974 resultados para Lispector, Clarice, 1920-1977. O mistério do coelho pensante Teses
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico (CNPq)
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Este artigo discute as notas deixadas ao p de cada pgina, como marca de leitura, por aquele que o pr-leitor do texto original: o tradutor. Ao inserir a nota, o tradutor est avaliando a necessidade do esclarecimento que pretende prestar e, automaticamente, julgando a capacidade do leitor em compreender o texto. Questes conflitantes para quem traduz, considerando que as notas so, segundo a crtica, o meio de maior visibilidade para o tradutor enquanto escritor. A discusso proposta, neste trabalho, se restringe traduo da obra Donde estuvistes de noche? de Clarice Lispector, traduzido por Cristina Peri Rossi, na Espanha.
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Il presente lavoro di ricerca si inserisce allinterno degli ambiti di interesse del settore disciplinare dellICAR 10 Architettura Tecnica, rappresentato dalla Storia della costruzione. In questo quadro, lo studio sulla Costruzione Moderna a Bologna tra il 1920 e il 1940, costituisce un tassello di una ricerca pi ampia ed intesa a delineare limportanza assunta dalla vicenda bolognese nel definire il profilo teorico ed applicativo della tecnica in cemento armato nella genesi del linguaggio architettonico che connota lesperienza del Modernismo italiano degli anni trenta. La ricaduta pi diretta della ricerca rintracciabile nella creazione di una base informativa ipertestuale strutturata secondo diversi livelli di lettura tra loro correlati: la localizzazione, i progettisti e le imprese costruttrici, lanno di realizzazione, la tipologia, le tecniche costruttive impiegate, la storia delledificio, le trasformazioni, la localizzazione della documentazione e le fonti bibliografiche, con collegamenti ipertestuali che consentono di consultare il materiale documentario. Gli esiti di tale studio hanno una duplice finalit: da un lato tale lavoro restituisce una mappatura analitica del patrimonio edilizio costruito nel ventennio analizzato, consentendo una registrazione sintetica ma puntuale delle fonti archivistiche e dei relativi apparati documentali. Un lavoro di supporto indispensabile per ogni futura ricerca intesa ad indagare le singole vicende che hanno accompagnato lo sviluppo edilizio della citt di Bologna. In seconda istanza questo studio consente di porre in luce limportanza assunta dai magisteri tecnici nel definire le scelte di ordine architettonico, ovvero di evidenziare come la conoscenza della storia materiale degli edifici induca a formulare una valutazione pi appropriata e stringente sugli esiti architettonici conseguiti, superando cos lastrattezza di una interpretazione votata ai soli aspetti figurativi.
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In the first third of the 20th century, Spain entered into modernity thanks to the positive state of its economic, cultural and social domains after the First World War. The objective of this article is to understand the role of artistic advertisements in the transformation of Spanish society that occurred during the decade of the 20s. My study of the illustrated magazine La Esfera has revealed that illustrated advertisements spread fashion, fostered sports and outdoors life, created the habit of smoking among women and had an educational influence that was powerful enough to change hygienic practices among children.
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So what do you want to know? I was in Paris between 75 and 78. But about half way through, Sylvre published the Anti-Oedipus issue of Semiotext(e) and, actually, that was for me one of the deciding events that made me decide to come to the United States, to come study at Columbia University. There appeared to be this little group working at Columbia working around these issues. In 1970, in Paris even, Deleuze was a cult there was an incredibly small number of people following Deleuze... A transcript of my Interview with Kwinter about the Architectural Reception of Deleuze in America, which took place at Jerrys,' Soho, New York, 15 January 2003. The transcript appeared as an Appendix at the back of my Masters Thesis undertaken at Yale School of Architecture, printed May 2003.
