Folk singers during Labour Day march Brisbane 1965

Folk singers during the Labor Day procession, in Brisbane, Australia, May 1965. One person holds a banner relating to the S.S. Binburra

Editorial

Readers may have noted that a short but very important announcement was made in the last issue of CLAE, at the top of the contents page. CLAE has been accepted by Thomson Reuters for abstracting and indexing in its SciSearch, Journal Citation Reports, and Current Contents services. This will ensure a greater visibility to the international research community. In addition, in June 2012 CLAE will receive its very first official Impact Factor – a measure of journal influence of importance to authors and readers alike. The impact factor value has not yet been decided but internal estimates by Elsevier estimate it will be around 1, and it will be applied to all CLAE issue back to January 2009 (volume 32). I would guess readers at this stage would have one of two responses – either ‘that's good news’ or perhaps ‘what's an impact factor?’ If you are in the latter camp then allow me to try and explain. Basically the impact factor or citation index of a journal is based on how many times in the previous year papers published in that journal in the previous two years were cited by authors publishing in other journals. So the 2012 impact factor for CLAE is calculated on how many times in 2011 papers that were published in CLAE in 2010 and 2009 were cited in other journals in 2011, divided by the number of papers published in CLAE 2010 and 2009. Essentially authors will try and get their work published in journals with a higher impact factor as it is thought that the paper will be cited more by other authors or the paper will have higher visibility in the arena. For universities having its published output in higher journals is one of the markers used to judge esteem. For individual authors publishing in journals with a higher impact factor or the number of times one of their papers is published is something that they are likely to add to their CVs or demonstrate the importance of their work. Journals with higher impact factors tend to be more review journals or journals with a wider spectrum so for a relatively small journal with a specialised field like CLAE it is great to be listed with a citation index. The awarding of a citation index crowns many changes that CLAE has undergone since the current Editor took the reins in 2005. CLAE has increased from four issues (in 2004) to six issues per year with at least one review article per issue and one article with continuing education per issue. The rejection rate has gone up significantly meaning that only best papers are published (currently it stands at 37%). CLAE has been Medline/Pubmed indexed for a few years now which is also a very important factor in improving visibility of the journal. The submission and reviewing process for CLAE in now entirely online and finally the editorial board has changed from being merely a list of keynote people to being an active group of keynote people who are enthusiastically involved with the journal. From the editorial board one person is appointed as a Reviews Editor plus we have two additional editors who work as Regional Editors. As ever, on behalf of CLAE I would like to thank the BCLA Council for their continued support (especially Vivien Freeman) and Elsevier for their continuing guidance (in particular Andrew Miller and Rosie Davey) and the excellent Editorial Board (Christopher Snyder, Pauline Cho, Eric Papas, Jan Bergmanson, Roger Buckley, Patrick Caroline, Dwight Cavanagh, Robin Chalmers, Michael Doughty, Nathan Efron, Michel Guillon, Nizar Hirji, Meng Lin, Florence Malet, Philip Morgan, Deborah Sweeney, Brian Tighe, Eef van Der Worp, Barry Weissman, Mark Willcox, James Wolffsohn and Craig Woods). And finally, a big thanks to the authors and reviewers who work tirelessly putting manuscripts together for publication in CLAE. Copyright © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Editorial

