993 resultados para Coxsackievirus B5


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本文从新鲜大熊猫粪便和实验室保存的沼气发酵富集物中筛选得到 4 株厌氧纤维素分解菌B5、C3、D3-2、D4-1,利用这4 株菌预处理秸秆,然后将预处理后的秸秆用本实验室保存的厌氧产氢菌来发酵进行生物产氢。同时还比较研究了:○1 用1% H2SO4、25% NH3 · H2O和12% NaOH对秸秆进行化学预处理;○2 用厌氧纤维素分解菌对秸秆进行生物预处理;○3 化学与生物组合预处理对秸秆发酵生物产氢的影响。实验结果表明:12% NaOH和生物组合预处理后的秸秆发酵产氢效果最好,其产氢量为21.04 mL g-1,是未经预处理秸秆的75 倍;最高氢气浓度为57.3%,是未经预处理秸秆的96 倍;其产氢的最适pH 为4.5 ~ 6.0,最佳底物浓度为45 ~ 55 g L-1;其发酵过程中的挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)以乙酸和丁酸为主。 本实验筛选到的 4 株厌氧纤维素分解菌株中,B5 和D4-1 在降解纤维素的同时还具有直接以纤维素为底物产氢的功能,因此本文分别对菌株B5 和D4-1 以及二者的组合菌株B5+D4-1 直接利用秸秆为基质发酵生物产氢做了初步探索研究。结果发现:组合菌株发酵产氢的效果以及对秸秆纤维素和半纤维素的降解率要比单菌株好。菌株B5+D4-1 发酵,秸秆的产氢量为11.4 mL g-1,分别是B5 和D4-1 单菌株的1.6 倍和3.1 倍;组合菌株B5+D4-1 发酵的最大氢气浓度为31.6%,分别是B5 和D4-1 单菌株的1.3 倍和2.4 倍。在发酵过程中,组合菌株B5+D4-1 对秸秆纤维素和半纤维素的最高降解率分别为35.0%和11.8%,分别是菌株B5 的1.2 倍和1.1 倍,是菌株D4-1的1.5 倍和1.3 倍。菌株B5,D4-1 以及组合菌株B5+D4-1 发酵过程产生的挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)均以乙酸为主。菌株B5 单独发酵过程中只检测到乙酸和丁酸,菌株D4-1 单独发酵以及组合菌株B5+D4-1 发酵过程检测到有乙醇、乙酸和丁酸。 The fermentative bio-hydrogen production by anaerobic hydrogen bacteria preserved in our laboratory from the straw which had been pretreated by four anaerobic cellulolytic decomposition strains of B5, C3, D3-2, D4-1 which were isolated and screened from giant panda’s excrement and biogas fermentation enrichments conserved in our laboratory was studied. Besides, the impact of chemical(1% H2SO4、25% NH3·H2O and 12% NaOH), biological (cellulolytic strains of B5, C3, D3-2, D4-1) and chemical-biological combination pretreatment on bio-hydrogen production from straw by fermentation was also comparatively studied. The experiments showed that the best results of bio-hydrogen production were obtained from the straw with 12% NaOH-biological combination pretreatment method, its capability of bio-hydrogen production was 21.04 mL g-1, which was 75 times higher than the straw without pretreatment; the maximum concentration of H2 was 57.3%, which was 96 times higher than the straw without pretreatment; its optimum pH range was 4.5 ~ 6.0, and its optimum range of substrate concentration was 45 ~ 55 g L-1; In the process of fermentation, the main composition of VFAs were acetate and butyrate. Among the four strains of B5, C3, D3-2, D4-1, B5 and D4-1 have the function of hydrogen-producing by cellulose used as substrate when it decompose cellulose, so the preliminary exploration and research on fermentative bio-hydrogen production by B5, D4-1 and B5+D4-1 which directly used straw as substrate was carried out. The results showed that the combination strains of B5+D4-1 was strikingly better than either B5 or D4-1 strain in the fermentative hydrogen production. The hydrogen-production capability of B5+D4-1 was 11.4 mL g-1 which was respectively 1.6 times and 3.1times higher than B5 and D4-1; the maximum hydrogen concentration of B5+D4-1 was 31.6% which was respectively 1.3 times and 2.4 times higher than B5 and D4-1. In the process of fermentation, the maximum degradation rate of cellulose and hemicellulose in straw was respectively 35.0% and 11.8% by B5+D4-1, which was 1.2 times and 1.1 times higher than B5, and was 1.5 times and 1.3 times higher than D4-1 respectively. The Volatile Fattty Acids(VFAs) generated in the process of fermentation with strains of B5, D4-1 and B5+D4-1 were all mainly acetate. Acetate and butyrate were detected in the process of fermentation with B5, ethonal, acetate and butyrate were detected in the process of fermentation with D4-1 and B5+D4-1.

