Movements, behavior, and habitat selection of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the eastern equatorial Pacific, ascertained through archival tags

Ninety-six bigeye tuna (88– 134 cm fork length) were caught and released with implanted archival (electronic data storage) tags near fish-aggregating devices (FADs) in the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) during April 2000. Twenty-nine fish were recaptured, and the data from twenty-seven tags were successfully downloaded and processed. Time at liberty ranged from 8 to 446 days, and data for 23 fish at liberty for 30 days or more are presented. The accuracy in geolocation estimates, derived from the light level data, is about 2 degrees in latitude and 0.5 degrees in longitude in this region. The movement paths derived from the filtered geolocation estimates indicated that none of the fish traveled west of 110°W during the period between release and recapture. The null hypothesis that the movement path is random was rejected in 17 of the 22 statistical tests of the observed movement paths. The estimated mean velocity was 117 km/d. The fish exhibited occasional deep-diving behavior, and some dives exceeded 1000 m where temperatures were less than 3°C. Evaluations of timed depth records, resulted in the discrimination of three distinct behaviors: 54.3% of all days were classified as unassociated (with a floating object) type-1 behavior, 27.7% as unassociated type-2 behavior, and 18.7% as behavior associated with a floating object. The mean residence time at floating objects was 3.1 d. Data sets separated into day and night were used to evaluate diel differences in behavior and habitat selection. When the fish were exhibiting unassociated type-1 behavior (diel vertical migrations), they were mostly at depths of less than 50 m (within the mixed layer) throughout the night, and during the day between 200 and 300 m and 13° and 14°C. They shifted their average depths in conjunction with dawn and dusk events, presumably tracking the deep-scattering layer as a foraging strategy. There were also observed changes in the average nighttime depth distributions of the fish in relation to moon phase.

Thin film shape memory alloys and microactuators

For Micro-electro-mechanical System (MEMS) applications, TiNi-based thin film Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) possess many desirable properties, such as high power density, large transformation stress and strain upon heating and cooling, superelasticity and biocompatibility. In this paper, recent development in TiNi-based thin film SMA and microactuator applications is discussed. The topics related to film deposition and characterisation is mainly focused on crystal nucleation and growth during annealing, film thickness effect, film texture, stress induced surface relief, wrinkling and trenches as well as Temperature Memory Effect (TME). The microactuator applications are mainly focused on microvalve and microcage for biological applications, micromirror for optical applications and data storage using nanoindentation method. Copyright © 2009, Inderscience Publishers.

Cryogenic single-shot spectroscopy of a floating poly-silicon gate transistor

Trapped electrons, located close to the channel of a transistor, are promising as data storage elements in non-classical information processing. Cryogenic microwave spectroscopy has shown that these electrons give rise to high quality factor resonances in the drain current and a post excitation dynamic behaviour that is related to the system lifetime. Using a floating poly-silicon gate transistor, single shot spectroscopy is performed to characterise the dynamic behaviour during excitation. This behaviour is seen to be dominated by the decay of the transient component, which gives rise to oscillations around the high quality factor resonance. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.

Performance analysis of very-small-aperture lasers

The fabrication of very-small-aperture lasers is demonstrated, and their performance is analyzed. Because of strong optical feedback caused by a gold film on the front facet of the laser, its behavior changes: The threshold current decreases, the density of light inside the laser diode and the redshift effect of the spectra are enhanced, and the laser diode's lifetime is shorter than that of common laser diodes with large driving current. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America

Design of triangular lattice photonic crystals using genetic algorithms

Genetic Algorithms (GAs) were used to design triangular lattice photonic crystals with large absolute band-gap. Considering fabricating issues, the algorithms represented the unit cell with large pixels and took the largest absolute band-gap under the fifth band as the objective function. By integrating Fourier transform data storage mechanism, the algorithms ran efficiently and effectively and optimized a triangular lattice photonic crystal with scatters in the shape of 'dielectric-air rod'. It had a large absolute band gap with relative width (ratio of gap width to midgap) 23.8%.

