Educação ambiental nas series finais do ensino fundamental II no Municipio de Itambe-BA

RESUMO: Nesta dissertação apresenta-se um estudo de caso integrado que tem por objetivo analisar como a temática ambiental é desenvolvida nas séries finais do Ensino Fundamental II nas escolas públicas do Município de Itambé- Bahia. Esta investigação discorre a relação do homem - natureza, concepções de meio ambiente e sustentabilidade; retrata a educação ambiental no Ensino Fundamental e suas tendências pedagógicas. Este trabalho foi realizado no período de agosto a dezembro de 2010 em duas escolas localizadas na zona urbana do município de Itambé-BA. Os dados foram obtidos através de questionários aplicados a 180 alunos do 8º e 9º ano; entrevistas semiestruturadas com 20 professores, análise do Projeto Político Pedagógico e observação direta. Os resultados apontaram que há uma prática da Educação Ambiental voltada ao preservacionismo; a maioria dos educadores realiza a sua prática docente de forma individual, o que dificulta o desenvolvimento da EA. Inferimos que os professores necessitam de formação em educação ambiental, pautadas em uma visão crítica, percebendo o meio ambiente dentro de todas as suas dimensões e complexidades e que a Secretaria Municipal de Educação fortaleça o desenvolvimento dessa temática, a fim de executar ações voltadas ao cuidado com a natureza e a vida humana. Palavras-chave: educação ambiental, meio ambiente, desenvolvimento sustentável, Ensino Fundamental, prática pedagógica. ABSTRACT: This dissertation presents an integrated case study that aims to analyze how the environmental theme is developed in the final grades of primary education in public schools II of Itambé-Bahia. This research discusses the relationship of man - nature, conceptions of environment and sustainability; portrays environmental education in elementary education and its pedagogical trends. This work was carried out from August to December 2010 in two schools located in the urban area of Itambé-BA. Data were obtained through questionnaires given to 180 students of 8th and 9th grade, semi-structured interviews with 20 teachers, analysis of the Political Pedagogical Project and direct observation. The results showed that there is a practice of environmental education to conservatism, most educators place their teaching practice individually, which hinders the development of EA. We infer that teachers need training in environmental education, rooted in a critical view, seeing the environment in all its dimensions and complexities and that the City Department of Education strengthen the development of this theme in order to perform actions directed care with nature and human life.

Play to learn : building literacy in the early years

Features a range of activities that will help teachers use pretend play in the classroom. <br />

'The C Words': clitorises, childhood and challenging compulsory heterosexuality discourses with pre-service primary teachers

This paper reports on accidental ethnographic research. It arose unexpectedly out of the everyday teaching of first-year pre-service primary teachers at an Australian university. Via narrative, self-reflexivity, and student responses, we explore the interwoven workings of heteronormative, gendernormative and misogynist discourses when a chapter from Queering Elementary Education in the Course Reader created controversy, moral panic and resistance among students. The paper then charts the implementation of various strategies and interventions by the three authors of the paper: Greg, the lecturer; Maria, the Reading's author; and Steph, the Reading's protagonist. While outlining the subsequent shifts in student responses and discourses, we also problematise particular aspects of the processes of intervention where they still point to the insidious power and overarching framework of heteronormativity and gendernormativity that require ongoing challenges. <br />

Interview with Regina Varnadore

In her June 26, 2013 interview with Martha Manning, Regina Varnadore details her time at Winthrop from 1986-1989 as an Elementary Education major. In particular, Varnadore describes the process of earning a degree in Elementary Education. Varnadore discusses her experience student teaching and her career as a teacher. Varnadore mentions her opinions on education in Rock Hill and employees in the school district. Provided is information on Varandore’s family, the story of Varnadore earning her Master’s degree, and her future in the teaching profession. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.

Interview with Virginia Koch

In her January 13, 2015 interview with Michelle Dubert-Bellrichard, Virginia Koch shared the memories of her Winthrop experience from 1970-1974. Koch explains why she attended Winthrop, her experiences with Rat Week, and why she struggled to find a job in her major. Included are the details of why she left South Carolina, and the numerous positions she held thereafter. Koch also shares her perspectives on major transitions at Winthrop and in the South. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.

