Las lenguas como patrimonio intangible.

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Huertos escolares intergeneracionales : el aprendizaje vern??culo en torno a la agricultura del municipio de Arona.

Se presenta un proyecto dise??ado por las Concejal??as de Patrimonio Hist??rico y Medio Ambiente del Ayuntamiento de Arona (Tenerife) que es propuesto a diversos centros del municipio. Tiene por objeto contribuir en la difusi??n y puesta en valor de su patrimonio cultural y natural. Mediante el huerto escolar se favorece el aprendizaje integral del alumnado de la mano de sus abuelos y abuelas. Adem??s de trabajar aspectos propios de un huerto, se acercan al conocimiento del patrimonio tangible e intangible asociado a la historia de Arona. Al mismo tiempo, se les introduce en la educaci??n ambiental, utilizando distintos recursos did??cticos que apoyan al docente en el aula y favorecen la adquisici??n de competencias b??sicas por parte del alumnado.

L'imaginari monumental i artístic del turisme cultural. El cas de la revista Barcelona Atracción

Aportació al Turisme Cultural a partir de l'estudi i anàlisi d'una revista de difusió turística en el mercat internacional, la Barcelona Atracción. (1910-1936 i 1945-1954), amb un anàlisi més extens de l'etapa republicana. La revista s' edita a Barcelona i es difon als cinc continents des de 1910. S'analitza la construcció de la imatge i la propaganda turístiques a partir de la posada en valor del patrimoni cultural, sobretot del monumental i artístic. S'annexen resums de tots els articles de la revista mensual Barcelona Atracción que d'una manera directa o indirecta tenen per subjecte un element cultural tangible o intangible, i un recull de centenars d'imatges de personalitats, monuments, cartells, que il·lustren la revista en l'etapa republicana.

Parental and peer support on physical activity among portuguese children and adolescents

Objetivo: A presente dissertação de mestrado teve como principal objetivo estudar a associação entre o suporte parental e dos pares na atividade física das crianças e adolescentes dos 10 aos 17 anos de idade. Método: Foi efetuada uma revisão sistemática de literatura (RSL) onde se sumarizou o estado da arte sobre a temática. Posteriormente foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal onde se investigou como o suporte dos pais (tangível e intangível) e dos pares estão associados com a atividade física entre crianças e adolescentes, examinando as diferenças entre géneros e a sua variação com a idade. Participaram no estudo 1876 crianças e adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, entre os 10 aos 17 anos de idade, participantes do projeto PESSOA. Resultados: Os resultados do estudo transversal corroboram os resultados de alguns estudos da revisão sistemática de literatura uma vez que, apesar das diferenças metodológicas entre os estudos, foram encontradas correlações significativas entre o suporte parental e o nível de atividade física das crianças e adolescentes. Há diferenças entre géneros no tipo de suporte parental e no suporte dos pares. O estudo transversal demonstrou uma associação positiva entre o suporte dos pares e a idade. Esta associação destaca-se na transição da infância para a adolescência. Em ambos os géneros, o suporte dos pares registou uma maior associação à atividade física do que o suporte dos pais. Conclusões: A realização deste estudo demonstra que os pais e os pares são fatores chave na atividade física das crianças e adolescentes. Em diferentes fases da infância e da adolescência, o papel de cada um deles altera-se de acordo com vários fatores do envolvimento físico e social. É necessário mais investigação nesta área, preferencialmente estudos longitudinais que permitam uma melhor compreensão de como as diferentes fontes (pais e pares) e os diferentes tipos de suporte (tangível e intangível) evoluem ao longo da infância e da adolescência e qual o seu impacto nos diferentes níveis de atividade física.

Evolving definition of sociomuseology : proposal for reflection

Sociomuseology expresses a considerable amount of the effort made to suit museological facilities to the conditions of contemporary society. The process of opening up the museum, as well as its organic relation with the social context that infuses it with life, has resulted in the need to structure and clarify the relations, notions and concepts that may define this process. Sociomuseology is thus a scientific field of teaching, research and performance which emphasizes the articulation of museology, in particular, with the areas of knowledge covered by Human Sciences, Development Studies, Services Science, and Urban and Rural Planning. The multidisciplinary approach of Sociomuseology aims to strengthen the acknowledgement of museology as a resource for the sustainable development of Humanity, based on equal opportunities as well as social and economic inclusion. Sociomuseology bases its social intervention on mankind’s cultural and natural heritage, both tangible and intangible. What characterizes Sociomuseology is not so much the nature of its premises and its goals, as is the case with other areas of knowledge, but the interdisciplinary focus which makes it draw on perfectly consolidated areas of knowledge and relate them with Museology itself.

El museo como forum de ciudadanía en el mundo

El museo representa un recinto que necesariamente tiene forma, contenido y protagonistas. En cuanto a la forma ésta es tridimensionalmente diversa, es decir, ningún museo es ni puede ser idéntico, pero conceptualmente, según la nueva museología, es la misma. Y es la misma, por la sencilla razón de que todos los espacios museísticos de la nueva museología se derivan de la relación indisoluble que existe entre territorio, patrimonio y comunidad. El museo tiene como objetivos investigar, documentar, explicar, problematizar y sistematizar todo lo relacionado con el patrimonio natural y cultural, -tangible e intangible- que condiciona su existencia. Además, también tiene como objetivos proteger, conservar, restaurar, inventariar, catalogar y proporcionarle seguridad a dicho patrimonio. Pero el museo no sería tal, si no cumpliera con los objetivos de educar, sensibilizar, concienciar, promover, comunicar y difundir el patrimonio que posee, lo estructura y lo define. El museo es un espacio temporal para el estudio y la reflexión, representa un magnífico instrumento educativo que coadyuva en los procesos de organización y acción comunitaria, en ese sentido, el museo es y debe ser un poderoso instrumento de gestión para el desarrollo comunitario.

La propiedad industrial y el componente intangible de la biodiversidad

El conocimiento y la tecnología constituyen el objeto jurídico de la propiedad industrial, concepto que la disciplina de la propiedad intelectual del derecho ha construido con el fin de regular el circuito económico en que la ciencia y la técnica se transforman por sí mismos en objetos sobre los que versan las relaciones sociojurídicas de propiedad. ¿Pero qué sucede cuando hablamos del conocimiento y las técnicas que han sido generadas por las culturas como las amazónicas en donde las definiciones de propiedad, comercio y tecnología son relativamente nuevas y se hallan imbricadas de nociones distintas del mundo?, más aún ¿Es posible convertir tales conocimientos y prácticas en objetos jurídicos de la propiedad industrial? En este estudio se intenta contestar estas preguntas relacionando el objeto jurídico de la propiedad industrial y los componentes intangibles de la biodiversidad.

Una reflexión sobre el patrimonio oral e intangible: el pueblo Zápara

En la presente tesis se hace una reflexión sobre el proceso de reconocimiento de la cultura de las comunidades záparas del Ecuador y Perú, como parte del Patrimonio Oral e Inmaterial de la Humanidad. Para dilucidar este proceso, se analizarán dos hechos significativos implícitos en él. El primero, el fortalecimiento organizativo e identitario del movimiento indígena ecuatoriano, dentro del cual nació la nacionalidad zápara organizada social y políticamente; y el segundo, la noción tradicional de Patrimonio Cultural, enfocada desde una visión monumentalista, así como el surgimiento la nueva categoría de Patrimonio Intangible, instaurada por la UNESCO. Desde esta perspectiva se abren nuevas lógicas para entender la cultura, creando espacios en los que tengan cabida la diversidad cultural y sus manifestaciones culturales. Finalmente, se expondrán las visiones, percepciones y vivencias de las distintas instancias locales involucradas en la candidaturización al pueblo zápara como Patrimonio Oral e Inmaterial de la Humanidad, así como las implicaciones y trascendencia de este reconocimiento internacional para el pueblo zápara.

El componente intangible asociado a la biodiversidad en las sociedades indígenas amazónicas y el objeto jurídico de la propiedad industrial en el derecho moderno

La presente tesis trata sobre los conocimientos y técnicas tradicionales cura ti vas de los pueblos indígenas amazónicos, asociados a la biodiversidad y la factibilidad de que se constituyan en objeto jurídico de la propiedad industrial en el régimen de las invenciones. Dicho régimen tiene como objeto jurídico el hallazgo inventivo aplicable industrialmente, novedoso y no evidente. Los conocimientos y técnicas tradicionales conforman un objeto jurídico, el denominado componente intangible, en tanto que la biodiversidad, a la que se asocian, forma un distinto objeto jurídico, sin embargo las características de ambos imposibilitan el que puedan regularse en el ámbito de la propiedad industrial inventiva. Los componentes intangibles como las prácticas cura ti vas no pueden enmarcarse dentro del régimen inventivo industrial por ser un conjunto de constataciones de hechos que se dan en la naturaleza circundante y que es utilizado por medio de técnicas determinadas por la cosmogonía de cada grupo étnico pero compartidas ampliamente, caracterizándose dichas técnicas por aprovechar la biodiversidad sin afectar cualitativamente su estado efectivo. Sin embargo los componentes intangibles son un objeto jurídico sobre el cual existen derechos y obligaciones de los cuales las comunidades son los titulares. Se recomienda por lo tanto un sistema contractual que permita a comunidades y empresas interesadas en sus conocimientos negociar en un marco jurídico en que se prevea la protección y justa compensación para los proveedores de intangibles. La biodiversidad, producto de naturales procesos biológicos, es un recurso y toca al Estado su administración.

Diseño de un modelo de gestión del capital intangible en empresas del sector turístico Caso: Quindetour

La presente tesis investigativa: “Diseño de un Modelo de Gestión del Capital Intangible en Empresas del Sector Turístico. Caso: Quindetour” se encuentra compuesta de tres capítulos: 1.- El capital intangible, 2.- El modelo de negocio y su relación con el capital intangible y 3.- Diseño del modelo de gestión del capital intangible. El primer capítulo contiene el marco teórico, donde se realiza una descripción y análisis de los principales conceptos sobre el capital intangible en las empresas, sus diferentes dimensiones y métodos de evaluación. En el segundo capítulo se presenta un estudio sobre el modelo de gestión y la estrategia del negocio y su relación con el capital intangible. Por último, en el tercer capítulo se detalla el diseño del modelo de gestión del capital intangible para la empresa Quindetour. El método de investigación es de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo; se identifica y analiza el capital humano, el capital estructural y el capital relacional. Se determinan las acciones que debe implementar la empresa Quindetour en su modelo actual de gestión del capital intangible. Quindetour Cía. Ltda., se constituyó en el año 2011 como una empresa operadora turística del “Quito Tour Bus”. Su operación se realiza mediante el sistema “Hop On – Hop Off” lo que le permite al pasajero subir y bajar en 12 paradas establecidas a lo largo de la ciudad de Quito y recibir información sobre los atractivos turísticos del lugar.

Lo que el tiempo se llevó: el pueblo zápara como patrimonio intangible

El proceso de reconocimiento de la cultura de las comunidades záparas de Ecuador y Perú como parte del patrimonio oral e inmaterial de la humanidad es el tema de reflexión de este libro. La autora analiza dos hechos significativos: el fortalecimiento organizativo e identitario del movimiento indígena ecuatoriano, dentro del cual se constituyó política y socialmente la nacionalidad zápara; y la noción tradicional de patrimonio cultural, enfocada desde una visión monumentalista, a raíz de la instauración de una nueva categoría de patrimonio intangible por parte de la UNESCO. Las visiones, percepciones y vivencias de las instancias nacionales e internacionales involucradas en la candidatura del pueblo zápara como patrimonio oral e inmaterial de la humanidad, constituyen un escenario único para la reflexión de este proceso.

Exporting construction professional services in a global service economy

Globalisation has prompted increasing numbers of construction profes-sional services (CPS) firms to internationalise and export their services. The driver has been twofold; firstly to increase turnover/profits and sec-ondly, to minimise the risk of a reliance on working in a single domestic market which has a fluctuating demand. Secondly, where firms have out-grown their domestic market, and in order to expand, they must export overseas. There has been little research into the way CPS firms operate overseas, yet construction represents approximately 10% of global GDP; this means that understanding CPS firms is important. This paper investigates how CPS firms internationalise and the drivers that impact their decisions and operations overseas. A survey was undertaken and interviews conducted that showed CPS firms are project driven, in-vesting heavily in the process of seeking work/bidding for projects, and are very focused on delivering projects with minimum risk. Increasing foreign ownership, changing procurement approaches and more consolidation of CPS firms in the global marketplace present a changing business land-scape. The research develops a framework of tangible and intangible factors, such as competencies, business organisation culture, leadership and reputation in order to better understand how CPS firms export their ser-vices. Whilst all CPS firms share the same framework of factors, the re-sulting synergies are different not only for each firm but also for each pro-ject. The knowledge-intensive and project-based nature of CPS firms presents a challenge in understanding the way they operate in the global service economy.

The impact of livestock assets among indigenous communities: findings from a comparative model in Bolivia

Measuring poverty has occupied a lot of space in the development discourse. Over the years a number of approaches have been offered to capture the experience of what it means to be poor. However, latterly such approaches often ignore core assets. Indeed, the comparative impact of livestock vs. other core assets such as land and education on poverty has not been well explored. Therefore, the authors created an 'asset impact model' to examine changes to both tangible and intangible assets at the household level, with a particular focus on gender and ethnicity among communities residing in the Bolivian Altiplano. The simple model illustrates that for indigenous women, a 20 per cent increase in the livestock herd has the same impact on household income as increasing the education levels by 20 per cent and household land ownership by 5 per cent. The study illustrates the potential role of a productive, tangible asset, i.e. livestock, on poverty reduction in the short term. The policy implications of supporting asset-focused measures of poverty are discussed.

Corporate social responsibility in construction and engineering firms: key elements of effective strategy

Through multiple case studies of firms we argue that firms that have developed corporate responsibility strategies, albeit informally at first, do so by making intentional, informed and collective choices about CSR initiatives. More precisely, we point to the importance of considering corporate identity in making these choices and to the process of adaptive coordination, which includes both responding to and influencing the CSR environment. We conclude that CSR strategic landscape are determined more and more by the astute and careful management of a network of cooperative and competitive stakeholder interests which possess both tangible and intangible value to a firm.

Mid-term evaluation of African Technology Policy Studies Network Phase VI Strategic Plan: for the period January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010

The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) is a multidisciplinary network of researchers, private sector actors, policymakers and civil society. ATPS has the vision to become the leading international centre of excellence and reference in science, technology and innovation (STI) systems research, training and capacity building, communication and sensitization, knowledge brokerage, policy advocacy and outreach in Africa. It has a Regional Secretariat in Nairobi Kenya, and operates through national chapters in 29 countries (including 27 in Africa and two Chapters in the United Kingdom and USA for Africans in the Diaspora) with an expansion plan to cover the entire continent by 2015. The ATPS Phase VI Strategic Plan aims to improve the understanding and functioning of STI processes and systems to strengthen the learning capacity, social responses, and governance of STI for addressing Africa's development challenges, with a specific focus on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). A team of external evaluators carried out a midterm review to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the Strategic Plan for the period January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010. The evaluation methodology involved multiple quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the qualitative and quantitative inputs (human resources, financial resources, time, etc.) into ATPS activities (both thematic and facilitative) and their tangible and intangible outputs, outcomes and impacts. Methods included a questionnaire survey of ATPS members and stakeholders, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with members in six countries. Effectiveness of Programmes Under all six strategic goals, very good progress has been made towards planned outputs and outcomes. This is evidenced by key performance indicators (KPIs) generated from desk review, ratings from the survey respondents, and the themes that run through the FGDs. Institutional and Programme Cost Effectiveness Institutional Effectiveness: assessment of institutional effectiveness suggests that adequate management frameworks are in place and are being used effectively and transparently. Also technical and financial accounting mechanisms are being followed in accordance with grant agreements and with global good practice. This is evidenced by KPIs generated from desk review. Programme Cost Effectiveness: assessment of cost-effectiveness of execution of programmes shows that organisational structure is efficient, delivering high quality, relevant research at relatively low cost by international standards. The evidence includes KPIs from desk review: administrative costs to programme cost ratio has fallen steadily, to around 10%; average size of research grants is modest, without compromising quality. There is high level of pro bono input by ATPS members. ATPS Programmes Strategic Evaluation ATPS research and STI related activities are indeed unique and well aligned with STI issues and needs facing Africa and globally. The multi-disciplinary and trans-boundary nature of the research activities are creating a unique group of research scientists. The ATPS approach to research and STI issues is paving the way for the so called Third Generation University (3GU). Understanding this unique positioning, an increasing number of international multilateral agencies are seeking partnership with ATPS. ATPS is seeing an increasing level of funding commitments by Donor Partners. Recommendations for ATPS Continued Growth and Effectiveness On-going reform of ATPS administrative structure to continue The on-going reforms that have taken place within the Board, Regional Secretariat, and at the National Chapter coordination levels are welcomed. Such reform should continue until fully functional corporate governance policy and practices are fully established and implemented across the ATPS governance structures. This will further strengthen ATPS to achieve the vision of being the leading STI policy brokerage organization in Africa. Although training in corporate governance has been carried out for all sectors of ATPS leadership structure in recent time, there is some evidence that these systems have not yet been fully implemented effectively within all the governance structures of the organization, especially at the Board and National chapter levels. Future training should emphasize practical application with exercises relevant to ATPS leadership structure from the Board to the National Chapter levels. Training on Transformational Leadership - Leading a Change Though a subject of intense debate amongst economists and social scientists, it is generally agreed that cultural mindsets and attitudes could enhance and/or hinder organizational progress. ATPS’s vision demands transformational leadership skills amongst its leaders from the Board members to the National Chapter Coordinators. To lead such a change, ATPS leaders must understand and avoid personal and cultural mindsets and value systems that hinder change, while embracing those that enhance it. It requires deliberate assessment of cultural, behavioural patterns that could hinder progress and the willingness to be recast into cultural and personal habits that make for progress. Improvement of relationship amongst the Board, Secretariat, and National Chapters A large number of ATPS members and stakeholders feel they do not have effective communications and/or access to Board, National Chapter Coordinators and Regional Secretariat activities. Effort should be made to improve the implementation of ATPS communication strategy to improve on information flows amongst the ATPS management and the members. The results of the survey and the FGDs suggest that progress has been made during the past two years in this direction, but more could be done to ensure effective flow of pertinent information to members following ATPS communications channels. Strategies for Increased Funding for National Chapters There is a big gap between the fundraising skills of the Regional Secretariat and those of the National Coordinators. In some cases, funds successfully raised by the Secretariat and disbursed to national chapters were not followed up with timely progress and financial reports by some national chapters. Adequate training in relevant skills required for effective interactions with STI key policy players should be conducted regularly for National Chapter coordinators and ATPS members. The ongoing training in grant writing should continue and be made continent-wide if funding permits. Funding of National Chapters should be strategic such that capacity in a specific area of research is built which, with time, will not only lead to a strong research capacity in that area, but also strengthen academic programmes. For example, a strong climate change programme is emerging at University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN), with strong collaborations with Universities from neighbouring States. Strategies to Increase National Government buy-in and support for STI Translating STI research outcomes into policies requires a great deal of emotional intelligence, skills which are often lacking in the first and second generation universities. In the epoch of the science-based or 2GUs, governments were content with universities carrying out scientific research and providing scientific education. Now they desire to see universities as incubators of new science- or technology-based commercial activities, whether by existing firms or start-ups. Hence, governments demand that universities take an active and leading role in the exploitation of their knowledge and they are willing to make funds available to support such activities. Thus, for universities to gain the attention of national leadership they must become centres of excellence and explicit instruments of economic development in the knowledge-based economy. The universities must do this while working collaboratively with government departments, parastatals, and institutions and dedicated research establishments. ATPS should anticipate these shifting changes and devise programmes to assist both government and universities to relate effectively. New administrative structures in member organizations to sustain and manage the emerging STI multidisciplinary teams Second Generation universities (2GUs) tend to focus on pure science and often do not regard the application of their know-how as their task. In contrast, Third Generation Universities (3GUs) objectively stimulate techno-starters – students or academics – to pursue the exploitation or commercialisation of the knowledge they generate. They view this as being equal in importance to the objectives of scientific research and education. Administratively, research in the 2GU era was mainly monodisciplinary and departments were structured along disciplines. The emerging interdisciplinary scientific teams with focus on specific research areas functionally work against the current mono-disciplinary faculty-based, administrative structure of 2GUs. For interdisciplinary teams, the current faculty system is an obstacle. There is a need for new organisational forms for university management that can create responsibilities for the task of know-how exploitation. ATPS must anticipate this and begin to strategize solutions for their member institutions to transition to 3Gus administrative structure, otherwise ATPS growth will plateau, and progress achieved so far may be stunted.