Oil-immersion or solid-immersion power enhancement of very-small-aperture lasers

An analysis of the enhancement of light transmission through a sub-wavelength aperture by oil- or solid-immersion is presented in this letter. An output power enhancement phenomenon related to the oil-immersion or solid-immersion mechanism is realized experimentally and reported for a very small aperture laser, which is an agreement with simulation analysis. This phenomenon could be useful for future optical data storage, microscopy and lithography.

Near-field scanning optical microscopy with an active probe

A near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) system employing a very-small-aperture laser (VSAL) as an active probe is reported in this Letter. The VSAL in our experiment has an aperture size of 300 nmx300 nm and a near-field spot size of about 600 nm. The resolution of the NSOM system with the VSAL can reach about 600 nm, and even 400 nm. Considering the high output power of the VSAL, such a NSOM system is a potentially useful tool for nanodetection, data storage, nanolithography, and nanobiology.

Fabrication process and power and lifetime characteristics of very-small-aperture laser

High output power very-small-aperture laser has been created on 650 nm edge emitting laser diodes. The far-field output power is 0.4 mW at the 25 mA driving current, and the highest output power exceeds 1 mW. The special fabrication process is described and the failure mechanism leading to the short lifetime of the devices is discussed.

Two-dimensional photonic crystals with a large photonic band gap designed by a rapid genetic algorithm

We used Plane Wave Expansion Method and a Rapid Genetic Algorithm to design two-dimensional photonic crystals with a large absolute band gap. A filling fraction controlling operator and Fourier transform data storage mechanism had been integrated into the genetic operators to get desired photonic crystals effectively and efficiently. Starting from randomly generated photonic crystals, the proposed RGA evolved toward the best objectives and yielded a square lattice photonic crystal with the band gap (defined as the gap to mid-gap ratio) as large as 13.25%. Furthermore, the evolutionary objective was modified and resulted in a satisfactory PC for better application to slab system.

High-output very small aperture laser and its near-field distribution properties - art. no. 60200L

A Very-Small-Aperture Laser with a 250 X 500 nm(2) aperture has been created on a 650nm edge emitting LD. The highest far-field output power is 1.9mW and the power per unit emission area is about 15 MW/mu m(2). The special fabrication process and high output power mechanism are demonstrated respectively. The near-field distribution properties are also analyzed theoretically and experimentally.

Fabrication of Windowed Very-Small-Aperture Laser Diodes

A windowed very-small-aperture laser 9VSAL0 source for use in high-resolution near field optical data storage is fabricated. The windowed regions are introduced to avoid shorting the pn junction with metal coating and suppress the COD effect. It facilitates producing VSAL by simplified technology and improves the laser performance. A VSAL with 400nm small sperture is demonstrated by focused ion beam (FIB0 and the output power is 0.3mW at 31mA.

森林流域单元水文模型的构建与应用

目前全球缺水、水污染、洪涝灾害以及水土流失仍然非常严重，尤其在我国北方地区。流域水文模型可用来进行不同需水管理的情景分析，为解决我国水问题提供科学依据。分布式水文模型是流域水文模型的发展方向，具有显著特点：1）应用前景广泛，不仅可以模拟流域水文过程，还可以协助模拟泥沙或污染物的运移过程，为水利工程设计、水土保持、环境保护等领域提供技术支持；2）能够预测流域土地利用或气候变化下的流域水文响应过程变化，为管理部门提供决策支持；3）模型所需要的参数全部具有物理意义，可通过实际测量确定，适合模拟实测系列较短或是无观测流域的水文过程；4）对于目前国际水文界的前沿问题—水文尺度转换提供了一种有效的解决途径。 然而分布式水文模型还不完善，如1)真实性问题。对一些水文过程和边界条件还不确定。2)尺度转换问题。目前很少考虑尺度对参数有效性的影响。3)检验问题。还无法判断对有些难以测量的水文状态变量的模拟正确与否。4)计算时间和数据存储的问题。有些分布式水文模型虽然具有很强的水文物理基础和完善的模型结构，但是计算时间过长和(或)数据存储过大，难以应用。上述问题的核心就是对分布式水文模型的核心—单元水文模型的研究不够，需要为进一步完善单元水文模型进行研究。 本文采用饱和入渗理论、Saint-Venant方程、Richards方程、Penman-Monteith方程等等构建了以有限差分法求解的适用于森林流域的单元水文模型，并通过实验室模拟试验和坡地径流场资料进行了验证，主要结论为： 通过不同坡度和不同雨强下的室内坡面产汇流实验模拟，表明：该模型模拟的坡面流和壤中流过程与实测过程基本一致，峰现时间、径流历时、峰值流量、出流总量模拟值与实测值的相对误差均较小，基本小于10%。模型的模拟精度较高，实用性较强，为深入研究壤中流机制和改进流域降雨-径流模型提供了理论依据。 通过坡地径流观测场实测资料的验证，表明：该模型模拟的坡面流过程精度较高，累计流量的精度更高于小时过程的精度，离差系数、效率系数、确定系数均较理想，具有应用价值，有助于改善分布式水文模型在森林流域的模拟效果。