Arranjo institucional do financiamento do ensino fundamental no Brasil: considerações sobre os municípios brasileiros e estudo de caso do município de São Paulo no período de 1997 a 2006

O ambiente institucional do financiamento do ensino fundamental no Brasil sofreu diversas modificações nas últimas décadas, principalmente nos anos 1990. Com o objetivo de aliar a priorização do ensino fundamental à descentralização das políticas públicas de educação para o nível municipal, o governo federal promoveu uma reforma profunda nas normas legais para a execução dessas políticas, inclusive através de emendas constitucionais, que passaram a constituir importantes regras para o financiamento do ensino. Uma das principais alterações foi a criação do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento do Ensino Fundamental e de Valorização do Magistério – Fundef, destinado ao financiamento do ensino fundamental no Brasil. Apesar das reformas ocorridas, a situação do ensino fundamental no Brasil é ainda bastante precária. Esta não condiz com as necessidades de sua população, e nem com as possibilidades econômicas do Estado brasileiro. Do ponto de vista analítico, com base no referencial teórico da Nova Economia Institucional, a criação da vinculação de verbas para a política educacional é considerada a principal regra de financiamento do ensino fundamental e serviu à redução de vários custos de transação. Esses custos estão relacionados à descontinuidade de ações e ao comportamento oportunista dos atores envolvidos no cenário das políticas públicas. Dentre esses atores estão os representantes do poder público, executivo e legislativo, a burocracia estatal e a sociedade civil. Esta tese busca avaliar se o conjunto de estratégias de financiamento do ensino criado a partir das vinculações orçamentárias de receitas, em especial para o ensino fundamental, é condição suficiente para a obtenção de eficiência na condução das políticas de educação, ou se há outros elementos, ligados ou não a essa estratégia, que contribuem para a manutenção de ineficiências. O enfoque teórico utilizado na tese é o da Nova Economia Institucional, baseado, principalmente, nos trabalhos de North (1988 e 1990), Williamson (1985) e Miller (1992). Esse referencial teórico fundamenta-se no papel central das instituições na avaliação de problemas sócio-econômicos. Dessa maneira, a primeira parte da tese é dedicada à descrição dos elementos centrais dessa teoria, como, por exemplo, os conceitos de regras formais e informais, custos de transação e estruturas de governança. Com base nessa estruturação inicial é construído o modelo teórico utilizado na tese que pode ser entendido como uma adaptação da abordagem da Nova Economia Institucional para organizações do setor público. Esse modelo leva em consideração elementos e características importantes das instituições, atores e estruturas de governança, fundamentais na análise das organizações públicas. A partir desse modelo teórico é realizada uma análise pormenorizada do arranjo institucional desenvolvido para o financiamento do ensino fundamental nos municípios brasileiros, abrangendo o ambiente institucional, isto é, as regras do jogo, assim como o comportamento dos agentes frente a essas regras. Como forma de testar empiricamente os pressupostos teóricos utilizados na tese, é também realizado um estudo de caso para o Município de São Paulo. Esta tese busca contribuir com as discussões acerca das mudanças necessárias na construção das políticas de educação no Brasil, chamando atenção para a importância da adequação institucional entre as regras formais estabelecidas para as políticas e as características, valores e capacitação dos atores envolvidos na implantação dessas regras. A própria teoria institucional antecipa que a não consideração desses fatores implica a possibilidade de ocorrência de custos de transação associados aos custos de controle dos gestores públicos e ao comportamento oportunista dos agentes no cenário das políticas públicas. Com isso, mesmo existindo recursos vinculados não estará garantida uma condução eficiente das políticas públicas de ensino.

As propostas educacionais maranhenses no Império (1834-1889)

A instruçio p~blica no Maranhão sofreu certas mudanças, a partir do Ato Adicibnal (1834), que coiocou sob a responsabilidade das Administrações provinciais a direção do ensino p~blico, primario e secundario no Brasil. No s~culo passado, (XIX), no final dos anos 30 e durante os decênios de 40 e 50, houve, no Maranhão, um certo esforço do Estado, no sentido de exercer um contróle maior sobre a instrução provincial e de desenvolver ~ uma. maior clientela o ensino elementar. Nessa época, foram. pr~:))lr?v1dos pela Administração local os primeiros incentivos ã di fusão do ensino t~cnico e agrIcola; e reorganizado o ensino securidirio com a criação do Liceu Maranhense. Nas ~ltimas d~cadas do Imperio, entretanto, o Estado demonstrou um gra~ de desinteresse pelo desenvolvimento da educação escolar no Maranhão. As realizações oficiais dessa ~po~a, nos diver sos nIveis, ' foram insignificantes. A Administração Local, decretando o livre exeycIcio do ensino, em 1874, demonstrou legalmente o descaso a que relegou a instrução p~blica pr~ vincial. As tendências verificadas no ensino p~blico maranhense, nesse perIodo (1834-1889), for~m sobretudo, por particularidades do processo determinadas, polItico-econô mico marannense da ~poca. Nos primeiros decênios (final .de 30 : ê : · d~ca.das 40 ~. 50)', a sit~ação pó'Útiêa . ~aranhens.e · ;'.ar.act.eri:za·v~-. se por um grande empenho dos fazendeiros (fração da classe dominante no poder) em garantir a ordem e buscar a nia. No âmbito econômico, destacava-se um afã por hegem2. reformas materiais, visando ao soerguimento da economia mercantil. Ji nos Gltirnos dec~nios analisados, a situação p61Itico-ec2. n~mica traduzia-se por um maior fortalecimento do poder Político dos fazendeiros, mas com uma grave crise econômica. As condições sociais maranhenses nas primeiras décadas favo receram, pois, o surgimento de uma maior preocupação do Es tado pela educação escolar, enquanto que, na última fase, a situação político-econômica maranhense desestimulou um interesse maior do Estado pelo desenvolvimento do ensino público no Maranhão.

