Studies on Selected Myctophid Fishes in Arabian Sea with respect to their Status in Deep Sea Trawl Bycatch, Length-Weight Relationship, Reproductive Biology and Population Dynamics

Available information on abundance of myctophids and their utilisation indicate that there is excellent scope for development of myctophid fisheries in Indian Ocean. Most of the conventional fish stocks have reached a state of full exploitation or over-exploitation. Hence there is need to locate new and conventional fishery resources in order to fill in the supply-demand gap, in the face of increasing demand for fish. Information on length-weight relationship, age and growth, spawning season, fecundity and age at maturity and information on bycatch discards are required for sustainable utilization of myctophid resource in the Indian Ocean

MERCARTE

Este proyecto propone innovar en la creación de estrategias de mercado con el fin de promover las obras de arte de jóvenes artistas a través de espacios virtuales y físicos en la ciudad de Bucaramanga y el oriente colombiano.

Aprovechamiento del espacio interior de las estaciones de transporte masivo, a partir del ofrecimiento de servicios agregados al transporte: perspectivas de su implementación en los portales del Sistema Transmilenio

El presente trabajo de grado está relacionado con el aprovechamiento del espacio interior de los portales del sistema de transporte público masivo en Bogotá (Transmilenio), a partir de la oferta de servicios de valor agregado al transporte público.

Modelación de los sectores estudiados para definir el perfil logístico de Colombia

Colombia siempre ha velado por tener una mejor infraestructura del país, haciendo que se mantenga preocupado por su posición competitiva frente a su desarrollo como hub logístico de Latinoamérica. Esto se ve fundamentado a través de la política nacional logística escrita en el COMPES 3547. Sin embargo, hay un desconocimiento por los empresarios grandes y pequeños del país acerca de las pretensiones que el gobierno quiere llevar a cabo sobre los distintos sectores económicos. La simulación de estructuras como sistemas es de vital importancia para el desarrollo y mejoramiento de cadenas de suministro. La administración de la cadena como sistema que integra procesos permite producir constantemente, mantener niveles adecuados de inventario y cumplir con los requerimientos del cliente final. Lo anterior teniendo en cuenta que los principales actores de la cadena son proveedores, fabricantes, clientes, detallistas, transportadores y distribuidores, En un entorno en el que la globalización constituye quizá el motor más importante para el desempeño de la cadena de suministros, pues rompe barreras geográficas. En síntesis la simulación es un aporte importante para la correcta planeación y operación de la cadena de suministros y esto a la vez permite prestar un buen servicio al cliente mientras se reducen costos y tiempos.

Análisis del transporte de carga en Colombia, para crear estrategias que permitan alcanzar estándares de competitividad e infraestructura internacional

El sector transporte juega un papel importante en la consolidación de los procesos de globalización y de competitividad en Colombia. La globalización de las economías es una realidad que exige de los países un esfuerzo para optimizar sus procesos productivos, siendo la disponibilidad y accesibilidad de los bienes una condición necesaria para lograr una mayor competitividad en el contexto internacional. Teniendo en cuenta que una de las principales estrategias de internacionalización del gobierno nacional ha sido la firma de acuerdos comerciales con diferentes regiones y países del mundo. He hecho un análisis y caracterización de los distintos modos de trasporte de carga en Colombia para entender de esta forma cual es la situación actual de los mismos, encontrar los principales obstáculos que se presentan en el transporte de carga en Colombia y de igual manera establecer posibles soluciones a estos problemas que retrasan de forma sustancial el desarrollo de nuestro país. Teniendo en cuenta estos problemas de la situación actual del trasporte de carga en Colombia he llegado a la conclusión que se requiere que los objetivos de las políticas del gobierno nacional sean la facilitación del transporte y el comercio, la eficiencia en función de los costos y de los servicios de transporte, la seguridad de la cadena de suministro, y la inversión en infraestructura vial, y que estas se combinen en un marco de política global y estratégico que permita ofrecer a la economía nacional las condiciones adecuadas para aumentar la competitividad en los mercados internacionales. Razón por la cual la infraestructura y los servicios de logística en el sector de transporte de carga deben ser eficientes, rentables, confiables y sostenibles. Lo cual permitiría una mayor facilidad para la entrada de nuevos productos a nuestro país reduciendo tiempos y costos finales.

