global period, the ADFI and ADG were higher in pigs that ate Control-soy and Iceberg, and worse in those who ate Cartouche and Luna. The FCR was the same in all treatments. No significant differences were observed in the data related to weight and carcass yield, main lean cuts (ham, shoulder and loin chop) and intramuscular fat loin content and major fatty acids proportion (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1n-9) of subcutaneous fat. In experiment 4, made during the fattening period (60-171 days of age), was assessed the effect of diets with different levels of NV, and consequently of GEC, in the performance and quality of carcass and main lean cuts. There was a completely randomized design with four dietary treatments differing in percentage of NV: 0%, 5%, 15% and 25%, with 12 replicates per treatment and four pigs each. Treatment with 5% improved the ADG at the end of the fattening phase (152 days of age) and, together with 0%, showed the most favorable body weight and FCR at the end of the trial (171 days of age). Similarly, the weight and performance of carcass were higher for pigs fed with diets 0% and 5% (P < 0.05). Diets with 15 and 25% worsened the productive and carcass results. The weight of the main lean cuts (ham, shoulder and loin chop) was significantly higher in 0% and 5% vs 15% and 25%.The diet 25% was the worst of all. By contrast the performance of ham and loin chop was higher in pigs fed with diets 25% and 15%, that those who ate diets with 5% and 0% (P < 0.001); the results of shoulder performance were reversed, being greater in pigs feed with diets 0% and 5% (P < 0.001). Polynomial regression equations were obtained to estimate the percentage of NV and GEC more favorable from the point of view of production, and orthogonal contrasts between treatments.