Prevalência da infecção genital pelo vírus herpes simples tipo 1 e 2 em mulheres grávidas e não grávidas de Natal/RN

Herpes simplex is a virus that can be transmitted sexually and is potentially associated with vertical transmission. This study evaluated the prevalence of genital infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 in pregnant and nonpregnant care in the city of Natal / RN, including a total of 222 women, 92 pregnant and 130 nonpregnant. The participants answered a questionnaire to obtain data and socio-demographic characteristics, as well as potential risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases. After the interview, we collected two cervical specimens, one for the Pap test and the other for DNA extraction and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect both virus serotypes. Then the women underwent a clinical examination by colposcopy. For statistical analysis, we used the chi-square and logistic regression by SSPS 17.0 Statistic. Most women were up to 30 years of age, nonwhite ethnicity, married, elementary education, family income below the poverty level; initiated sexual activity with age up to 18 years; had more than one sexual partner lifelong and was not pregnant, but has had at least one child. The HSV-1 showed a prevalence of 26.1% among pregnant women and 30.0% in non-pregnant women. While HSV-2 prevalence was found with 10.9% and 19.2% in pregnant and nonpregnant women, respectively. The largest proportion of morphological changes of the uterine cervix was detected among nonpregnant women, both in cytology and in colposcopy. The women were nonwhite ethnicity, married, became pregnant aged less than or equal to 18 years and who had one to two pregnancies had a lower risk of acquiring genital HSV infection. There was a high prevalence of genital HSV infection, HSV-1 is more prevalent than HSV-2. No association was found between morphological changes of the uterine cervix and the presence of the virus in pregnant and nonpregnant women, nor between genital HSV infection and the classic risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases

Eficiência nos gastos públicos em educação fundamental: uma análise nos municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007 e 2011

This paper aims to measure the degree of efficiency in the allocation of public resources in education from the FUNDEB in elementary education in the towns of Rio Grande do Norte in 2007 and 2011. To do so, we must determine to evaluate the efficiency in the allocation of public resources in municipal education in the early and last grades of elementary education; verify that the towns that achieved higher levels of efficiency that were allocated the largest volumes of resources in primary education and analyze which towns reached the worst and the best levels of efficiency in the allocation of public resources in education. This is on the assumption that the relation between the educational policies of local governments and concern for efficiency in the allocation of resources in education is limited only to increase spending on education. It is intended from the model of Data Envelopment analysis, (DEA), with Variable Returns to Scale (VRS), estimate the efficiency of spending on education and municipal pubic purging the problem of outliers. Estimations show that the municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte do not allocate their resources in public elementary education efficiently

O processo avaliativo institucional de desempenho do sistema público municipal de Teresina-PI (2001 a 2005): entre a lógica da excelência e a lógica da aprendizagem