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A right of resale, or droit de suite (a right to follow), is a legislative instrument under intellectual property law, which enables artists to receive a percentage of the sale price whenever artistic works are resold. A French legal scholar, Albert Vaunois, first articulated the need for a 'droit de suite' in connection with fine art back in 1893. The French Government introduced a scheme to protect the right of resale in 1920, after controversy over artists living in poverty, while public auction houses were profiting from the resale of their artistic creations. In the United States, there has been less support for a right of resale amongst legislatures. After lobbying from artists such as the king of pop art, Robert Rauschenberg, the state of California passed the Resale Royalties Act in 1977. At a Federal level, the United States Congress has shown some reluctance in providing national recognition for a right of resale in the United States. A number of other European countries have established a right of resale. In 2001, the European Council adopted the Artists' Resale directive and recognised that the 'artist's resale right forms an integral part of copyright and is an essential prerogative for authors.' In 2006, the United Kingdom promulgated regulations, giving effect to a right of resale in that jurisdiction. However, a number of Latin American and African countries have established a right of resale. The New Zealand Parliament has debated a bill on a right of resale.
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Literary tale of A.M. Remizov (1900s 1920s) The thesis is devoted to a detailed historical-literary description of a tale as a genre tradition in the creative work of Alexei Mikhailovich Remizov (1877-1957), one of the major Russian prose writers of the 20s century. This very approach allows to specify the place and functional meaning of this genre in literary practice of the writer and to appeal to one of the key problems of the 20-21 century literature history a specific of modernistic literature composition principle and a role of montage techniques in its formation. Remizov was working on tales during his whole life, though the most productive years of folklore studies fell to 1900s 1910s. During this period he intensively studied folklore materials, narrated several hundreds of folk tales and in 1900s 1920s published eight tale collections which played a significant role in the formation of stylistic and compositional principles of his prose of the 1910s 1920s, especially montage techniques, which in its turn influenced the development of the narrative forms in the Russian post-revolutionary literature. At the same time a tale has specified not only poetics but also problematics of Remizovs creative work, as when choosing folklore sources the writer always alluded to modern themes and relevant intellectual trends. The current research work, based on various archive materials and a wide spectrum of modern historical-literary data, complies four chapters with a consistent description of creation history, publication and critics reviews of Remizovs tale collections and single tales contributing to his creative evolution characteristic. Furthermore, the work refers to composition and subject of the particular collections. On the whole it enables to follow up genre dynamics. The first chapter of the work is devoted to Posolon (Sunwise), the earliest tale collection of Remizov. The main feature of the collection is that its composition is oriented on the agrarian calendar and the subject on the system of mythological views reflected in the Russian folklore. This very collection to a large extent corresponds to the writers views on the myth represented in Pismo v redaktsiyu (Letter to the Editor). The history of this manifesto appearing is analyzed in the second chapter. The incident which caused its forthcoming contributed to legitimization of Remizovs narrations as a relevant genre of modern literature and to upgrading the writer in professional hierarchy. The third chapter analyzes Remizovs collections of 1900s early 1920s, a result of Remizovs scrupulous work with a specific tale material. He is acting here as a tale repertory researcher and in some cases as a collector as well. The means of such collections topical organization is not the myth but the hero of the tale. According to this principle single pieces are grouped into cycles, which then form complicated montage constructs. Texts themselves can be viewed as a sort of hyper-quotations, as they in fact entirely coincide with their original sources. Besides, collections usually have their own ideal patterns. In the fourth chapter a connection of Remizovs creative work with folk fun culture and a tradition of the folklore noel story is being demonstrated on Zavetnyie skazy (Secret Tales) material. A consistent collections history creation analysis convinces us that the tale was a sort of laboratory in which main writers prose methods were being worked out.
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Nature, science and technology. The image of Finland through popular enlightenment texts 1870-1920 This doctoral thesis looks at how Finnish popular enlightenment texts published between 1870 and 1920 took part in the process of forming a genuine Finnish national identity. The same process was occurring in other Nordic countries at the time and the process in Finland was in many ways influenced by them, particularly Sweden. In Finland the political realities under Russian rule especially during the Russification years, and the fact that its history was considered to be short compared to other European countries, made this nation-building process unique. The undertaking was led by members of the national elite, influential in the cultural, academic as well as political arenas, who were keen to support the foundation of a modern Finnish identity. The political realities and national philosophy of history necessitated a search for elements of identity in nature and the Finnish landscape, which were considered to have special national importance: Finland was very much determined as a political entity on the basis of its geography and nature. Nature was also used as means of taking a cultural or political view in terms of, for example, geographical facts such as the nation s borders or the country s geographical connections to Western Europe. In the building of a proper national identity the concept of nature was not, however, static, but was more or less affected by political and economic progress in society. This meant that nature, or the image of the national landscape, was no longer seen only as a visual image of the national identity, but also as a source of science, technology and a prosperous future. The role of technology in this process was very much connected to the ability to harness natural resources to serve national interests. The major change in this respect had occurred by the early 20th century, when indisputable scientific progress altered the relationship between nature and technology. Concerning technology, the thesis is mainly interested in the large and at the time modern technological manifestations, such as railways, factories and industrial areas in Finland. Despite the fact that the symbiosis between national nature and international but successfully localized technology was in Finnish popular enlightenment literature depicted mostly as a national success story, concerns began to arise already in last years of the 19th century. It was argued that the emerging technology would eventually destroy Finland s natural environment, and therefore the basis of its national identity. The question was not how to preserve nature through natural science, but more how to conserve such natural resources and images that were considered to be the basis of national identity and thus of the national history. National parks, isolated from technology, and distant enough so as to have no economic value, were considered the solution to the problem. Methodologically the thesis belongs to the genre of science and technology studies, and offers new viewpoints with regard to both the study of Finnish popular enlightenment literature and the national development process as a whole.
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This dissertation addresses the modernization process of Finnish hospital architecture between the First and Second World War, with focus on facilities explicitly designed for women and children, which as special hospitals reflect specialization, a distinct feature of the modern era. The facilities considered in the study are the Salus hospital, Dr. Lnsimki s women s hospital, the Folkhlsan in Svenska Finland association s child-care institute, the Helsinki Women s Clinic, the Viipuri Women s Hospital, the Helsinki Children s Clinic and the Children's Castle (Lastenlinna) in Helsinki. The study considers hospital architecture as an architectural, medical and social object of design. The theoretical starting point and perspective are the views of the French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault (1925 1983) concerning the relationship of bio-power and architecture. Underlying the construction of health-care facilities for women and children were not only the desire to help but also issues of population policy, social policies, training and professionalization. In this study, hospital architecture is interpreted as reflecting developments in medicine, while also producing and reinforcing discourses associated with the ideologies of the time of design and construction. The results of the present research provide new information on the field of hospital design. The design of hospitals was no longer the sole prerogative of architects. Instead, modern hospital design involved the collaboration and networking of experts in various fields. During the period studied, the pavilion system was incorporated in hospital architecture in the block system, which was regarded as a rational. Rationalization was implemented upon the conditions of medical work. This led to spatial design in accordance with medical practices, through which norms were reinforced and created. An important aspect of the material is that the requirements of light, air, openness and hygiene created architecture in glass of an x-ray character, strongly associated with the element of discipline. The alliance of hygiene and architecture became a strategy for controlling the behaviour and encounters of people, for producing pedagogical and moral hygiene, and for reinforcing class hygiene. The modern hospital building also had to meet the requirements of aesthetic hygiene. Health-care facilities designed for women and children became production-oriented machinery, instruments for producing a healthy population and for reinforcing medical discourses.
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Vuosien 1830 ja 1924 vlill Yhdysvaltoihin muutti noin 35 miljoonaa eurooppalaista. Tm niinkutsuttu "maahanmuuton vuosisata" pttyi varsin killisesti kun Yhdysvallat ptti rajoittaa maahanmuuttoa 1920-luvulla. Vuosina 1921 ja 1924 sdetyt lait asettivat kansallisuuteen perustuvat kiintit kaikille eurooppalaisille maahanmuuttajille; vuoden 1924 laki mys lopetti kokonaan japanilaisten maahanmuuton. Tm ty tutkii nihin kiintilakeihin johtanutta maahanmuuttajavastaisuuden kasvua sek etenkin lakien ymprill kyty keskustelua. Ppaino on kongressissa esitetyiss maahanmuuton vastaisissa argumenteissa. Nm jakautuivat karkeasti ottaen kolmeen kategoriaan: maahanmuuton vastustajat sanoivat, ett siirtolaisten vaikutus taloudelliseen tilanteeseen oli epsuotuisa, siirtolaisten rodullinen ja kulttuurinen "laatu" oli huonontunut, ja siirtolaiset olivat radikaaleja ja bolshevismiin taipuvaisia. Erityist huolta hertti maahanmuuttajien vaikutus Amerikan kulttuuriseen, rodulliseen ja poliittiseen yhtenisyyteen. Huoli kansakunnan yhtenisyydest oli tulosta paitsi siirtolaisten mrst mys amerikkalaisessa yhteiskunnassa tapahtuneista muutoksista. Erityisen trkeit olivat tyvenliikkeen vaikutusvallan kasvu ja teollisuusjohtajien pyrkimys pysytt se. Maahanmuuttajien "bolshevismi" olikin kyttkelpoinen argumentti paitsi maahanmuuttajia mys amerikkalaisia tylisi vastaan: teollisuusjohtajat painottivat ett lakot ja tyvenliike olivat tulosta siirtolaisten mukanaan tuomista "epamerikkalaisista" ajatusmalleista, eivt yhteiskunnan epoikeudenmukaisuudesta. Kongressin keskustelun lisksi tyss ksitelln mys eri yhteiskunnallisten ryhmien ja vaikuttajien kantaa siirtolaisuuteen. Keskusteluun maahanmuutosta vaikuttivat etenkin eugenistit ja muut sosiaalitieteilijt, jotka vittivt it- ja eteleurooppalaisten olevan rodullisesti anglosakseja huonompia. Tmn vitteen vaikutusvaltaa lissivt yhteiskunnassa vallalla olleet ennakkoluulot, ja monet yhdistykset ja liikkeet (mm. Ku Klux Klan ja erilaiset isnmaalliset jrjestt) olivatkin trkeit rajoittamisen kannattajia. Keskustelu maahanmuutosta painottui ideologisiin ja tunteellisiin kysymyksiin, mutta rajoitusten taustalla oli mys konkreettisempia tekijit. Yhteiskunnan teollistuminen ja kaupungistuminen olivat pienentneet siirtolaisista koituvaa taloudellista hyty: siirtolaisia ei en tarvittu raivaamaan uusia viljelysmaita, kun taas tuotannon koneistuminen vhensi tyvoiman tarvetta huomattavasti. Pitkn aikavlin taloudellisten tekijiden roolin merkitys ky ilmeiseksi kun otetaan huomioon, ett muut maahanmuuttomaat (esim. Kanada ja Australia) eivt juuri rajoittaneet siirtolaisuutta tn aikana vaikka niisskin esiintyi runsaasti rodullista ja kulttuurista maahanmuuttajavastaisuutta. Psyy rajoitusten vhisyyteen niss maissa oli juuri maahanmuuttajien tuoma taloudellinen hyty, sek teollisena tyvoimana ett maanviljelijin. Vaikka kiintilakiehdotusten ymprill kytiin kiivasta vittely, kongressi kuitenkin hyvksyi lait varsin suurella enemmistll. Siirtolaisia itsen lukuunottamatta varsin harvat nkivt lait haitallisina, kun taas useat erilaiset ryhmt katsoivat hytyvns maahanmuuton rajoittamisesta. Avainsanat: siirtolaisuus, maahanmuutto, Yhdysvallat, 1920-luku, kiintilait, maahanmuuton rajoittaminen