Memory devices based on lanthanide (SM3+, EU3+, Gd3+) complexes

Memory effects in single-layer organic light-emitting devices based on Sm3+, Gd3+, and Eu3+ rare earth complexes were realized. The device structure was indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/3,4-poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT)/Poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK): rare earth complex/LiF/Ca/Ag. It was found experimentally that all the devices exhibited two distinctive bistable conductivity states in current-voltage characteristics by applying negative starting voltage, and more than 10(6) write-read-erase-reread cycles were achieved without degradation. Our results indicate that the rare earth organic complexes are promising materials for high-density, low-cost memory application besides the potential application as organic light-emitting materials in display devices.

海洋要素垂直剖面测量系统的数据存储

长期、定点、连续测量海洋环境参数，尤其是从海洋表面到海底的垂直剖面的监测一直以来大都是由船只完成，耗费大量的人力和财力。“海浪驱动自持式海洋要素垂直剖面测量系统”（简称“海马”）利用海洋无时不在的波浪能，驱动滑行器单方向下潜运动，直达海底或程序设定的预定深度，在控制系统作用下，滑行器依靠自身的浮力匀速上浮， 并在此过程中，完成海洋要素的自动测量和存储。 当今海洋仪器大多采用“闪存”来存储数据，主要有RS－232串口和并型口的CF(Compact Flash)卡两种形式。但是两种接口都有一定的缺陷：CF卡不能和PC机直接通信，必须通过转接口才能将数据传送到PC机上；而RS-232接口虽然可以和PC机直接通信，但是由于其传输速度较慢，不利于大量数据的传输。由于上述两种接口的缺点，“海马”采用U盘来实现数据的存储。 USB接口不仅可以和PC机直接通信，而且具有使用方便，数据传输率高，又支持即插即用等特点，但由于USB接口协议复杂，涉及的方面广，特别是软件种类比较多，而且USB芯片种类繁多，使得USB设备的开发非常困难。 本文设计的USB(Universal Serial Bus)接口电路以单片机AT89C51以及CYPRESS公司生产的USB接口芯片SL811HS为核心，结合了随机存储芯片HY62256以及看门狗芯片X25165。在介绍了SL811HS控制器芯片的主要特点的基础上，重点阐述了利用这一芯片在C语言的编程控制之下如何识别U盘的插入和拔出，以及如何将单片机的数据按协议规定写入U盘，其中的协议包括FAT文件协议，USB协议和UFI命令协议。 本系统实现了单片机对U盘的数据存储，速度快，存储容量大，数据读取方便，直观明了，系统工作安全可靠，抗干扰能力强，可扩展性大，而且针对下位机设计的串口协议简单，可以满足“海马”海量数据的存储要求。

基于DSP和X5165芯片的非易失性数据存储设计

介绍了数字信号处理器 TMS32 0 L F2 4 0 7A的串行外设接口 ,给出了 EEPROM存储器 X5 165与 TMS32 0 L F2 4 0 7A的硬件连接电路和应用程序实例