This time of year we look back at the year that has passed and make plans for the next year. I like to reflect on things that I have learnt and people that I have met, especially those who facilitated that learning. In 2009 I went to various conferences, The BCLA conference in Manchester, The Romanian Optical Society meeting in Brasov, Transylvania (where the university is actually on Vlad Tepes Street), The European Council for Optometry and Optics (ECOO) in Brno, Czech Republic, The American Academy of Optometry (AAO) in Orlando USA, The International Association of Contact Lens Educators (IACLE) meeting in Tianjin China and finally The Vereinigung Deutscher Contactlinsen-Spezialisten (VDCO) meeting in Jena. All were interesting places and thoroughly all were enjoyable conferences with their own highlights but I wanted to focus on Jena and one person I met there and his inspirational search for knowledge and the contributions he made in the field of contact lenses. Jena itself is a fascinating place and should be on the ‘must visit’ list of anyone involved in eye care. It is the birth place of Carl Zeiss of course and where he started his company. It is also the birth place of Ernst Abbe (physicist and optometrist and expert lens maker), and Otto Schott (chemist and technologist who made high quality glass. There are many road signs bearing witness to these famous pioneers. The optical museum is worth spending a few hours looking around too. I was invited to speak at the VDCO at the kind invitation from colleagues at the Jena School of Optometry, Professor Wolfgang Sickenberger and Professor Sebastian Marx. At this meeting I met 87-year-old Willi KAUE who was being awarded the Adolf Wilhelm Müller-Welt prize by the VDCO for contribution to contact lenses over his 60-year career. At the age of 15 Willi Kaue took up an apprenticeship to become an Optician in Germany in 1937. At this time he first heard about the scleral glass lenses made by the Carl Zeiss Company in Jena. This started his lifelong fascination which was to become his passion but not yet his career. During the war he was enlisted into military service but immediately after was back to his former career. In 1950 Willi corrected his own 3.5 dioptres of myopia with a plastic scleral lens. His fascination strengthened as for the first time he himself could experience a wider field of view than his spectacles gave him, less aberrations and less retinal minification. He also appreciated the fact that contact lenses did not cause pressure on the nose or ears and did not slide down his nose plus remained optically centred with his eye movements. He decided that form now on he would make fitting contact lenses his career. He travelled to London to learn more about contact lenses and how to fit them but initially did not find many willing teachers and to start with became largely self-taught. He wanted to know how to make scleral lenses. So far he only knew that pulverized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was pressed and moulded. In 1951 he met Berlin optician Otto Marzock. He made his only scleral lenses from using military PMMA windshields. His process involved lathe cutting the lenses and resulted in lenses that were thinner than moulded ones. Willi developed a manufacturing method, using a rotary diamond drill, starting form the outer edge and towards the centre at a constant cut speed. This enabled him to make more reproducible lenses and in less time. His enthusiasm in the field was clear from the travels he made in the pursuit of advancement - travelling around Europe, South America, North America and Asia. In 1963 he visited George Nissel in Hemel Hempstead, England. Constantly thriving towards innovations Willi came across the new Naturalens from the USA made from HEMA at a congress in Marseille in 1969. Amongst his contributions to the field, was his own technique of fitting ocular prosthetics, using an alginate impression of the orbit. I was fortunate enough to have dinner with Willi Kaue and learnt more about his fascinating career through the patient interpreting skills of Hilmar Bussacker (the 2008 winner of the same award and the 2007 winner of the European Federation of the Contact Lens and IOL Industries Award). I look forward to 2010 with eager anticipation as to what I may learn and who I might meet!!! Copyright © 2009 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Who gives a damn about intellectually disabled people and their families? Care-less spaces personified in the case of LB

On 5 October 2015 the inquest into Connor Sparrowhawk’s death began. A young autistic man, aged 18, died in the bath on 4 July 2013. He had a seizure. The rolling tweets from @LBInquest are harrowing to say the least. Unimaginable torture for Sara and Richard (his mother and step-father), as well as his siblings and others caring. Comments from the inquest such as ‘I felt that Connor should be checked on every 5 or 10 minutes when he was in the bath because of his epilepsy’ and ‘ensuring someone was outside the door when he was bathing was basic nursing care’ sound all the alarm bells for lack of care, because allegedly this did not happen. Clearly there was no one person looking out for him when he needed it the most. On 16 October 2015 the inquest jury found Connor’s death was contributed by neglect. This article will explore the absence of care in a care-less system.

A note on the axiomatization of the Nash equilibrium correspondence

A new axiomatization of the Nash equilibrium correspondence for n-person games based on independence of irrelevant strategies is given. Using a flexible general model, it is proved that the Nash equilibrium correspondence is the only solution to satisfy the axioms of non-emptiness, weak one-person rationality, independence of irrelevant strategies and converse independence of irrelevant strategies on the class of subgames of a fixed finite n-person game which admit at least one Nash equilibrium. It is also shown that these axioms are logically independent.

Heteronormativity and teaching: A phenomenological study of lesbian teachers

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand what impact “heteronormativity” has on a lesbian teacher's perception of her instructional style, content, and context of curriculum taught. Through taped interviews with lesbian educators, this research examined the lived experience of the lesbian teacher. The framework for this study included theories related to historical, sociocultural, and psychosocial development while the methodology included a qualitative design using primary elements of a phenomenological study outlined without ignoring the influence associated with contextualism. Due to the sensitive nature of the study nine women who were the focus of this research were volunteers with the first serving as a “gatekeeper” to assist in the pilot study. The subsequent group evolved as a result of “snowballing” to gain more participants. ^ The data in the form of narrative derived from the interviews was transcribed, color-coded, and organized into four themes and associated sub-themes, based upon the perceptions of these educators. These themes characterized the coming out process of a lesbian, which directly paralleled the personal and professional development of the lesbian educator, emerged as a result of the analysis. They included: (a) self-acknowledgement; (b) self-indentification; (c) coming out to other lesbians by overcoming fear and establishing relationships; (d) coming out to others by overcoming heteronormativity by using support groups in defining a lesbian's role as a teacher. ^ The results of this study showed that the acceptance of the lesbian culture, shared with the acknowledgement, rather than compliance or defiance, of cultural hegemony can allow the lesbian educator to develop a curriculum and a classroom climate that will foster understanding and even generate social change among colleagues, parents, and students, one person at a time. ^

Presumptive Identification of the Fungal Communities in Cystic Fibrosis Patients' Sputum Using Amplicon Length Heterogeneity Polymerase Chain Reaction

This thesis would not have been possible without the aid of my family, friends, laboratory members, and professors. First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Kalai Mathee for allowing me to enter her lab in August 2007 and enabling to embark on this journey. This experience has transformed me into more mature scientist, teaching me how to ask the right questions and the process needed to solve them. I would also like to acknowledge Dr. Lisa Schneper. She has helped me throughout the whole process, by graciously giving me input at every step of the way. I would like to express gratitude to Dr. Jennifer Richards for all her input in writing the thesis. She has been a great teacher and being in her class has been a pleasure. Moreover, I would like to thank all the committee members for their constructive criticism throughout the process. When I entered the lab in August, there was one person who literally was by my side, Melissa Doud. Without your input and guidance I would not have even been able to do these experiments. I would also like to thank you and Dr. Light for allowing me to meet some cystic fibrosis patients. It has allowed me to put a face on the disease, and help the patients' fight. For a period before I had entered the lab, Ms. Doud had an apprentice, who started the fungal aspect of the project, Caroline Veronese. Her initial work has enabled me to prefect the protocols and complete the ITS 1 region.One very unique aspect about Dr. Mathee's lab is the camaraderie. I would like to thank all the lab members for the good times in and out of the lab. These individuals have been able to make smile and laugh in parties and lab meetings. I would like to individually thank Balachandar Dananjeyan, Deepak Balasubramanian, and V arinderpal Singh Pannu for all the PCR help and Natalie Maricic for the laughs and being a great classmate. Last, but not least, I would like to acknowledge my family and friends for their support and keeping me sane: Cecilia, my mother, Mohammad, my father, Amir, my older brother, Billal, my younger brother, Ouday Akkari and Stephanie De Bedout, my best friends.

Mapping group knowledge

During group meetings it is often difficult for participants to effectively: share their knowledge to inform the outcome; acquire new knowledge from others to broaden and/or deepen their understanding; utilise all available knowledge to design an outcome; and record (to retain) the rationale behind the outcome to inform future activities. These are difficult because, for example: only one person can share knowledge at once which challenges effective sharing; information overload makes acquisition problematic and can marginalize important knowledge; and intense dialog of conflicting views makes recording more complex.

Geographic Information Systems-Based Approaches to Study Congressional Redistricting in the United States

The ability for the citizens of a nation to determine their own representation has long been regarded as one of the most critical objectives of any electoral system. Without having the assurance of equality in representation, the fundamental nature and operation of the political system is severely undermined. Given the centuries of institutional reforms and population changes in the American system, Congressional Redistricting stands as an institution whereby this promise of effective representation can either be fulfilled or denied. The broad set of processes that encapsulate Congres- sional Redistricting have been discussed, experimented, and modified to achieve clear objectives and have long been understood to be important. Questions remain about how the dynamics which link all of these processes operate and what impact the real- ities of Congressional Redistricting hold for representation in the American system. This dissertation examines three aspects of how Congressional Redistricting in the Untied States operates in accordance with the principle of “One Person, One Vote.” By utilizing data and data analysis techniques of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), this dissertation seeks to address how Congressional Redistricting impacts the principle of one person, one vote from the standpoint of legislator accountability, redistricting institutions, and the promise of effective minority representation.