Incidencia de la estrategia colombiana de desarrollo bajo en carbono en el mercado de bonos de carbono en Colombia

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar el papel de la estrategia colombiana de desarrollo bajo en carbono en el mercado de bonos de carbono en Colombia. Esto con el fin de demostrar que las acciones nacionalmente apropiadas de mitigación NAMAS son un mecanismo de mitigación y puede no tener una incidencia en la oferta ni tampoco en la demanda del mercado de bonos de carbono en Colombia. Esta investigación se llevará a cabo por medio de un estudio de caso con un enfoque institucionalista. Se utilizará el método de investigación cualitativo, ya que se intenta medir las cualidades de la estrategia colombiana de desarrollo bajo en carbono mediante un análisis documental, teniendo como referencia las fuentes primarias; el Conpes 3700 de 2011, entrevistas a expertos del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Fundación Natura, ConTREEbute, Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburra, y fuentes secundarias, entre otras.

Productos del sector agrícola colombiano y derivados que tienen oportunidad de ser vendidos en el mercado de la Federación Rusa

Este trabajo tuvo como fin identificar los productos del sector agrícola colombiano y derivados que tienen oportunidad de ser vendidos en el mercado de la Federación Rusa. Esto con el objetivo de tener un documento para los exportadores colombianos donde puedan consultar las oportunidades de negocio que tiene el sector y que pueden ser explotadas. El trabajo se adelantó mediante la consulta de fuentes de información terciaria, como los sitios web de distintas asociaciones, información de los importadores y la consulta a expertos sobre el tema. De esta forma, se logró recopilar la información adecuada para el desarrollo de los objetivos trazados. Fue clave identificar la relación entre el consumo ruso y la importación de productos agrícolas, como también, la producción rusa y la exportación de productos agrícolas. Se tomó a la Federación Rusa, por ser uno de los países que más importa productos alimenticios. De esta manera, se ahondó en las particularidades del mercado ruso, lo que permitió tener un mejor entendimiento sus negocios y sus hábitos de consumo y así poder analizarlo de una mejor manera. Este trabajo muestra los componentes principales que se deben tener en cuenta para la exportación de productos agrícolas, de la misma forma analiza la oferta, demanda y el papel de Colombia y la Federación Rusa en la venta y compra de este tipo de productos.

Adapting to climate change impacts on water resources in England - an assessment of draft Water Resources Management Plans

Climate change is expected to produce reductions in water availability in England, potentially necessitating adaptive action by the water industry to maintain supplies. As part of Ofwat's fifth Periodic Review (PR09), water companies recently released their draft Water Resources Management Plans, setting out how each company intends to maintain the balance between the supply and demand for water over the next 25 years, following Environment Agency guidelines. This paper reviews these plans to determine company estimates of the impact of climate change on water supply relative to other resource pressures. The approaches adopted for incorporating the impact in the plans and the proposed management solutions are also identified. Climate change impacts for individual resource zones range from no reductions in deployable output to greater than 50% over the planning period. The estimated national aggregated loss of deployable output under a “core” climate scenario is ~520 Ml/d (3% of deployable output) by 2034/35, the equivalent of the supply of one entire water company (South West Water). Climate change is the largest single driver of change in water supplies over the planning period. Over half of the climate change impact is concentrated in southern England. In extreme cases, climate change uncertainty is of the same magnitude as the change under the core scenario (up to a loss of ~475 Ml/d). 44 of the 68 resource zones with available data are estimated to have a climate change impact. In 35 of these climate change has the greatest impact although in 10 zones sustainability reductions have a greater impact. Of the overall change in downward pressure on the supply-demand balance over the planning period, ~56% is accounted for by increased demand (620 Ml/d) and supply side climate change accounts for ~37% (407 Ml/d). Climate change impacts have a cumulative impact in concert with other changing supply side reducing components increasing the national pressure on the supply-demand balance. Whilst the magnitude of climate change appears to justify its explicit consideration, it is rare that adaptation options are planned solely in response to climate change but as a suite of options to provide a resilient supply to a range of pressures (including significant demand side pressures). Supply-side measures still tend to be considered by water companies to be more reliable than demand-side measures.

Understanding absorptive capacity in Malaysian small and medium sized (SME) construction companies

Purpose – The construction industry is a very important part of the Malaysian economy. The government's aim is to make the industry more productive, efficient and safe. Small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are at the core of the Malaysian construction industry and account for about 90 per cent of companies undertaking construction work. One of the main challenges faced by the Malaysian construction industry is the ability to absorb new knowledge and technology and to implement it in the construction phase. The purpose of this paper is to consider absorptive capacity in Malaysian construction SMEs in rural areas. Design/methodology/approach – The research was conducted in three stages: first, understanding the Malaysian construction industry; second, a literature review on the issues related to absorptive capacity and discussions with the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB); and third, multiple case studies in five construction SMEs operating in a rural area to validate the factors influencing absorptive capacity. Findings – Nine key factors were identified influencing absorptive capacity in Malaysian construction SMEs operating in rural areas. These factors involved: cost and affordability; availability and supply; demand; infrastructure; policies and regulations; labour readiness; workforce attitude and motivation; communication and sources of new knowledge and; culture. Originality/value – The key factors influencing absorptive capacity presented in this paper are based on validation from the case studies in five construction SMEs in Malaysia. The research focuses on how they operate in rural areas; however, the research results have wider application than just Malaysia. The key factors identified as influencing absorptive capacity can serve as a basis for considering knowledge absorption in the wider context by SMEs in other developing countries.

The impracticality of a universal drought definition

This paper demonstrates the impracticality of a comprehensive mathematical definition of the term `drought' which formalises the general qualitative definition that drought is `a deficit of water relative to normal conditions'. Starting from the local water balance, it is shown that a universal description of drought requires reference to water supply, demand and management. The influence of human intervention through water management is shown to be intrinsic to the definition of drought in the universal sense and can only be eliminated in the case of purely meteorological drought. The state of `drought' is shown to be predicated on the existence of climatological norms for a multitude of process specific terms. In general these norms are either difficult to obtain or even non-existent in the non-stationary context of climate change. Such climatological considerations, in conjunction with the difficulty of quantifying human influence, lead to the conclusion that we cannot reasonably expect the existence of any workable generalised objective definition of drought.

The impact of monsoon intraseasonal variability on renewable power generation in India

India is increasingly investing in renewable technology to meet rising energy demands, with hydropower and other renewables comprising one-third of current installed capacity. Installed wind-power is projected to increase 5-fold by 2035 (to nearly 100GW) under the International Energy Agency’s New Policies scenario. However, renewable electricity generation is dependent upon the prevailing meteorology, which is strongly influenced by monsoon variability. Prosperity and widespread electrification are increasing the demand for air conditioning, especially during the warm summer. This study uses multi-decadal observations and meteorological reanalysis data to assess the impact of intraseasonal monsoon variability on the balance of electricity supply from wind-power and temperature-related demand in India. Active monsoon phases are characterised by vigorous convection and heavy rainfall over central India. This results in lower temperatures giving lower cooling energy demand, while strong westerly winds yield high wind-power output. In contrast, monsoon breaks are characterised by suppressed precipitation, with higher temperatures and hence greater demand for cooling, and lower wind-power output across much of India. The opposing relationship between wind-power supply and cooling demand during active phases (low demand, high supply) and breaks (high demand, low supply) suggests that monsoon variability will tend to exacerbate fluctuations in the so-called demand-net-wind (i.e., electrical demand that must be supplied from non-wind sources). This study may have important implications for the design of power systems and for investment decisions in conventional schedulable generation facilities (such as coal and gas) that are used to maintain the supply/demand balance. In particular, if it is assumed (as is common) that the generated wind-power operates as a price-taker (i.e., wind farm operators always wish to sell their power, irrespective of price) then investors in conventional facilities will face additional weather-volatility through the monsoonal impact on the length and frequency of production periods (i.e. their load-duration curves).