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巨大芽孢杆菌经紫外线诱变,获得2株耐低pH、抗KGA的菌株:Bn,B5。在pH6.7~7.0的发酵培养基中与氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌发酵,Bn和B5的平均糖酸转化率分别提高3.5%,3.3%.在pH6.2的发酵培养基中,平均糖酸转化率提高11.4%,12.3%。在pH6.2和pH7.0含3%KGA的培养基中,2菌提前3~6h到达对数生长期,稳定期延长3~6h.经连续30代转接,特性稳定。

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研究了培养基和培养条件对新菌系大、小菌生长地代谢的影响 .结果表明 :培养基的碳源、葡萄糖 /山梨糖浓度比、氮源、生长因子以及起始 pH值、通气量等 ,可以有效地调节 2 酮基 L 古龙酸的代谢产生数量 ,规范新菌系B5 2 9-Go .V .6的行为、生理状态 ,促进大小菌之间的协调 ,使其达到最佳状态 .图 2表 6参 5

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Graphitic-nanofilaments (GNFs) supported ruthenium catalysts were prepared and characterized by NZ physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and temperature programmed reduction-mass spectroscopy (TPR-MS) and used for ammonia synthesis in a fixed bed microreactor. The TEMs of the Ru/GNFs and Ru-Ba/GNFs catalysts indicate that the Ru particles are in the range of 2-4 nm, which is the optimum size of Ru particles for the maximum number of B5 type sites. The activity of Ru-Ba/GNFs catalysts is higher than that of Ru-Ba/AC by about 25%. The methanation reaction on the Ru/GNFs catalyst is remarkably inhibited compared with a Ru/AC catalyst. High graphitization of GNFs is likely to be the reason for the high resistance to the methanation reaction. The power rate law for ammonia synthesis on Ru-Ba/GNFs catalysts can be expressed by r = Kp(NH3)(-0.4) P-N2(0.8) P-H2(-0.7), indicating that H-2 is an inhibitor for N-2 activation on the catalyst. Catalysts with the promoters Ba, K and Cs show large differences in activity for ammonia synthesis. The catalyst promoted with Ba (Ba/Ru = 0.2 molar ratio) was found to be the most active, whereas that with a K promoter was the least active. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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通过调节B5培养基中的组分,研究了金钩南瓜组培根在五种营养元素(P、Mg、Fe、Cu、B)四个浓度梯度(1/2 B5B5、3/2 B52、B5)培养下化感作用的响应模式以及对黑籽和金钩南瓜两种受体幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同营养元素对受体植物幼苗生长的影响不一致,与元素含量显著相关,而且依赖于受体选择。五种营养元素在亏缺(1/2 B5)和正常(B5)条件下南瓜组培根过滤液对受体植物幼苗生长均表现为抑制作用;而适量增加营养元素的条件下(3/2 B5和2 B5),一般表现为促进作用,但2 B5含量下,B元素导致金钩南瓜的自毒作用,而Fe能引发金钩南瓜组培根过滤液对黑籽南瓜的抑制作用。因此理论上初步得出P和Mg元素可以降低南瓜根系的毒害作用,而Fe、Cu和B元素对南瓜根系的化感调控作用与品种选择有关,这对调控施肥、降低设施农业中葫芦科作物的连作障碍具有一定的参考意义。

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比较柠条锦鸡儿在MS、WPM、B5三种基本培养基中对P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu等主要矿质元素的吸收规律,用向量分析方法找出三种基本培养基中的限制因子。结果表明:矿质养分整体供应水平是影响柠条锦鸡儿组培苗吸收矿质元素的关键因子;除此之外,MS培养基的Ca、P水平偏低,WPM和B5培养基的主要限制因子分别为K、Mn和Ca、P、K。