Famílias Unipessoais Idosas: um estudo das redes sociais pessoais de idosos que vivem sós

Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as características estruturais, funcionais e relacionais-contextuais das redes sociais pessoais de famílias unipessoais idosas. Metodologia: Utilizámos para recolha de dados um questionário para caracterizar sociodemograficamente a amostra, o Instrumento de Análise da Rede Social Pessoal (versão para idosos) (IARSP-Idosos) (Guadalupe, 2010; Guadalupe e Vicente 2012) e a escala de solidão UCLA (Neto, 1989). Participantes: A amostra é constituída por 567 indivíduos com média de idades de 75,53 anos, maioritariamente do sexo feminino (63,0%; n = 357). Predominam os sujeitos casados (53,7%; n = 304), com filhos (87,8%; n = 498) e em situação de coabitação (n = 450; 79,4%). Contudo, 20,6% (n = 117) vivem sós, constituindo as famílias unipessoais. Resultados: As redes sociais dos idosos têm em média 7,99 elementos, predominantemente familiares (M = 76,89%). Os participantes percecionam um nível elevado de apoio por parte das suas redes. São redes coesas, pouco dispersas e os contactos entre os elementos são frequentes. As mulheres, os indivíduos solteiros, viúvos ou divorciados e os idosos sem filhos têm uma maior probabilidade de viverem sós (p < 0,05) e estes apresentam uma maior probabilidade de necessitar de apoio social formal (p < 0,05). As famílias unipessoais, quando comparadas com os que não vivem sós, apresentam um maior número de campos relacionais e maior proporção de relações de amizade e de vizinhança (p < 0,05). Têm menor perceção de apoio material e instrumental, informativo, companhia social, acesso a novos vínculos e reciprocidade de apoio (p < 0,05). Além disso, referem menor frequência de contactos e uma maior dispersão geográfica (p < 0,05). Nas famílias unipessoais, observou-se a existência de correlações negativas significativas (p < 0,05) entre a percepção de solidão e o tamanho da rede, a proporção das relações familiares na rede, o apoio emocional e informativo e a reciprocidade de apoio. CONCLUSÃO: Os idosos com famílias unipessoais percecionam menor apoio por parte das suas redes, tendo uma maior propensão à solidão. É fundamental, ao longo do ciclo vital, promover a quantidade e qualidade dos vínculos, no sentido de manter a efetividade do suporte das redes mesmo quando se vive só. / Objectives: The present study aims to analyze the structural, functional and relational-contextual characteristics of older single-person households. Methodology: We used as instruments a questionnaire to evaluate sociodemographic data, the Instrumento de Análise da Rede Social Pessoal (version for elderly people: IARSP-Idosos) (Guadalupe, 2010; Guadalupe e Vicente 2012) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Neto, 1989). Participants: The sample consists of 567 individuals with an average age of 75.53 years, mostly females (63.0%; n = 357). There is a predominance of married individuals (53.7%; n = 304) with children (87.8%; n = 498). Older people live mainly in cohabitation (n = 450; 79.4%), however 20.6% oh them live alone, constituting one-person households. Results: The elderly personal social networks have 8 elements, on average, with a predominance of family relationships (M = 76.89%). The participants perceived a high level of support from their networks. In general the networks are cohesive, with low dispersion and have frequent contacts. The women, single, widowed or divorced and childless elderly are more likely to live alone (p < 0.05) and to need social services support (p < 0.05). The single-person households, compared with those who do not live alone, have a greater number of relational fields and a higher proportion of friendships and neighborhood relations (p < 0.05). They have a lower perception of material and informative support, social company and acess to new ties and reciprocal support (p < 0.05). They also refer lowest frequency of contacts and a wider geographical dispersion (p < 0.05). In single-person households there was a negative significant correlation between the perception of loneliness and the social network size, the proportion of family relationships in the network, emotional and informational support and reciprocal support. Conclusions: The elderly single-person households perceived less support from their networks and a greater propensity to loneliness. It is critical to promot the quality of ties, rather then their quantity, throughout the life cycle, in order to maintain the network effectiveness even when the person lives alone.

Adaptive Crowd Algorithms for Open-Ended Problems

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Unruptured arteriovenous malformations of the brain

Unruptured, asymptomatic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) lurk in the brains of approximately one person in every thousand; their prevalence, based on four studies of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 7,359 people without brain disorders, 1-4 was 0.1 % (95% confidence interval [CI] 0% to 0.2%). Some of these brain AVMs may be discovered if and when they cause intracranial haemorrhage, epileptic seizure(s), headache, or a focal neurological deficit, but many brain AVMs may potentially lie dormant from the cradle to the grave.

As redes sociais online na hotelaria

Dissertação de Mestrado, Direção e Gestão Hoteleira, Escola Superior de Gestão, Hotelaria e Turismo, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

De patrones a parámetros : una evaluación de los patrones espaciales en los pabellones de la Serpentine Gallery (2000-2015)

La actual realidad socioeconómica, marcada por la (r)evolución tecnológica de los último años y la explosión demográfica y urbana, conlleva dos grandes problemas. Por un lado el cambio climático derivado de la sobreexplotación de los recursos y energías no-renovables, y por otro, la pérdida de las identidades y procesos culturales específicos provocada por la globalización. Ante ellos, diversos autores plantean sacar partido de las propias tecnologías y la nueva sociedad en red para dar una respuesta acorde al momento actual. Las herramientas computacionales permiten una mayor complejidad de los diseños alcanzando una optimización de recursos y procesos, minimizando su impacto ambiental. Frente a la producción en masa y la pérdida de identidad, el planteamiento informático de problemas globales permite pasar de la producción en masa del siglo pasado a la ‘customización’ en masa al dar respuestas específicas para cada contexto. Por otro lado es necesario que esos procesos computacionales conecten y hagan partícipes del diseño a los diferentes actores sociales implicados. Es por ello que esta investigación se basará en los patrones espaciales de Christopher Alexander y otros modelos algorítmicos de diseño por ordenador puesto que estos describen soluciones paramétricas a conflictos recurrentes de diseño de arquitectura. Su planteamiento permite que cada solución base genere respuestas específicas, a la vez que esta es corregida y optimizada por todos sus utilizadores al poder ser compartida digitalmente. Con ello se busca que el diseño de arquitectura responda a criterios objetivos basados en la experiencia y la crítica participativa y democrática basada en los patrones, de tal modo que los diseños no surjan de un planteamiento top-down impuesto y cerrado, sino que en ellos gane importancia la participación activa de los actores sociales implicados en la definición y uso de los mismos. Por último, esta investigación procura mostrar cómo los patrones pueden jugar un papel determinante en la conceptualización abstracta del diseño, mientras que otros métodos algorítmicos alcanzarán fases del proyecto más concretas. De este modo, los patrones digitales que se pretenden se centran en la customización del diseño, mientras que el uso que le dan otros autores persigue la optimización del mismo. Para ello la investigación recurrirá al análisis de los pabellones de verano de la Serpentine Gallery como casos de estudio en los que comprobar la repercusión de los patrones en el diseño de arquitectura actual y su posible adaptación al diseño paramétrico.

Aproximación al desarrollo de un sistema de transporte masivo a través de la dinámica de sistemas

El porvenir social y económico de una ciudad depende, en gran medida, de la eficiencia de su sistema de transporte; esto se ve reflejado en la capacidad de transportar personas y bienes de una forma sostenible, con los recursos disponibles. En la actualidad se encuentran en desarrollo sistemas de transporte masivo tipo Bus Rapid Transit [BRT] en siete ciudades colombianas, situación que genera la necesidad de dar seguimiento a su progreso y al crecimiento de su participación en la demanda de viajes unipersonales. El siguiente trabajo busca, a través de una simulación en dinámica de sistemas, describir el desarrollo de un sistema de transporte masivo, con el fin de otorgar una visión acerca del impacto de los parámetros operativos y la reinversión en el sistema y en el desarrollo e incremento de su demanda. Se plantean tres escenarios para evaluar diferentes políticas operativas y de reinversión en el sistema, analizando el comportamiento en su desarrollo.