Off-axis field approximations for ion traps with apertures

In recent work (Int. J. Mass Spec., vol. 282, pp. 112–122) we have considered the effect of apertures on the fields inside rf traps at points on the trap axis. We now complement and complete that work by considering off-axis fields in axially symmetric (referred to as “3D”) and in two dimensional (“2D”) ion traps whose electrodes have apertures, i.e., holes in 3D and slits in 2D. Our approximation has two parts. The first, EnoAperture, is the field obtained numerically for the trap under study with apertures artificially closed. We have used the boundary element method (BEM) for obtaining this field. The second part, EdueToAperture, is an analytical expression for the field contribution of the aperture. In EdueToAperture, aperture size is a free parameter. A key element in our approximation is the electrostatic field near an infinite thin plate with an aperture, and with different constant-valued far field intensities on either side. Compact expressions for this field can be found using separation of variables, wherein the choice of coordinate system is crucial. This field is, in turn, used four times within our trap-specific approximation. The off-axis field expressions for the 3D geometries were tested on the quadrupole ion trap (QIT) and the cylindrical ion trap (CIT), and the corresponding expressions for the 2D geometries were tested on the linear ion trap (LIT) and the rectilinear ion trap (RIT). For each geometry, we have considered apertures which are 10%, 30%, and 50% of the trap dimension. We have found that our analytical correction term EdueToAperture, though based on a classical small-aperture approximation, gives good results even for relatively large apertures.

Approximate multipole coefficients of RF ion traps as functions of aperture size

In this study we present approximate analytical expressions for estimating the variation in multipole expansion coefficients as a function of the size of the apertures in the electrodes in axially symmetric (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) ion trap ion traps. Following the approach adopted in our earlier studies which focused on the role of apertures to fields within the traps, here too, the analytical expression we develop is a sum of two terms, A(n,noAperiure), the multipole expansion coefficient for a trap with no apertures and A(n,dueToAperture), the multipole expansion coefficient contributed by the aperture. A(n,noAperture) has been obtained numerically and A(n,dueToAperture) is obtained from the n th derivative of the potential within the trap. The expressions derived have been tested on two 3D geometries and two 2D geometries. These include the quadrupole ion trap (QIT) and the cylindrical ion trap (CIT) for 3D geometries and the linear ion trap (LIT) and the rectilinear ion trap (RIT) for the 2D geometries. Multipole expansion coefficients A(2) to A(12), estimated by our analytical expressions, were compared with the values obtained numerically (using the boundary element method) for aperture sizes varying up to 50% of the trap dimension. In all the plots presented, it is observed that our analytical expression for the variation of multipole expansion coefficients versus aperture size closely follows the trend of the numerical evaluations for the range of aperture sizes considered. The maximum relative percentage errors, which provide an estimate of the deviation of our values from those obtained numerically for each multipole expansion coefficient, are seen to be largely in the range of 10-15%. The leading multipole expansion coefficient, A(2), however, is seen to be estimated very well by our expressions, with most values being within 1% of the numerically determined values, with larger deviations seen for the QIT and the LIT for large aperture sizes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Variable field ion traps

This paper presents a technique to vary the electric field within a cylindrical ion trap (CIT) mass spectrometer while it is in operation. In this technique, the electrodes of the CIT are split into number of mini-electrodes and different voltages are applied to these split-electrodes to achieve the desired field. In our study we have investigated two geometries of the split-electrode CIT. In the first, we retain the flat endcap electrodes of the CIT but split the ring electrode into five mini-rings. In the second configuration, we split the ring electrode of the CIT into three mini-rings and also divide the endcaps into two mini-discs. By applying different potentials to the mini-rings and mini-discs of these geometries we have shown that the field within the trap can be optimized to desired values. In our study, two different types of fields were targeted. In the first, potentials were adjusted to obtain a linear electric field and, in the second, a controlled higher order even multipole field was obtained by adjusting the potential. We have shown that the different potentials required can be derived from a single RF generator by connecting appropriate capacitor terminations to split electrodes. The field within the trap can be modified by changing the values of the external capacitors. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Scaling the iHMM: Parallelization versus Hadoop

This paper compares parallel and distributed implementations of an iterative, Gibbs sampling, machine learning algorithm. Distributed implementations run under Hadoop on facility computing clouds. The probabilistic model under study is the infinite HMM [1], in which parameters are learnt using an instance blocked Gibbs sampling, with a step consisting of a dynamic program. We apply this model to learn part-of-speech tags from newswire text in an unsupervised fashion. However our focus here is on runtime performance, as opposed to NLP-relevant scores, embodied by iteration duration, ease of development, deployment and debugging. © 2010 IEEE.

Paraiso dos contemplativos, opusculo devotissimo, e utilissimo para as almas que aspirão a perfeição espiritual, e vida contemplativa : composto pelo V. Padre Fr. Batholomeu de Salucio, religioso da Serafica Familia dos Observantes Reformados : traduzido de italiano, e ilustrado com anotações pelo Padre Manoel Bernardes, da Congregação do Oratorio da cidade de Lisboa : offerecido a V. Santissima senhora nossa, concebida nos resplendores da Divina Graça sem sombra de culpa original

Bartholomeu de Salucio nasceu na Itália em 1558, não se sabe exatamente onde. Viveu em Roma, onde morreu em 1617. Frei franciscano foi orador e místico. Escreveu muitas obras espirituais tais como, As Sete Trombetas, As Invenções do Amor Divino, e O Namorado de Jesus, que foram traduzidas para o francês pelo Padre Carlos Jouya e impressas em Rouen, no ano de 1623. O Paraiso dos Contemplativos... é um dialogo entre um filho espiritual e o seu Diretor, com perguntas e respostas, orações e exclamações. É como uma história de peregrinação do espírito em busca da perfeição. As doutrinas são mostradas nas figuras do diálogo. O tradutor Manuel Bernardes fez anotações para ilustrar as metáforas que pudessem parecer obscuras e para confirmar' as doutrinas que pudessem parecer novas. Segundo Inocêncio, "parece que o coletor do pseudo-catálogo da Academia ignorou a existência da edição de 1739, aliás, não deixaria de citá-la de preferência à de 1761, que é a indicada no catálogo.

A representação dos atores sociais e a imagem da mulher no contexto do discurso feminista em contos de Marina Colasanti

O livro Contos de amor rasgados, de Marina Colasanti, foi publicado em 1986, década de consolidação das conquistas do movimento feminista (Pinto, 2003). O feminismo almejava uma mudança de mentalidade, mudança nas práticas sociais e nos discursos sobre a mulher (ibid.). Entretanto, a mulher nos contos é representada de forma peculiar, frustrando as expectativas de uma imagem positiva esperada de uma literatura produzida por uma autora feminista. Este estudo propõe a análise dos contos de Marina Colasanti, destacando algumas questões acerca da representação dos atores sociais em textos-contos que pretendem veicular um discurso de liberação da mulher. Para tanto, dez contos representativos do todo foram selecionados para compor o corpus e utilizou-se o sistema sociossemântico para a representação dos atores sociais proposto por van Leeuwen (1997) e a Linguística Sistêmico Funcional de Halliday (2004) como ferramentas de análise. Nosso enfoque é o da Análise Crítica do Discurso de Fairclough (1995), que tem dedicado seus estudos às mudanças sociais através dos discursos. Consideramos que o movimento feminista se inscreve em algumas mudanças. Nessa perspectiva, Bourdieu (2005) afirma que, apesar do movimento feminista, muito pouco mudou, prevalecendo, ainda, a dominação masculina e a violência simbólica. As categorias de van Leeuwen (op. cit.) da exclusão e inclusão dos atores sociais no discurso servem de instrumental para uma análise mais detalhada das relações homem-mulher, permitindo desvelar algumas questões feministas tematizadas nos contos, questões descritas por Pinto (op. cit.) e apontadas por Bourdieu (op. cit.). Os resultados da análise dos contos demonstram que a mulher ora está totalmente excluída, ora é representada como um pano de fundo (encobrimento), ora é enfraquecida (apassivada) em favor de seu marido/amante. Assim, os conflitos gerados a partir das ações do homem sobre a mulher nos contos confirmam certas preocupações do discurso feminista

Imidazolium-Based Organic Structure Directing Agents for the Synthesis of Microporous Materials

The central theme of this thesis is the use of imidazolium-based organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) in microporous materials synthesis. Imidazoliums are advantageous OSDAs as they are relatively inexpensive and simple to prepare, show robust stability under microporous material synthesis conditions, have led to a wide range of products, and have many permutations in structure that can be explored. The work I present involves the use of mono-, di-, and triquaternary imidazolium-based OSDAs in a wide variety of microporous material syntheses. Much of this work was motivated by successful computational predictions (Chapter 2) that led me to continue to explore these types of OSDAs. Some of the important discoveries with these OSDAs include the following: 1) Experimental evaluation and confirmation of a computational method that predicted a new OSDA for pure-silica STW, a desired framework containing helical pores that was previously very difficult to synthesize. 2) Discovery of a number of new imidazolium OSDAs to synthesize zeolite RTH, a zeolite desired for both the methanol-to-olefins reaction as well as NOX reduction in exhaust gases. This discovery enables the use of RTH for many additional investigations as the previous OSDA used to make this framework was difficult to synthesize, such that no large scale preparations would be practical. 3) The synthesis of pure-silica RTH by topotactic condensation from a layered precursor (denoted CIT-10), that can also be pillared to make a new framework material with an expanded pore system, denoted CIT-11, that can be calcined to form a new microporous material, denoted CIT-12. CIT-10 is also interesting since it is the first layered material to contain 8 membered rings through the layers, making it potentially useful in separations if delamination methods can be developed. 4) The synthesis of a new microporous material, denoted CIT-7 (framework code CSV) that contains a 2-dimensional system of 8 and 10 membered rings with a large cage at channel intersections. This material is especially important since it can be synthesized as a pure-silica framework under low-water, fluoride-mediated synthesis conditions, and as an aluminosilicate material under hydroxide mediated conditions. 5) The synthesis of high-silica heulandite (HEU) by topotactic condensation as well as direct synthesis, demonstrating new, more hydrothermally stable compositions of a previously known framework. 6) The synthesis of germanosilicate and aluminophosphate LTA using a triquaternary OSDA. All of these materials show the diverse range of products that can be formed from OSDAs that can be prepared by straightforward syntheses and have made many of these materials accessible for the first time under facile zeolite synthesis conditions.

Museos y parques naturales: comunidades locales, administraciones públicas y patrimonialización de la cultura y la naturaleza

Cap. 1. Patrimonialización cultural y natural: un proceso, múltiples aproximaciones. Cap. 2. Comment un musée de ville peut-il être au service des citoyens? Un parcours et quelques pistes d’action. Jean-François Leclerc. Cap. 3. Los museos comunitarios de Kuna Yala y la memoria histórica. Anelio Merry López Cap. 4. Turismo y museos en la ciudad de Valencia. Javier Martí. Cap. 5. La Red de Museos Etnográficos de Asturias: proyecto y realidad. Juaco López Álvarez. Cap. 6. Culturas campesinas y conservación del patrimonio natur-rural. Jaime Izquierdo. Cap. 7. Faire et savoir faire un « territoire patrimonial » : Parc naturel régional du Haut-Jura (France). Olivier Givre. Cap. 8. Espacios naturales y especies salvajes. La construcción de la naturaleza como patrimonio en el Pallars Sobirà, Pirineo catalán. Oriol Beltran e Ismael Vaccaro. Cap. 9. L’histoire au cœur de la cité : l’exemple du laboratoire d’histoire et de patrimoine de Montréal. Joanne Burgess.

Características neuropsicológicas de pacientes con Enfermedad de Parkinson y portadores asintomáticos de la mutación R1441G en el gen LRRK2

238 p.

Jogos casuais: comunicação, entretenimento e desenvolvimento sustentável em EcoCity

A complexidade do fenômeno comunicacional desafia estudiosos do campo na atualidade, principalmente no âmbito dos ambientes sociais. O processo de interação mediada, por exemplo, ganhou grandes proporções na virada do século XXI com o advento das Tecnologias de Informação e de Comunicação (TIC). Os suportes tecnológicos eletrônicos ou computacionais passaram a nortear grande parte do entretenimento e da comunicação. Nesse caminho esta pesquisa analisa novas práticas de comunicação na atualidade e aponta como os jogos eletrônicos, ou também chamados games, vêm se conjugando nos processos de mediação nessas práticas. O trabalho envolve os jogos para computador, mais especificamente os chamados jogos casuais. O objeto de estudo são os tipos de interação social em jogos casuais online e o corpus de análise é o EcoCity, um jogo de simulação com final aberto que funciona nos sites de serviço de rede social. A abordagem da construção de cidades sustentáveis no game traz fatores ambientais à cena. A hipótese é que a socialização em torno desses fatores podem de alguma forma agregar valor nos usos e apropriações que os indivíduos fazem dos jogos casuais durante os processos comunicativos e interativos.

Guide ICSF : pour mieux comprendre la convention sur le travail dans la pêche, 2007

Ce guide a pour but de faire une présentation rapide de la Convention sur le travail dans la pêche qui a été adoptée en juin 2007 à Genève lors de la 96ème Conférence internationale du Travail (CIT) de l’Organisation internationale du Travail (OIT). Il ne prétend pas donner une interprétation de ses dispositions, ni remplacer la lecture du texte officiel. Il s’agit essentiellement d’aider ceux qui ne connaissent rien de ce nouveau document, et connaissent mal le fonctionnement de l’OIT et de la CIT, à se faire une idée des sujets traités. On espère que ce guide permettra notamment aux pêcheurs et à leurs organisations de comprendre les avantages potentiels et les répercussions de la nouvelle Convention sur la pêche artisanale et à petite échelle des pays en développement. Disponible aussi en ligne sur www.icsf.net

Guía del CIAPA : una introducción al convenio sobre el trabajo en el sector pesquero de 2007

El objetivo que persigue esta guía consiste en presentar brevemente el Convenio sobre el trabajo en el sector pesquero de 2007, adoptado en junio del mismo año en Ginebra, Suiza, durante la 96ª reunión de la Conferencia Internacional del Trabajo (CIT) de la Organización Mundial del Trabajo (OIT). No pretende en absoluto interpretar ninguna de sus disposiciones y no debe ser considerado como equivalente al texto oficial. La guía se ha elaborado pensando en facilitar la comprensión del convenio y del funcionamiento de la CIT y de la OIT a personas profanas en la materia. De forma más concreta se espera que esta publicación sirva para que los pescadores y las organizaciones que los representan comprendan las repercusiones del Convenio sobre las pesquerías artesanales y de pequeña escala de los países en desarrollo, así como las posibles ventajas que el Convenio les ofrece. La guía se encuentra igualmente disponible en la página web del CIAPA: www.icsf.net

SBLOCK: A framework for efficient stencil-based PDE solvers on multi-core platforms

We present a new software framework for the implementation of applications that use stencil computations on block-structured grids to solve partial differential equations. A key feature of the framework is the extensive use of automatic source code generation which is used to achieve high performance on a range of leading multi-core processors. Results are presented for a simple model stencil running on Intel and AMD CPUs as well as the NVIDIA GT200 GPU. The generality of the framework is demonstrated through the implementation of a complete application consisting of many different stencil computations, taken from the field of computational fluid dynamics. © 2010 IEEE.

现代NMR技术在生物医学中的应用－－稀土对大鼠代谢产物的影响及磁共振造影剂性质的研究

近年来，随着脉冲傅里叶变换核磁共振波谱仪灵敏度的提高及计算机技术的进步，使NMR技术在生物领域的应用有了飞速的发展。论文应用NMR技术研究了稀土化合物（硝酸镧）对大鼠体内代谢产物的影响。对Wistar种大鼠按不同剂量给药（灌胃和腹腔注射两种方式）后的尿液和血清中的代谢物质的~1H NMR谱数据进行研究，并结合血清、尿液中生化指标的检测结果，指出稀土作用后大鼠肾脏的肾小管及肝脏线粒体均受到一定程度的损害，随稀土摄入量的增多，损害程度越严重。并提出代谢物中尿素、Suc、Kg、Cit、DMA、DMG、TMAO和氨基酸等可以作为肾脏受损伤的NMR markers，而乙醇、Lac和Tau可作为肝脏受损伤的NMR markers。实验中最小剂量为0.05 mg La(NO_3)_3/kg体重，仍有机体受损的NMR信号，说明稀土的安全剂量小于这一数值。在临床磁共振成像中，造影剂是医学诊断中的一种重要辅助试剂。本文采用NMR水弛豫分析法研究了GdDTPA及Gd(cycle-DTPA-1,2-PN)、Gd(DTPA－BIN)在水溶液和BSA溶液中的弛豫性质，为研究顺磁性金属配合物与蛋白质间相互作用情况提供了有效方法；对配体cycle-DTPA-1,2-pn、DTPA－BIN做了~1H NMR滴定研究，得出其质子解离过程和解离常数，并采用半经验量化计算方法计算了两种配体的质子化过程，得到了与~1H NMR滴定一致的结果。结果表明将NMR实验和量化计算方法结合，是考察复杂配体热力学稳定性的有效方法。

生物小分子体系及血浆中稀土化学形态的研究

对生物小分子体系及人体血浆多元本系中稀土化学形态的研究是考察体内稀土吸收、代谢和生物效应的关键，对阐明稀土对环境和人体健康的影响具有十分重要的意义。本文用pH滴定法和数学模型法研究了生物小分子体系及人体血浆中稀土、钙和锌的化学形态。取得了很有价值的新结果。1.稀土及钙、锌生物小分子溶液体系的研究（1）在模拟生理条件下，用pH滴定法对Pr、Gd、Tb、Yb、Ca、Zn六种金属离子与乳酸、天冬酰胺、瓜氨酸、硫代苹果酸、丁二酸五种小分子生物配体形成的三十个二元体系进行了研究。利用SCOGS2程序处理滴定数据，得到了各体系中合理的物种类型及稳定常数值。在两种氨基酸体系中，稀土和钙均只生成1200型一种配合物，而锌而有1100和1200型两种物种出现。在其它三种小分子有机酸体系中，稀土只生成1100型一种配合物，而钙和锌的物种则相对较多。一般来说，配合物稳定性顺序为：稀 > 稀土 >钙。（2）在模拟生理条件下，用pH滴定法对Pr、Gd、Tb、Yb、Ca、Zn六种金属离子与以柠檬酸为第一配体，分别以乳酸、谷氨酸、组氨酸、脯氨酸、亮氨酸、天冬氨酸为第二配体组成的三十六个三元体系进行了研究，能过计算确定了体系中存在的物种形式，并得到了各三元配合物的稳定常数值。另外，对各体系中金属的物种分布情况也作了深入的研究。各三元体系中均有三元物种生成。除M-Cit-Pro体系中三元配合物种类较少外，其余体系中稀土的三元配合物物种都在两种以上，而锌和钙的三元物种相对要少一些。空间位阻效应对三元配合物稳定性的影响较明显。各体系中稀土离子的配位行为相近，相应三元配合物稳定性有随离子半径减小而增大的趋势。钙的相应三元配合物没有稀土的稳定。锌的配合物稳定性与相应稀土配合物的稳定性相差不大，有的比稀土的低。2.稀土及钙、锌与生物分子多元体系的数学模型法研究（1）利用已有的金属离子与生物小分子二、三元体系的数据，经COMICS程序计算，得到了稀土Pr和Ca共存于以柠檬酸为第一配体，分别以乳酸、谷氨酸、组氨酸、脯氨酸、亮氨酸、天冬氨酸为第二配体的四元体系中金属的物种分布情况，并对体系中的物种变化作了分析。各体系中钙对镨的物种分布基本无影响。而镨对钙有较大影响，且对钙的三元配合物的影响更为强烈。（2）对Tb（III）、Ca（II）和Zn（II）在含有29种配体的人体血浆模型中的物种分布进行了数学模型法研究，并研究了Pb(III)对Ca(II)和Zn(II)物种分布的影响。结果表明，Tb(III)在人体血浆中主要以TbPO_4和Tb_2(CO_3)_3沉淀的形式存在。可溶Tb(III)在浓度较低时，主要与运铁蛋白结合成生[Tb(Tf)]；在浓度较高时，主要以[Tb(HSA)]和[Tb_2(Tf)]的形式存在。Tb(III)浓度的升高将导致自由Ca(II)离子含量的增加和Ca(II)配合物含量的降低。Tb(III)在较高浓度时使Zn(II)配合物的含量降低，对[Zn(Tf)]的影响最显著。