多通道电荷时间测量方法与电路研究

随着国家大科学工程兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)建成，HIRFL-CSR实验探测系统也正在建设当中。实验探测系统由外靶系统和内靶系统构成。用于探测中子的中子墙探测器是外靶系统中的一个重要组成部分，它有252个探测单元，每一个探测器单元都要求很好的能量分辨和时间分辨，还要求有很高数据获取率。为此，我们设计研发适合于中子墙探测器这样的大型闪烁体探测器的前端电子学读出系统。论文从发展髙性能多路小型化前端电路和研究QAC、TAC的方法和电路两个方面进行研究，讨论了我们采用的新思路和新方法。 我们设计的新型的多道高精度的电荷-电压、时间转换电路.该电路主要用于在相关控制信号的配合下，将光电倍增管输出的快电流脉冲信号转化为电压信号,并在控制信号作用下,将电压信号通过数据采集系统直接送入计算机进行处理。电路采用新型的QAC方法，用于处理快速的电流信号,突出特点是转换速度快,电路结构简单,输入信号范围大,精度高,功耗低, 电路采用改进的TAC方法，用于处理快速的时间信号,利用高速DMOS开关，并优化控制逻辑时序，极大提高了测试精度。 实验室调试结果说明系统已能够适应物理实验的要求，并为最终建立一个完整的满足性能要求的前端电子学系统打下了坚实的基础

用于在线同位素分离器的激光离子源的研制

本文介绍了一种新型的用于在线同位素分离器的离子源——激光离子源。这种离子源将会大大提高在线同位素分离器的化学选择性，给新核素的合成及其衰变性质研究注入巨大的活力。论文首先介绍了激光离子源的工作原理和国际上研制激光离子源的情况。其次介绍了我们在研制热管式激光离子源方面取得的以下进展：(1)激光器系统已经可以使用，完成了光路传输与合成系统；（2）研制了一个用于研究激光离子源特性的离线实验装置；(3)获得了铥元素的激光多步共振电离信号，测量了Ta，Nb-Zr合金和内表面涂有了TaC的Nb-Zr合金电离管表面电离电流及激光共振电离电流随温度纷变化曲线，得到了热管式激光离子源的化学选择性，对元素铥的化学选择性可达封50-10000，论文最后对将要做的工作提出了进一步的设想，对激光离子源的前景做了展望。

Dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of plasticized poly(lactic acid)

The blends of low molecular weight triacetin (TAC) and oligomeric poly(1,3-butylene glycol adipate) (PBGA) were used as multiple plasticizers to lubricate poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in this study. The thermal and mechanical properties of plasticized polymers were investigated by means of dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to analyze the morphologies of the blends. Multiple plasticizers were effective in lowering the glass transition temperature (T-g) and the melting temperature (T-m) of PLA. Moreover, crystallinity of PLA increased with increasing the con-tent of multiple plasticizers. Tensile strength of the blends decreased following the increasing of the plasticizers, but increased in elongation at break. AFM topographic images showed that the multiple plasticizers dispersed between interfibrillar regions. Moreover, the fibrillar crystallite formed the quasicrosslinkings, which is another cause for the increase in elongation at break.

Comparison of photobioreactors and optimal light regime for rapid vegetative propagation of transgenic Undaria pinnatifida gametophytes

BACKGROUND: Previously, tachyplesin gene (tac) has been successfully transferred into Undaria pinnatifida gametophytes using the method of microprojectile bombardment transformation. The objectives of this study were to compare and evaluate the performance of bubble-column and airlift bioreactors to determine a preferred configuration of bioreactor for vegetative propagation of transgenic U. pinnatifida gametophytes, and to then investigate the influence of light on vegetative propagation of these gametophytes, including incident light intensity, photoperiod and light quality to resolve the problems of rapid vegetative propagation within the selected bioreactor. RESULTS: Experimental results showed that final dry cell density in the airlift bioreactor was 12.7% higher than that in the bubble-column bioreactor under the optimal aeration rate of 1.2 L air min(-1) L-1 culture. And a maximum final dry cell density of 2830 mg L-1 was obtained within the airlift bioreactor using blue light at 40 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) with a light/dark cycle of 14/10 (h). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis indicated that genes (bar and tac) were not lost during rapid vegetative propagation within the airlift bioreactor. CONCLUSION: The airlift bioreactor was shown to be much more suitable for rapid vegetative propagation of transgenic U. pinnatifida gametophytes than the bubble-column bioreactor in the laboratory. The use of blue light allows improvement of vegetative propagation of transgenic U. pinnatifida gametophytes. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

转基因海带配子体的制备与高效增殖

海带具有很高的营养价值和经济社会价值。自20世纪90年代以来，本实验室在借鉴高等植物基因工程原理和方法的基础上，根据海带自身特点，建立了海带遗传转化体系（海带孢子体表达系统），它的基本原理是利用基因枪法转化海带配子体，经孤雌或受精途径再生幼孢子体后，用氯霉素筛选幼孢子体获得转基因海带，然后进行海上安全栽培和转基因产品的检测与提取。目前该表达系统已成功实现报告基因（β-半乳糖苷酶基因，lacZ）和功能基因（乙肝表面抗原基因，HBsAg）的稳定表达。 由于海带孢子体表达系统需经孢子体再生和海上栽培等阶段，周期较长，而且转基因安全性问题也在一定程度上制约其研究与应用。因此，我们在海带孢子体表达系统的基础上又建立和优化了海带配子体表达系统，并成功实现了报告基因（绿色荧光蛋白基因，GFP）的瞬间表达和功能基因（瑞替普酶基因，rt-PA）的稳定表达。虽然海带配子体表达系统能避免转基因安全性问题，周期较短，但在表达量和生物量积累方面，与孢子体表达系统相比还有较大差距。 本文首先在海带配子体表达系统中成功实现了人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子基因（hafgf）和鲎素基因（tac）的稳定表达，制备了转基因海带配子体，然后将光生物反应器培养技术应用于转基因海带配子体的高效增殖，以期解决阻碍海带配子体表达系统发展的量的问题，并为转基因海带配子体的大规模培养提供试验依据和技术支持。 本文的研究结果为： 1、人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子基因和鲎素基因可以稳定整合到海带配子体基因组中，实现转基因产物的表达。 2、根据转基因海带配子体的生长特点，研制开发了一套培养体积为300 ml的鼓泡式光生物反应器，它具有操作简便、成本低廉、适合海带配子体生长等特点。随后将培养体系扩大到2.5 L，并研究了光对转基因海带配子体生长的影响，试验结果显示，转基因海带配子体在光强为30 μE m-2 s-1时即可达到光饱和生长，最优光周期为14:10 LD，而且蓝光可促进转基因海带配子体的生长。 3、在前期研究工作的基础上，为改善反应器内的传质条件，我们又设计研制了2.5 L气升式光生物反应器用于转基因海带配子体的高效增殖。研究发现，气升式光生物反应器较鼓泡式光生物反应器能明显地改善反应器内的传质状态，实现转基因海带配子体更高密度的培养（生物量可达到1,990 mg L-1），是一套高密度悬浮培养转基因海带配子体的有效装置和设备。

Cartilha dia de campo: suinocultura e meio ambiente: termo de compromisso de ajustamento de conduta da suinocultura.

Apresenta um breve resumo dos principais aspectos que fora abordados nas dez estações que compuseram a programação do dia de campo. Além disso, ela foi elaborada levando-se em considerações as dúvidas mais freqüentes que os suinocultores têm demonstrado em relação aos aspectos legais e técnicos do TAC da suinocultura.

Application of signal detection methods to fisheries management

The abundance of many commercially important fish stocks are declining and this has led to widespread concern on the performance of traditional approach in fisheries management. Quantitative models are used for obtaining estimates of population abundance and the management advice is based on annual harvest levels (TAC), where only a certain amount of catch is allowed from specific fish stocks. However, these models are data intensive and less useful when stocks have limited historical information. This study examined whether empirical stock indicators can be used to manage fisheries. The relationship between indicators and the underlying stock abundance is not direct and hence can be affected by disturbances that may account for both transient and persistent effects. Methods from Statistical Process Control (SPC) theory such as the Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) control charts are useful in classifying these effects and hence they can be used to trigger management response only when a significant impact occurs to the stock biomass. This thesis explores how empirical indicators along with CUSUM can be used for monitoring, assessment and management of fish stocks. I begin my thesis by exploring various age based catch indicators, to identify those which are potentially useful in tracking the state of fish stocks. The sensitivity and response of these indicators towards changes in Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB) showed that indicators based on age groups that are fully selected to the fishing gear or Large Fish Indicators (LFIs) are most useful and robust across the range of scenarios considered. The Decision-Interval (DI-CUSUM) and Self-Starting (SS-CUSUM) forms are the two types of control charts used in this study. In contrast to the DI-CUSUM, the SS-CUSUM can be initiated without specifying a target reference point (‘control mean’) to detect out-of-control (significant impact) situations. The sensitivity and specificity of SS-CUSUM showed that the performances are robust when LFIs are used. Once an out-of-control situation is detected, the next step is to determine how much shift has occurred in the underlying stock biomass. If an estimate of this shift is available, they can be used to update TAC by incorporation into Harvest Control Rules (HCRs). Various methods from Engineering Process Control (EPC) theory were tested to determine which method can measure the shift size in stock biomass with the highest accuracy. Results showed that methods based on Grubb’s harmonic rule gave reliable shift size estimates. The accuracy of these estimates can be improved by monitoring a combined indicator metric of stock-recruitment and LFI because this may account for impacts independent of fishing. The procedure of integrating both SPC and EPC is known as Statistical Process Adjustment (SPA). A HCR based on SPA was designed for DI-CUSUM and the scheme was successful in bringing out-of-control fish stocks back to its in-control state. The HCR was also tested using SS-CUSUM in the context of data poor fish stocks. Results showed that the scheme will be useful for sustaining the initial in-control state of the fish stock until more observations become available for quantitative assessments.

Level of beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 inhibition determines degree of cardiac dysfunction after chronic pressure overload-induced heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure is characterized by abnormalities in beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) signaling, including increased level of myocardial betaAR kinase 1 (betaARK1). Our previous studies have shown that inhibition of betaARK1 with the use of the Gbetagamma sequestering peptide of betaARK1 (betaARKct) can prevent cardiac dysfunction in models of heart failure. Because inhibition of betaARK activity is pivotal for amelioration of cardiac dysfunction, we investigated whether the level of betaARK1 inhibition correlates with the degree of heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: Transgenic (TG) mice with varying degrees of cardiac-specific expression of betaARKct peptide underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 12 weeks. Cardiac function was assessed by serial echocardiography in conscious mice, and the level of myocardial betaARKct protein was quantified at termination of the study. TG mice showed a positive linear relationship between the level of betaARKct protein expression and fractional shortening at 12 weeks after TAC. TG mice with low betaARKct expression developed severe heart failure, whereas mice with high betaARKct expression showed significantly less cardiac deterioration than wild-type (WT) mice. Importantly, mice with a high level of betaARKct expression had preserved isoproterenol-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity and normal betaAR densities in the cardiac membranes. In contrast, mice with low expression of the transgene had marked abnormalities in betaAR function, similar to the WT mice. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that the level of betaARK1 inhibition determines the degree to which cardiac function can be preserved in response to pressure overload and has important therapeutic implications when betaARK1 inhibition is considered as a molecular target.

Opportunistic Control Over Shared Wireless Channels

© 2015 IEEE.We consider a wireless control architecture with multiple control loops over a shared wireless medium. A scheduler observes the random channel conditions that each control system experiences over the shared medium and opportunistically selects systems to transmit at a set of non-overlapping frequencies. The transmit power of each system also adapts to channel conditions and determines the probability of successfully receiving and closing the loop. We formulate the optimal design of channel-aware scheduling and power allocation that minimize the total power consumption while meeting control performance requirements for all systems. In particular, it is required that for each control system a given Lyapunov function decreases at a specified rate in expectation over the random channel conditions. We develop an offline algorithm to find the optimal communication design, as well as an online protocol which selects scheduling and power variables based on a random observed channel sequence and converges almost surely to the optimal operating point. Simulations illustrate the power savings of our approach compared to other non-channel-aware schemes.

CB1 cannabinoid receptor deficiency promotes cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload in mice

Background: The endocannabinoid system is known to play a role in regulating myocardial contractility, but the influence of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) deficiency on chronic heart failure (CHF) remains unclear. In this study we attempted to investigate the effect of CB1 deficiency on CHF induced by pressure overload and the possible mechanisms involved. Methods and results: A CHF model was created by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in both CB1 knockout mice and wild-type mice. CB1 knockout mice showed a marked increase of mortality due to CHF from 4 to 8 weeks after TAC (p = 0.021). Five weeks after TAC, in contrast to wild-type mice, CB1 knockout mice had a higher left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure, lower rate of LV pressure change (± dp/dt max), lower LV contractility index, and a larger heart weight to body weight ratio and lung weight to body weight ratio compared with wild-type mice (all p < 0.05-0.001). Phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38 and ERK) was higher in CB1 knockout mice than that in wild-type mice. In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, a CB1 agonist reduced cAMP production stimulated by isoproterenol or forskolin, and suppressed phosphorylation of the EGFR, P38, and ERK, while the inhibitory effect of a CB1 agonist on EGFR phosphorylation was abrogated by CB1 knockdown. Conclusion: These findings indicate that cannabinoid receptor 1 inactivation promotes cardiac remodeling by enhancing the activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinases. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

A Fast Nonlinear Model Identification Method

The identification of nonlinear dynamic systems using linear-in-the-parameters models is studied. A fast recursive algorithm (FRA) is proposed to select both the model structure and to estimate the model parameters. Unlike orthogonal least squares (OLS) method, FRA solves the least-squares problem recursively over the model order without requiring matrix decomposition. The computational complexity of both algorithms is analyzed, along with their numerical stability. The new method is shown to require much less computational effort and is also numerically more stable than OLS.

Blogs as virtual environments for teaching and learning in Higher Education

The transformation of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into knowledge and learning technologies is increasingly becoming a matter of concern. Teaching settings associated with the use of blogs in Higher Education are presented in this paper, proceeding from an innovative learning experience of projects carried out by a group of professors between 2009 and 2013. Both, teachers and students who took part in the subjects that implemented the blog, considered it as helpful resource to create a virtual and learning-teaching environment due to the multiple potentialities it offers. Among some of these potentialities, some stand out: it makes easier the access to knowledge, promotes a more active and reflective learning, expands the social experience of learning, provides evidence about the students’ progress which helps to reorient the teaching-learning process, and encourages the critical judgment. Nevertheless, several problems related with the students’ participation and the teacher’s blog management have been identified.