Securing participation : experiments in a one-day introduction to economics

Classroom experiments and exercises served as a one-day introduction to economics for students who felt insecure about taking first-year business classes. The first experiment addresses demand in isolation, while the second addresses supply. Supply, demand and equilibrium are integrated in a pit market in which all students have equal expected profits. A monopoly pricing exercise addresses market failure. Exercises use many incremental questions to reveal principles of microeconomics. Evaluations show that at the end of the program, students were familiar with economic results and concepts, and were more comfortable with talking economics.

Residential auction clearance rates – what do they really mean?

The residential market in Melbourne is often referred to as the ‘auction capital of the world’ with approximately 30-35% of housing transfers undertaken via the auction process, most of which are conducted on the weekend and then reported in the media the following day. The most quoted measurement of auction success is via the clearance rate which simply indicates the proportion of signed contracts of sale within the auction process. At the same time the clearance rate can have a relatively large variance where the residential market can traditionally range from very good (i.e. a high clearance rate) to very poor (i.e. a low clearance rate). The subsequent effect on the market can directly increase or decrease demand, predominantly based only on this single measure of the perceived level of auction clearance rates only.

This paper examines the concept of the auction clearance rates and the heavy reliance on the only one measure of success (i.e. the clearance rates), regardless of other variables. The emphasis is placed on the auction clearance rate as one measure of demand in the housing market but within the context of the definition of market value i.e. willing buyer-willing seller. This is supported by a discussion about other variables including the asking price, the auction process itself, marketing considerations and seasonal adjustments. The findings provide an insight into how to correctly interpret the auction clearance rate in the context of the overall supply-demand interactions. Whilst the auction process is clearly an integral part of the residential transfer process it is essential that the auction clearance rate is used with caution and also in conjunction with other variables.

Factories of the future : a system of systems engineering perspective

Factories of the Future will be distinguished by intelligent machines, automation, human factors integration and knowledge management. Modelling and simulation is recognised as a key enabling technology essential to economic, social and environmental sustainability of future manufacturing systems. This talk will explore the history, recent achievements and directions in modelling and simulation for 21st century factories and supply chains. A systems science approach is employed, from stakeholder engagement through participative modelling to self-tuning and self-assembling simulations. Our contributions lower the cost of the application of modelling and simulation to manufacturing processes, enabling real time planning, dynamic risk analysis, dashboards and 3D visualisation. This realisation of the virtual factory integrates human factors and decisions into the core technology platform. The implications to future manufacturing enterprises are explored through a series of case studies from aerospace, mining and small and medium manufacturing enterprises.

Fuel ethanol price drivers in the Atlantic basin : Brazil & the U.S. traders perspectives

Como a oportunidade de exportação de etanol combustível é muito recente, o agronegócio carece de literatura para formação de gestores e estrategistas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o mecanismo de formação de preços de etanol tanto no Brasil como nos Estados Unidos da America. Decupei as variáveis que impactam na formação de preços, custo de produção de etanol de cana-de-açúcar, custo da logística e desidratação no Caribe, custo do etanol de milho e fiz algumas análises de cenários de formação de preços das principais variáveis e consegui organizar este conhecimento em um gráfico que contém no eixo superior preço do etanol hidratado na usina no Brasil e no eixo inferior o preço do bushel de milho em Chicago cujas interceções nas retas da taxa do dólar e do preço do gás natural, fornecem no eixo Y o preço do produto no porto de Nova York, ficando uma visualização simples das possibilidades da janela de exportação. A metodologia permite assumir diferentes cenários de oferta, demanda e preços e estabelecer diferentes estratégias de comercialização.