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本论文报道从海洋中分离到的一株聚磷菌的分离、鉴定、在系统发育中的地位、除磷特性、菌体内多磷酸盐颗粒的研究、D-海因酶和核苷二磷酸激酶基因的克隆及序列分析,为海水系统的生物除磷提供部分基础资料。 从黄海海域分离到聚磷菌Halomonas sp. YSR-3,菌体呈杆状,大小为3.5 μm×1 μm,革兰氏阴性,好氧生长,能运动。透射电镜观察发现,菌体内有致密颗粒。经DAPI染色确定该致密颗粒是多磷酸盐,亦可称为异染粒、迂回体。16S rDNA鉴定结果表明,YSR-3与Halomonas属中的marine bacterium B5-7有较高的同源性,相似值99%。YSR-3的生理生化特性:对氯霉素和卡那霉素敏感;淀粉水解呈阳性;反硝化和几丁质降解呈阴性;能将葡萄糖作为唯一碳源和能源。 对YSR-3的培养条件进行优化。以海水2216培养基、24 ℃、180 rpm、pH 6.5的条件培养,更利于菌体生长和菌体内多磷酸盐的形成。 对YSR-3的除磷特性进行研究。无磷培养时,菌体不能生长;用磷酸钾盐作为磷源时,菌体生长较好,形成多磷酸盐的菌体比例较高;较适合YSR-3菌体生长和多磷酸盐形成的磷源是KH2PO4,较适磷浓度为1.5 mmol/L。pH的变化影响菌株的生长、多磷酸盐形成和除磷效果。pH值为5时,菌体的数量几乎不增加,体内多磷酸盐和培养基中磷含量变化不大;pH值为6、7和8时,菌体生长良好,95%以上的菌体内形成多磷酸盐,培养基中磷含量明显下降。YSR-3在不同培养基中除磷量和除磷率不同。在高磷培养基中除磷量为0.7 mmol/L(磷含量由1.84 mmol/L降到1.14 mmol/L),除磷率为37.5%;在低磷培养基中除磷量为0.02 mmol/L(磷含量由0.028 mmol/L降到0.008 mmol/L),除磷率为72.2%。 以海洋聚磷菌Halomonas sp. YSR-3的总DNA为模板,用PCR法扩增D-海因酶基因和核苷二磷酸激酶基因,将扩增片段克隆到pGM-T载体,转化E.coli TOP10菌株,经蓝白斑筛选、菌落PCR得到阳性克隆,测序后对序列进行Blast比对分析。得到的D-海因酶基因序列长度为1510 bp,与Pseudomonas entomophila L48的海因酶基因序列的相似性为77%。翻译后的序列与Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5,Marinomonas sp. MED121,Burkholderia vietnamiensis G4的海因酶蛋白序列相似性分别为75%,73%,70%。得到的核苷二磷酸激酶基因序列长度为420bp,翻译后的序列与Loktanella vestfoldensis SKA53,Jannaschia sp. CCS1,Roseobacter sp. CCS2的核苷二磷酸激酶蛋白序列相似性分别为89%,86%,85%。 聚磷菌能将外界环境中的磷吸收到体内,并以多磷酸盐的形式储存。多磷酸盐对于细胞的生存和生长有很重要的作用,但目前对于多磷酸盐的形成过程以及过程调控还不是很清楚。在今后可以通过构建高效表达的重组菌,提高与除磷相关的酶的纯度及活性。同时可以将相关酶的基因进行突变,对基因表达的调控以及酶的代谢以及功能结构等多方面进行基础研究,使聚磷菌在生物除磷中得到广泛应用。

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1植物名称唐古特大黄(Rheum tanguticum),又名鸡爪大黄.2材料类别休眠芽.3培养条件分化培养基:以white、B5和190-2为基本培养基,附加6-BA 1.0~3.0 mg.L-1(单位下同)+NAA 0~0.2+肌醇200+CH 300.增殖培养基:MS+6-BA 3.0+NAA 0.1+肌醇200+CH 300.诱根培养基:MS+NAA 0.5+肌醇200+CH 300.上述培养基均附加3%蔗糖、0.5%琼脂,pH 5.8.培养温度为(20±1)℃,光源为日光灯,光照度为2 000 lx,光照时间18 h?d-1.

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试验选用唐古特大黄(Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Regel.)种子萌发的无菌苗及无菌苗子叶、下胚轴、胚根和幼根作为材料,研究唐古特大黄不同外植体的离体培养技术.结果表明,唐古特大黄的无菌苗和无菌苗子叶、下胚轴、胚根和幼根都可以作为离体培养的良好外植体.唐古特大黄的最适分化培养基是:B5+NAA 0.1mg/L+6-BA 3 mg/L;最适生根培养基是:1/2 MS+NAA 1 mg/L+3%蔗糖或1/2 MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+3%蔗糖;愈伤组织诱导培养基是:MS+2,4-D 1 mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L+6-BA 1 mg/L.

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从抱茎獐牙菜的胚轴、幼叶及未成熟种子诱导出愈伤组织并再生植株,试验选用MS、B5 和N6 三种培养基,其中以附加2. 4 - D3. 0mg/ L + 6 - BA0. 5mg/ L的MS 培养基诱导率最高;以附加6 - BA0. 5mg/ L + NAA 0. 2mg/ L 的MS 培养基分化苗频率最高;以附加2. 4 - D2. 0mg/ L + 6 - BA0. 5mg/ L 的MS 培养基愈伤组织的生长最好。结果表明,外植体,培养基,激素等对愈伤组织诱导、继代和分化均有明显影响。采用高压液相色谱法(HPLC) 测定抱茎獐牙菜愈伤组织中齐墩果酸含量的结果表明,愈伤组织中齐果墩酸含量因培养基、继代培养时间的不同而有所差异。

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Repeated-batch cultures of strawberry cells (Fragaria ananassa cv. Shikinari) subjected to four medium-shift procedures (constant LS medium, constant B5 medium, alternation between LS and B5 starting from LS and alternation between LS and B5 starting from B5) were investigated for the enhanced anthocyanin productivity. To determine the optimum period for repeated batch cultures, two medium-shift periods of 9 and 14 days were studied, which represent the end of the exponential growth phase and the stationary phase. By comparison with the corresponding batch cultures, higher anthocyanin productivity was achieved for all the repeated-batch cultures at a 9-day medium-shift period. The average anthocyanin productivity was enhanced 1.7-and 1.76-fold by repeated-batch cultures in constant LS and constant B5 medium at a 9-day shift period for 45 days, respectively. No further improvement was observed when the medium was alternated between LS (the growth medium) and B5 (the production medium). Anthocyanin production was unstable at a 14-day shift period regardless of the medium-shift procedures. The results show that it is feasible to improve anthocyanin production by a repeated-batch culture of strawberry cells.

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In addition to modulating the function and stability of cellular mRNAs, microRNAs can profoundly affect the life cycles of viruses bearing sequence complementary targets, a finding recently exploited to ameliorate toxicities of vaccines and oncolytic viruses. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying microRNA-mediated antiviral activity, we modified the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of Coxsackievirus A21 to incorporate targets with varying degrees of homology to endogenous microRNAs. We show that microRNAs can interrupt the picornavirus life-cycle at multiple levels, including catalytic degradation of the viral RNA genome, suppression of cap-independent mRNA translation, and interference with genome encapsidation. In addition, we have examined the extent to which endogenous microRNAs can suppress viral replication in vivo and how viruses can overcome this inhibition by microRNA saturation in mouse cancer models.

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Using a validated tetracycline (tet)-regulated MCF7-founder (MCF7F) expression system to modulate expression of CD44 standard form (CD44s), we report the functional importance of CD44s and that of a novel transcriptional target of hyaluronan (HA)/CD44s signaling, EMS1/cortactin, in underpinning breast cancer metastasis. In functional experiments, tet-regulated induction of CD44s potentiated the migration and invasion of MCF7F cells through HA-supplemented Matrigel. EMS1/cortactin was identified by expression profiling as a novel transcriptional target of HA/CD44 signaling, an association validated by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting experiments in a range of breast cancer cell lines. The mechanistic basis underpinning CD44-promoted transcription of EMS1/cortactin was shown to be dependent upon a NFB mechanism, since pharmacological inhibition of IKinase-2 or suppression of p65 Rel A expression attenuated CD44-induced increases in cortactin mRNA transcript levels. Overexpression of a c-myc tagged murine cortactin construct in the weakly invasive, CD44-deficient MCF7F and T47D cells potentiated their invasion. Furthermore, the functional importance of cortactin to CD44s-promoted metastasis was demonstrated by selective suppression of cortactin in CD44-expressing MCF7F-B5 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using RNAi, which was shown to result in attenuated CD44-promoted invasion and CD44-promoted adhesion to bone marrow endothelial cells (BMECs).

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Aims. We undertake an optical and ultraviolet spectroscopic analysis of a sample of 20 Galactic B0-B5 supergiants of luminosity classes Ia, Ib, Iab, and II. Fundamental stellar parameters are obtained from optical diagnostics and a critical comparison of the model predictions to observed UV spectral features is made.

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The dilute acid hydrolysis of grass and cellulose with phosphoric acid was undertaken in a microwave reactor system. The experimental data and reaction kinetic analysis indicate that this is a potential process for cellulose and hemi-cellulose hydrolysis, due to a rapid hydrolysis reaction at moderate temperatures. The optimum conditions for grass hydrolysis were found to be 2.5% phosphoric acid at a temperature of 175 degrees C. It was found that sugar degradation occurred at acid concentrations greater than 2.5% (v/v) and temperatures greater than 175 degrees C. In a further series of experiments, the kinetics of dilute acid hydrolysis of cellulose was investigated varying phosphoric acid concentration and reaction temperatures. The experimental data indicate that the use of microwave technology can successfully facilitate dilute acid hydrolysis of cellulose allowing high yields of glucose in short reaction times. The optimum conditions gave a yield of 90% glucose. A pseudo-homogeneous consecutive first order reaction was assumed and the reaction rate constants were calculated as: k(1) = 0.0813 s(-1); k(2) = 0.0075 s(-1), which compare favourably with reaction rate constants found in conventional non-microwave reaction systems. The kinetic analysis would indicate that the primary advantages of employing microwave heating were to: achieve a high rate constant at moderate temperatures: and to prevent 'hot spot' formation within the reactor, which would have cause localised degradation of glucose.