This work focalize the institutional and educational evaluation, aiming to investigate the Municipal System Institutional Evaluation Performance of Teresina City Piauí (2001-2005), and to reflect about Institutional System Performance and its contribution to compose a new learning evaluation practice. In this sense, classifies elements about the evaluation practice in two Elementary Education municipal public schools, involving Education Municipal Bureau technicians as managers, pedagogues, teachers and students. Based on the ethnographic studies principles in the educational area, the work employs investigative procedures like document analysis, interviews with groups and individuals and also participator s comments. Intending to comprehend the complexity produced by the institutional and education evaluation processes, the wok reveals the Institutional Evaluation legal and educational political basis and the several positions assumed by the Learning Evaluation, as a classification tool or as a learning enhancement. This work points, as results, to a evaluation culture bipolarity carried out by the Municipal Education System as a explicit control and regulation toll, related to the classification and learning in a interaction process that operates both in the pressure and the reflection, as a culture practice established between excellence of logic and learning. The evaluation history has been construct on the evaluation actions dialectics, joint simultaneously between the Institutional Evaluation Performance and the learning evaluation. The senses, meanings and actions bipolarity is a interaction process product sustained between the institutional evaluation, under the scholar ranking application, and the learning evaluation. In this relativity, the teacher evaluation practice is found, ruled by interesting, thoughts and actions on the school evaluation, allowing a higher security and support to the learning results. Grounded in the researched reality, its possible to say that the teacher s evaluation practice is diversified, with different characteristics, when it is done in the learning search and in the learning intention. In the first case, reflects, rearranges and constructs new actions that lead the student to produce learning. In the second, shows the will, the wish of learning, but is a weak action, producing a not really significant learning and development; as a result, remains the mark approach as a determinant in the student future. The work s hope is to contribute not just to rethink these two evaluations dimensions the institutional and the learning ones but also to organize the school and to improve the pedagogic process

Utilizando processos geométricos da história da matemática para o ensino de equações do 2º grau

The present work had as principal objective to analyze the, 9th grade students understanding about the solutions of an equation of the 2° degree, using geometric processes of the History of the Mathematics. To do so, the research had as base the elaboration and application of a group of teaching activities, based on Jean Piaget's construtivism. The research consisted of a methodological intervention, that has as subjects the students of a group of 9th grade of the State School José Martins de Vasconcelos, located in the municipal district of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. The intervention was divided in three stages: application of an initial evaluation; development of activities&#8223; module with emphasis in constructive teaching; and the application of the final evaluation. The data presented in the initial evaluation revealed a low level of the students' understanding with relationship to the calculation of areas of rectangles, resolution of equations of the 1st and 2nd degrees, and they were to subsidize the elaboration of the teaching module. The data collected in the initial evaluation were commented and presented under descriptive statistics form. The results of the final evaluation were analyzed under the qualitative point of view, based on Richard Skemp's theory on the understanding of mathematical concepts. The general results showed a qualitative increase with relationship to the students' understanding on the mathematical concepts approached in the intervention. Such results indicate that a methodology using the previous student&#8223;s knowledge and the development of teaching activities, learning in the construtivist theory, make possible an understanding on the part of the students concerning the thematic proposal

PROEJA FIC/Fundamental no IFRN-Campus Mossoró: das intenções declaradas ao funcionamento de um curso em espaço prisional

This research aims to analyze the FIC Course of Assistant Technician in Service Management and Quality, integrated to elementary education / EJA form developed by IFRN MO Campus between 2011 and 2013 in the form of a PROEJA FIC / AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL. We seek to understand the adhesion between the national guidelines postulated for the Program, established in PPC and mediations with the process conceived in the run of the course. Guiding by the socio-critical approach and the dialogical paradigm, the theoretical-epistemological mark is especially buoyed by the theoretical contributions of Ciavatta (2005) , Rock (2011) , Haddad and Di Pierro (2000), Freire (2005), Marx (1982), Ramos (2005), Frigotto; Ciavatta; Ramos (2005), Moura (2012), and also on education in prisons by Onofre (2007, 2011), Bueno (2007), Julião (2011) and Foucault (2001). We assume that an action that enables professional qualification as FIC courses articulated to the EJA in the context of education in prisons have conceptual, methodological, political and pedagogical implications for it focuses challenges, weaknesses and opportunities on the same area of education., We have developed four techniques of data collection based on procedures and tools of qualitative research, such as document analysis, a student survey, the conduction of focus groups with teachers and administrators of the course and on-site observation. Mediated by the investigated context, results showed that the consolidation of PROEJA FIC / AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL goes beyond the intentions officially declared. It is inferred that after seven years of its creation, even though it keeps some potential, this program is not being satisfactorily developed and it shows weaknesses national and locally, it is set at low capillarity, it has a limited scope, and dissolved essential public commitments to the course development. The effectiveness of PROEJA FIC / AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL as part of an emancipatory inclusion social policy, according to official statement, entails approximating the legal logic with social logic, so as not only to propagate discourses and enforce worship to specific and successful experiences that reach only a minority, but to provide actual and necessary conditions to promote the breadth and social quality of the offered deals in this program format

O olhar da criança sobre a brincadeira nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte