HIGH PRESSURE VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA OF PALM FATTY ACIDS DISTILLATES-CARBON DIOXIDE SYSTEM

Vapor-Liquid equilibria of palm fatty acids distillates/carbon dioxide system has been investigated experimentally at temperatures of 333, 353, and 373 K and pressures of 20, 23, 26, and 29 MPa using the static method. Experimental data for the quasi-binary system palm fatty acids distillates/carbon dioxide has been correlated with Redlich-Kwong-Aspen equation of state. Modeling shows good agreement with experimental data. Selectivity obtained indicates that supercritical carbon dioxide is a reasonable solvent for separating saturated (palmitic acid) and unsaturated (oleic+linoleic acids) fatty acids from palm fatty acids distillates in a continuous multistage countercurrent column.

Otimização do cozimento de filé de frango empanado em forno de injeção direta de vapor

Foi estudado o efeito da temperatura do ar (205-215°C) e do tempo de cozimento (3,5 - 4,1 minutos), sobre a temperatura interna e o rendimento durante o cozimento do filé de frango empanado usando a metodologia de superfície de resposta, obtendo-se modelos estatísticos adequados. Verificou-se que as melhores condições de processo foram o emprego de temperaturas entre 206 e 209°C e tempos entre 2,5 e 3,6 minutos.

Determinação da pressão de vapor de compostos orgânicos por cromatografia gasosa

O conhecimento das pressões de vapor dos compostos naturais e suas propriedades críticas, de grande interesse para a extração supercrítica e impregnação de polímeros pelo processo supercrítico, é imprescindível para se fazer a modelagem termodinâmica do equilíbrio de fases. No entanto, a escassez de dados experimentais desses compostos, devida à alta volatilidade, ou facilidade à degradação em temperaturas baixas, requer a utilização de métodos especiais. Neste trabalho, determinaram-se as pressões de vapor da curcumina, nicotina, d-limoneno, beta-mirceno, citronelal e linalol, através de um método que utiliza medidas de tempo de retenção por cromatografia gasosa. Utilizou-se detector de ionização de chama e coluna em fase estacionária não polar, em condições isotérmicas. O método apresenta vantagens em relação a outros métodos, quanto à rapidez de análise, quantidade e repetibilidade das amostras. Para as determinações das pressões de vapor destes compostos naturais requer-se o conhecimento da temperatura normal de ebulição, ou temperatura de fusão e das pressões de vapor dos homólogos dos compostos analisados.

Mechanical and water vapor permeability properties of biodegradables films based on methylcellulose, glucomannan, pectin and gelatin

Mimic biological structures such as the cell wall of plant tissues may be an alternative to obtain biodegradable films with improved mechanical and water vapor barrier properties. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties and water vapor permeability (WVP) of films produced by using the solvent-casting technique from blended methylcellulose, glucomannan, pectin and gelatin. First, films from polysaccharides at pH 4 were produced. The film with the best mechanical performance (tensile strength = 72.63 MPa; elongation = 9.85%) was obtained from methylcellulose-glucomannan-pectin at ratio 1:4:1, respectively. Then, gelatin was added to this polysaccharide blend and the pH was adjusted to 4, 5 and 6. Results showed significant improvement in WVP when films were made at pH 5 and at polysaccharides/gelatin ratio of 90/10 and 10/90, reaching 0.094 and 0.118 g.mm/h.m².kPa as values, respectively. Films with the best mechanical properties were obtained from the blend of polysaccharides, whereas WVP was improved from the blend of polysaccharides and gelatin at pH 5.

The effect of relative humidity on tensile strength and water vapor permeability in chitosan, fish gelatin and transglutaminase edible films

Abstract Composite films of chitosan, fish gelatin and microbial transglutaminase (MTgase) were developed. Films were produced by the casting method and dried at room temperature for 30 h, conditioned for 7 days at 30 °C at a relative humidity (RH) from 11 to 90%, and characterized. Chitosan:fish gelatin films in different proportions (100:0, 75:25, 50:50) with MTgase, were subjected to tensile properties and water vapor transmission (WVT) testing. The results showed that tensile strength decreased with an increase in RH and with an increase in gelatin content. Percent of elongation also increased with increasing RH and gelatin concentration. Water vapor transmission showed an increase proportional to an increase in RH with the presence of gelatin being unfavorable for reducing WVT. Results in this work allowed studying the effect of relative humidity on tensile and water vapor properties of chitosan and fish gelatin films.

Torricelli, energia a vapor e o sentido tecnológico da Revolução Científica

Starting from Evangelista Torricelli's pneumatic discoveries, we try to show that the crucial discoveries in pure science associated with the Scientific Revolution, although they may not have found immediate practical applications, have markedly impelled technological progress in the medium term - contrary to the diffused notion which states that the links between science and technology during the modern period have been tenuous, at best. Torricelli's ideas have turned into one of the privileged research areas for then newborn experimental program, actively participating in a process of reformulation in scientific research's epistemological base, which have culminated in steam power productive application.

Diseño térmico del sobrecalentador de un generador de vapor

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Mecánica, con especialidad en Diseño ) - Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica

Efecto de la presión del vapor sobre el coeficiente de transferencia de calor por convección libre

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Mecánica con Especialidad en Térmica y Fluidos) UANL, 1998.

Puesta en Marcha del generador de vapor instalado en la planta termoeléctrica del Valle de México

UANL

En tierra yankee : notas a todo vapor, 1895

UANL

Delicias del nuevo paraíso recogidas al vapor en el siglo de la eléctricidad

UANL

Els programes de nivell 1 a l'escola Vapor del Rec. 'Los programas de nivel 1 en la escuela Vapor del Rec'.

Documento incluído en el volumen 'Experiències d'innovació educativa. Tractament de la diversitat'. Se trata de la puesta en marcha, con carácter experimental, de los Programas de Garantía Social llamados Programas de Nivel 1, constituidos por el Instituto Municipal de Educación de Barcelona. Los programas de Nivel 1 se desarrollan durante todo el curso escolar y comprenden diversos créditos formativos: comunicación y cultura, ciencias aplicadas, formación tecnológica, tutoría y orientación, prácticas a empresas del sector. Describe los objetivos generales de los créditos: comunicación y cultura, ciencias aplicadas y orientación-tutoría. Estos programas están orientados a los alumnos que no han superado la E.S.O..

Mecanismes a la tecnologia de l'ESO : segona part el tren de vapor. 'Mecanismos en la tecnología de la ESO : segunda parte el tren de vapor'.

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Blackbody emission under laser excitation of silicon nanopowder produced by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition

Previous results concerning radiative emission under laser irradiation of silicon nanopowder are reinterpreted in terms of thermal emission. A model is developed that considers the particles in the powder as independent, so under vacuum the only dissipation mechanism is thermal radiation. The supralinear dependence observed between the intensity of the emitted radiation and laser power is predicted by the model, as is the exponential quenching when the gas pressure around the sample increases. The analysis allows us to determine the sample temperature. The local heating of the sample has been assessed independently by the position of the transverse optical Raman mode. Finally, it is suggested that the photoluminescence observed in porous silicon and similar materials could, in some cases, be blackbody radiation

Gas collisions and pressure quenching of the photoluminescence of silicon nanopowder grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

The quenching of the photoluminescence of Si nanopowder grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition due to pressure was measured for various gases ( H2, O2, N2, He, Ne, Ar, and Kr) and at different temperatures. The characteristic pressure, P0, of the general dependence I(P)=I0exp(-P/P0) is gas and temperature dependent. However, when the number of gas collisions is taken as the variable instead of pressure, then the quenching is the same within a gas family (mono- or diatomic) and it is temperature independent. So it is concluded that the effect depends on the number of gas collisions irrespective of the nature of the gas or its temperature